1049619 Spheniscus magellanicus Near Threatened (NT) <i>Spheniscus magellanicus</i> (J.R.Forster, 1781) Magellanic Magellanic Penguin Magellanic Penguin Pinguim de Magalhães Magellanic Pinguim de Magalhães af Magellaanse Pikkewyn br Mank Magalhaes de Magellanpinguin en Magellanic Penguin es Spheniscus magellanicus fi Patagonianpingviini fr Manchot de Magellan it Spheniscus magellanicus ja マゼランペンギン lt Magelaninis pingvinas mn Магелланы оцон шувуу nl Magelhaenpinguïn no Magellanpingvin pl Pingwin magellański pt Pinguim-de-magalhães ru Магелланов пингвин th เพนกวินแมเจลเล็น "Falklands Wildlife Newsletter" (On-line). Accessed (Date Unknown) at http://www.seabirds.org/news . 16484 1 16484 326971 false 1 Lynch, W. 1997. Penguins of the World. Willowdale, Ont.: Firefly Books. 16485 1 16485 326971 false 1 Todd, F. 1981. The Sea World Book of Penguins. San Diego, California: Sea World Press. 16486 1 16486 326971 false 1 William, T. 1995. The Penguins. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. 16487 1 16487 326971 false 1 "Falklands Wildlife Newsletter" (On-line). Accessed (Date Unknown) at http://www.seabirds.org/news . 16484 1 16484 1077028 false 1 Lynch, W. 1997. Penguins of the World. Willowdale, Ont.: Firefly Books. 16485 1 16485 1077028 false 1 Todd, F. 1981. The Sea World Book of Penguins. San Diego, California: Sea World Press. 16486 1 16486 1077028 false 1 William, T. 1995. The Penguins. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. 16487 1 16487 1077028 false 1 "Falklands Wildlife Newsletter" (On-line). Accessed (Date Unknown) at http://www.seabirds.org/news . 16484 1 16484 1140866 false 1 Lynch, W. 1997. Penguins of the World. Willowdale, Ont.: Firefly Books. 16485 1 16485 1140866 false 1 Todd, F. 1981. The Sea World Book of Penguins. San Diego, California: Sea World Press. 16486 1 16486 1140866 false 1 William, T. 1995. The Penguins. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. 16487 1 16487 1140866 false 1 WoRMS (2009). <i>Spheniscus magellanicus</i> (Forster, 1781). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=225782 on 2010-01-08 1367976 1 1367976 3877001 false 1 1. IUCN Red List (September, 2008) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a> 686534 1 686534 1419772 false 1 5. BirdLife International (May, 2009) <a href="http://www.birdlife.org">http://www.birdlife.org</a> 686859 1 686859 1419772 false 1 2. International Penguin Conservation Work Group (May, 2009) <a href="http://www.penguins.cl/magellanic-penguins.htm">http://www.penguins.cl/magellanic-penguins.htm</a> 689420 1 689420 1419772 false 1 3. Chester, J. (2001) <i>The Nature of Penguins</i>. Celestial Arts, Berkeley. 689421 1 689421 1419772 false 1 4. Williams, T.D. (1995) <i>The Penguins</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 689422 1 689422 1419772 false 1 Scolaro (1990) On a longevity record of the Magellanic penguin. J Field Ornithol, 61:377-484. 730889 1 730889 2390132 false 1 The adult Magellanic penguin spends the greater part of the year securing a mate and raising chicks. The adults arrive at the nesting sites in September where, if already in a breeding pair, they engage in the repair of the nest, or if lacking a partner, they commence courtship behaviour (2) (4). This involves the male making a loud braying call to advertise for a mate, followed by walking in a circle around an interested female, and finally engaging in flipper patting, in which the male's flippers are vigorously vibrated against the female's body. Once formed, the breeding pairs are long-lasting and are maintained by behaviours such as mutual preening (4).</p><p>The nests of Magellanic penguins comprise either a simple scrape, often hidden under vegetation, or where soil conditions permit, a burrow, which may be up to 1 metre long ending in a round chamber. After mating, a clutch of two eggs is usually laid, which are incubated by both parent birds, with each taking an initial long shift of just over 2 weeks, while the other forages in the ocean (4). These foraging trips may be incredibly wide ranging, with some individuals tracked as far as 600 kilometres from the breeding colony (5). Towards the end of the 39 to 42 day incubation period the incubation shifts become much shorter. Once hatched the young are brooded for 29 days, during which time they grow a rudimentary layer of feathers that helps them to maintain their body temperature independently. The parents then leave the young unattended and only return to feed them every one to three days (4). During this time, the burrows provide better nesting grounds than surface nests, as they help protect against the wind and rain, although they do, on occasion, become flooded, often resulting in the death of the chicks due to hypothermia (2).</p><p>After 40 to 70 days (between late Jan and early March) the chicks fledge, and the adults moult their feathers in preparation for returning to the sea. The newly-fledged juveniles and adults then spend May to August following the northward movements of anchovies —their preferred prey— through the ocean, but will also take other fish, squid and crustaceans (4). 2ee37d0470d79e95d13182b73c1cf49f 2604321 Wildscreen Copyright Wildscreen 2003-2008 ARKive Copyright Copyright Wildscreen 2003-2008. Some rights reserved http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Supplier ARKive http://www.arkive.org/ 5978 arkive Location Source URL View original data object http://www.arkive.org/magellanic-penguin/spheniscus-magellanicus/ Citation English cc-by-nc-sa 3.0 Text http://content8.eol.org/content_large.jpg http://content9.eol.org/content_medium.jpg http://content10.eol.org/content_small.jpg 1 3 290 302 267 232 70 4 20 41 297 8 33 286 6 221 251 295 300 9 7 17 226 298 227 13 1 Animalia NOT EVALUATED Animalia 694 Chordata NOT EVALUATED Chordata 695 Aves NOT EVALUATED Aves 7981 Ciconiiformes NOT EVALUATED Ciconiiformes 7986 Spheniscidae NOT EVALUATED Spheniscidae 104381 Spheniscus NOT EVALUATED Spheniscus 1049619 Spheniscus magellanicus Near Threatened (NT) <i>Spheniscus magellanicus</i> (J.R.Forster, 1781) Portland State University, MA Education 7 klans BA Physics - Johns Hopkins University MS Education - Johns Hopkins University ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia 10 peter Ph.D., University of Bristol (1976) D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990) 11 paddy Creator and Editor of the BioSystematic Database of World Diptera, the taxonomic and nomenclatural authority for the Species2000 Annual Checklist of Life, which is the default classification used by EoL Smithsonian Curator for flower flies (PhD 1969). 1815 cepaapica Asst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006 Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35 PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 2005 20470 jhammock University of Michigan, PhD 1997 Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America. 25567 csparr 30594 jweckstein 33422 mstuder Postdoctoral Research Associate at the Biodiversity Synthesis Center at the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago USA, working on phylogeny, taxonomy, and biodiversity of Apioceridae, Asilidae, Mydidae (Insecta: Diptera). 34186 tdikow Postdoctoral Research Associate Biodiversity Synthesis Center 34318 parham Curator of Zoology (Fishes), Field Museum of Natural History 34360 mwestneat EOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universität Berlin 1989 35200 Katja William Miller, PhD Assistant Professor Baker University Dept. of Biology PO Box 65 Baldwin city, Kansas 66006-0065 35243 WMiller University of California Berkeley 35508 tuco Professor, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University. CV: http://www.eeb.cornell.edu/greene/GreeneCV.html 35534 HarryGreene 1. Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of Biology, Willamette University. 2. Animal Behavior 75(6):2005-2011 3. AOU 36132 David.P.Craig 36197 MarthaTestuser Mallari et al 2002 Key Conservation Sites in the Philippines:Haribon/BirdLife Directory of Important bird areas. Bookmark, Makati City Member, Wildlife Conservation Society of the Philippines 36398 amallari 1 Asst Professor at UNC Wilmington Dept of Biology and Marine Biology 2 author of paper showing for the first time close relationships between flamingos and grebes (van Tuinen, Butvill, Kirsch and Hedges) convergence and divergence in the evolution of aquatic birds, Proc Roy Soc London B (2001): 1345-1350 3 member of flamingo and grebe specialist groups 36429 vantuinenm I have a PhD in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior from the University of Minnesota. I am currently employed as the William A. and Nancy R. Klamm Endowed Chair of Ornithology at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. Recent relevant publications: Putnam, C. G., A. W. Jones, and R. S. Ridgely. accepted, Cotinga. Documentation of two Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) specimens from Ecuador. Jones, A. W. and R. S. Kennedy. 2008. Evolution in a tropical archipelago: comparative phylogeography of Philippine fauna and flora reveals complex patterns of colonization and diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 95: 620-639. Jones, A. W. and R. S. Kennedy. 2008. Plumage convergence and evolutionary history of the Island Thrush (Turdus poliocephalus) in the Philippines. The Condor 110: 35-44. Bridge, E. S., G. A. Voelker, C. W. Thompson, A. W. Jones and A. J. Baker. 2007. Effects of size and migratory behavior on the evolution of wing molt in terns (Sternae): a phylogenetic-comparative study. The Auk 124: 841-856. Bridge, E. S., A. W. Jones, and A. Baker. 2005 A phylogenetic framework of the terns (Sternini) inferred from mtDNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and plumage evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 459-469. 36473 AndyJones Active Member of Wildlife society of Africa, herpetological society of southern Africa and general manager and curator of reptile research and information center (Zebra Country lodge, Cullinan district Pretoria) 37046 Vaughan 1. Research Scientist at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes). 2. Author of many papers on systematics of Pipunculidae (see http://www.canacoll.org/Diptera/Staff/Skevington/Skevington.htm for details). 3. Curator of Tree of Life for Pipunculidae (see http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Pipunculidae for this as well as selected publications). Member of many professional entomological societies (see http://www.canacoll.org/Diptera/Staff/Skevington/Skevington.htm for details). 37141 skevingtonj faculty, Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Gables, Fl 33124 AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html 38707 ksealey X. Sun & S. A. Marshall. 2003. Systematics of Phasia Latreille (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 276: 1-320. 38740 xuekuisun Director, Animal Demography Unit, University of Cape Town. Responsible for, among others, the Southern African Bird Atlas Project, South African Bird Ringing Unit. Fellow of the American Ornithologists' Union. 39155 Les_Underhill Faculty (Associate Professor of Biology), Northern Michigan University 39424 aleclindsay Emeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64. Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76. Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366. Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D. (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68. Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63. 39544 jrynolds Affiliated with EOL Species Pages Group 39552 lshapiro Conservation Biologist, NGO, Vermont Center for Ecostudies Adjunct Faculty, Antioch University New England Elective Member of American Ornithologists' Union 39959 Bicknelli Curator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum) Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. & Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow & Rob van Soest. PDf and website 40160 BernardPicton 0 33 6