Based on studies in:
Portugal (Estuarine)
USA: California (Estuarine, Intertidal, Littoral)
Ireland (River)
Antarctic (Marine)
Malaysia (Rainforest)
Russia (Agricultural)
Ethiopia, Lake Abaya (Lake or pond)
Uganda (Lake or pond)
Japan (Forest)
Namibia, Namib Desert (Desert or dune)
USA: Maine, Gulf of Maine (Littoral, Rocky shore)
Netherlands: Wadden Sea, Ems estuary (Estuarine)
USA: Yellowstone (Temporary pool)
USA: Florida, Everglades (Estuarine)
USA (Temporary pool)
UK: Yorkshire, Aire, Nidd & Wharfe Rivers (River)
South Africa, Southwest coast (Marine)
Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico-Virgin Islands shelf (Reef)
USA, Northeastern US contintental shelf (Coastal)
USA: California, Coachella Valley (Desert or dune)
Southern Ocean (Marine, Tropical)
USA: California, Southern California (Marine, Sublittoral)
unknown (epipelagic zone, Tropical)
USA: Rhode Island (Coastal)
Norway: Spitsbergen (Coastal)
USA: Florida (Estuarine)

Clupeidae (pilchard) is a prey of:
Dicentrarchus labrax
Aves
Merluccius
Cephalopoda
Scombridae
Thyrsites atun
Argyrosomus hololepoditus
Seriola
Atractoscion aequidens
Cetacea
Phocidae
Chondrichthyes