1178365

Apteryx haastii

Vulnerable (VU)

Apteryx haastii Potts 1872

de Haastkiwi en Great Spotted Kiwi en Roroa es Apteryx haastii fr Kiwi roa it Apteryx haastii ja オオマダラキ−ウィ pl Kiwi plamisty ru Большой серый киви

De Roy, T. May/June 1997. "National Wildlife Federation; New Zealand's Bizarre Un-Bird" (On-line). Accessed March 18th, 2000 at http://backstage.nwf.org/nwf/intlwild/kiwi.html .

1369 1

1369

324204

false

Grzelewski, D. March 2000. Night Belongs to the Kiwi. Smithsonian, Volume 30, No. 12: 79 - 86.

1370 1

1370

324204

false

Heather, B., H. Robertson. 1997. Field Guide to the Birds of New Zealand. New York: Oxford University Press.

1371 1

1371

324204

false

McLennan, J., R. Harris-Ching, E. Fuller (Editor). 1990. Kiwis: A Monograph of the Family Apterygidae. Auckland, New Zealand: Seto Publishing.

1372 1

1372

324204

false

De Roy, T. May/June 1997. "National Wildlife Federation; New Zealand's Bizarre Un-Bird" (On-line). Accessed March 18th, 2000 at http://backstage.nwf.org/nwf/intlwild/kiwi.html .

1369 1

1369

1073814

false

Grzelewski, D. March 2000. Night Belongs to the Kiwi. Smithsonian, Volume 30, No. 12: 79 - 86.

1370 1

1370

1073814

false

Heather, B., H. Robertson. 1997. Field Guide to the Birds of New Zealand. New York: Oxford University Press.

1371 1

1371

1073814

false

McLennan, J., R. Harris-Ching, E. Fuller (Editor). 1990. Kiwis: A Monograph of the Family Apterygidae. Auckland, New Zealand: Seto Publishing.

1372 1

1372

1073814

false

De Roy, T. May/June 1997. "National Wildlife Federation; New Zealand's Bizarre Un-Bird" (On-line). Accessed March 18th, 2000 at http://backstage.nwf.org/nwf/intlwild/kiwi.html .

1369 1

1369

1137652

false

Grzelewski, D. March 2000. Night Belongs to the Kiwi. Smithsonian, Volume 30, No. 12: 79 - 86.

1370 1

1370

1137652

false

Heather, B., H. Robertson. 1997. Field Guide to the Birds of New Zealand. New York: Oxford University Press.

1371 1

1371

1137652

false

McLennan, J., R. Harris-Ching, E. Fuller (Editor). 1990. Kiwis: A Monograph of the Family Apterygidae. Auckland, New Zealand: Seto Publishing.

1372 1

1372

1137652

false

1. IUCN Red List (September, 2006) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>

686566 1

686566

1419186

false

2. Animal Diversity Web (October, 2006) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Apteryx_haastii.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Apteryx_haastii.html</a>

686730 1

686730

1419186

false

3. New Zealand Birds (October, 2006) <a href="http://www.nzbirds.com/birds/kiwigs.html">http://www.nzbirds.com/birds/kiwigs.html</a>

686731 1

686731

1419186

false

4. Bank of New Zealand Save the Kiwi (October, 2006) <a href="http://www.savethekiwi.org.nz/Home/">http://www.savethekiwi.org.nz/Home/</a>

686732 1

686732

1419186

false

5. BirdLife International (October, 2006) <a href="http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=10&m=0">http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=10&m=0</a>

686733 1

686733

1419186

false

1. IUCN Red List (September, 2006) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>

686566 1

686566

2375176

false

686730 1

686730

2375176

false

3. New Zealand Birds (October, 2006) <a href="http://www.nzbirds.com/birds/kiwigs.html">http://www.nzbirds.com/birds/kiwigs.html</a>

686731 1

686731

2375176

false

4. Bank of New Zealand Save the Kiwi (October, 2006) <a href="http://www.savethekiwi.org.nz/Home/">http://www.savethekiwi.org.nz/Home/</a>

686732 1

686732

2375176

false

686733 1

686733

2375176

false

1. IUCN Red List (September, 2006) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>

686566 1

686566

2453229

false

686730 1

686730

2453229

false

3. New Zealand Birds (October, 2006) <a href="http://www.nzbirds.com/birds/kiwigs.html">http://www.nzbirds.com/birds/kiwigs.html</a>

686731 1

686731

2453229

false

4. Bank of New Zealand Save the Kiwi (October, 2006) <a href="http://www.savethekiwi.org.nz/Home/">http://www.savethekiwi.org.nz/Home/</a>

686732 1

686732

2453229

false

686733 1

686733

2453229

false

1. IUCN Red List (September, 2006) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>

686566 1

686566

2749781

false

686730 1

686730

2749781

false

3. New Zealand Birds (October, 2006) <a href="http://www.nzbirds.com/birds/kiwigs.html">http://www.nzbirds.com/birds/kiwigs.html</a>

686731 1

686731

2749781

false

4. Bank of New Zealand Save the Kiwi (October, 2006) <a href="http://www.savethekiwi.org.nz/Home/">http://www.savethekiwi.org.nz/Home/</a>

686732 1

686732

2749781

false

686733 1

686733

2749781

false

1. IUCN Red List (September, 2006) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>

686566 1

686566

2890565

false

686730 1

686730

2890565

false

3. New Zealand Birds (October, 2006) <a href="http://www.nzbirds.com/birds/kiwigs.html">http://www.nzbirds.com/birds/kiwigs.html</a>

686731 1

686731

2890565

false

4. Bank of New Zealand Save the Kiwi (October, 2006) <a href="http://www.savethekiwi.org.nz/Home/">http://www.savethekiwi.org.nz/Home/</a>

686732 1

686732

2890565

false

686733 1

686733

2890565

false

1. IUCN Red List (September, 2006) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>

686566 1

686566

3240229

false

686730 1

686730

3240229

false

3. New Zealand Birds (October, 2006) <a href="http://www.nzbirds.com/birds/kiwigs.html">http://www.nzbirds.com/birds/kiwigs.html</a>

686731 1

686731

3240229

false

4. Bank of New Zealand Save the Kiwi (October, 2006) <a href="http://www.savethekiwi.org.nz/Home/">http://www.savethekiwi.org.nz/Home/</a>

686732 1

686732

3240229

false

686733 1

686733

3240229

false

1. IUCN Red List (September, 2006) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>

686566 1

686566

3653046

false

686730 1

686730

3653046

false

3. New Zealand Birds (October, 2006) <a href="http://www.nzbirds.com/birds/kiwigs.html">http://www.nzbirds.com/birds/kiwigs.html</a>

686731 1

686731

3653046

false

4. Bank of New Zealand Save the Kiwi (October, 2006) <a href="http://www.savethekiwi.org.nz/Home/">http://www.savethekiwi.org.nz/Home/</a>

686732 1

686732

3653046

false

686733 1

686733

3653046

false

1. IUCN Red List (September, 2006) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>

686566 1

686566

4023532

false

686730 1

686730

4023532

false

3. New Zealand Birds (October, 2006) <a href="http://www.nzbirds.com/birds/kiwigs.html">http://www.nzbirds.com/birds/kiwigs.html</a>

686731 1

686731

4023532

false

4. Bank of New Zealand Save the Kiwi (October, 2006) <a href="http://www.savethekiwi.org.nz/Home/">http://www.savethekiwi.org.nz/Home/</a>

686732 1

686732

4023532

false

686733 1

686733

4023532

false

Kiwis are strictly monogamous, usually pairing for at least two to three breeding seasons, sometimes for life (2). These birds are extremely territorial and, once mating pairs form, the nesting region is fiercely defended, usually by vocal displays but occasionally by physical battles (2) (4). Males are particularly aggressive towards intruders and are capable of inflicting fatal wounds with their powerful feet and legs, but serious injuries and death are rare and territories seldom change 'ownership' unless the resident male dies naturally or is crippled. Within these territories kiwis may have up to 100 different excavated burrows and usually use a different one each day for shelter (2). However, unlike other kiwi species, the great spotted kiwi prefers dens to simple burrows, constructing tunnels several metres long and with more than one exit (4).Most breeding takes place in spring. The great spotted kiwi only produces one enormous egg per clutch, reaching up to 15% of the female's body mass (4). The egg takes up so much space that the females cannot generally eat during the last few days before laying, so must accumulate a store of fat beforehand (2). The advantage is that this large, nutrient-rich egg produces fully-feathered young at an advanced stage of development, quickly able to take care of themselves (2) (5). The egg is incubated by both parents (4) for about 70 days, and within ten days of hatching the chick begins to hunt for food unaccompanied outside the nest, but returns to the nest each day for three to four weeks (5). The chick may feed during the day for the first six weeks of life, but then becomes exclusively nocturnal.Kiwis set out on their hunt for food about 30 minutes after sunset, in search of insects, snails, spiders, earthworms, crayfish, fallen fruits and berries on which to feed (2) (5). Prey is found by the birds tapping the ground with their beaks and sniffing the earth, followed by plunging their beaks deep into the soil, stabbing back and forth to catch underground quarry (2). 9057d49858037a8f2cb182397a290fd9 1870797

Wildscreen

ARKive

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Supplier

ARKive

http://www.arkive.org/ 5978 arkive Location

Source URL

View original data object

http://www.arkive.org/great-spotted-kiwi/apteryx-haastii/ Citation

English cc-by-nc-sa 3.0 Text http://content2.eol.org/content_large.jpg http://content3.eol.org/content_medium.jpg http://content4.eol.org/content_small.jpg

1 Overview 3 Description 290 General Description 302 Nucleotide Sequences 267 Morphology 232 Reproduction and Life History 70 Behavior 4 Ecology and Distribution 20 Distribution 41 Habitat 297 Trophic Strategy 8 Conservation 33 Trends and Threats 286 Conservation Status 6 Relevance 251 Uses 295 Procedures 300 Wikipedia 9 Biodiversity Heritage Library 7 References and More Information 17 Literature References 226 Specialist Projects 227 Search the Web 13 Common Names

Animalia

NOT EVALUATED

Animalia

694

Chordata

NOT EVALUATED

Chordata

695

Aves

NOT EVALUATED

Aves

8662

Struthioniformes

NOT EVALUATED

Struthioniformes

8663

Apterygidae

NOT EVALUATED

Apterygidae

15822

Apteryx

NOT EVALUATED

Apteryx

1178365

Apteryx haastii

Vulnerable (VU)

Apteryx haastii Potts 1872

Portland State University, MA Education 7 klans BA Physics - Johns Hopkins University MS Education - Johns Hopkins University ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia 10 peter Ph.D., University of Bristol (1976) D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990) 11 paddy Asst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006 Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35 PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 2005 20470 jhammock University of Michigan, PhD 1997 Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America. 25567 csparr 30594 jweckstein 33422 mstuder Postdoctoral Research Associate Biodiversity Synthesis Center 34318 parham Curator of Zoology (Fishes), Field Museum of Natural History 34360 mwestneat EOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universität Berlin 1989 35200 Katja William Miller, PhD Assistant Professor Baker University Dept. of Biology PO Box 65 Baldwin city, Kansas 66006-0065 35243 WMiller University of California Berkeley 35508 tuco Professor, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University. CV: http://www.eeb.cornell.edu/greene/GreeneCV.html 35534 HarryGreene 1. Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of Biology, Willamette University. 2. Animal Behavior 75(6):2005-2011 3. AOU 36132 David.P.Craig 36197 MarthaTestuser Mallari et al 2002 Key Conservation Sites in the Philippines:Haribon/BirdLife Directory of Important bird areas. Bookmark, Makati City Member, Wildlife Conservation Society of the Philippines 36398 amallari I have a PhD in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior from the University of Minnesota. I am currently employed as the William A. and Nancy R. Klamm Endowed Chair of Ornithology at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. Recent relevant publications: Putnam, C. G., A. W. Jones, and R. S. Ridgely. accepted, Cotinga. Documentation of two Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) specimens from Ecuador. Jones, A. W. and R. S. Kennedy. 2008. Evolution in a tropical archipelago: comparative phylogeography of Philippine fauna and flora reveals complex patterns of colonization and diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 95: 620-639. Jones, A. W. and R. S. Kennedy. 2008. Plumage convergence and evolutionary history of the Island Thrush (Turdus poliocephalus) in the Philippines. The Condor 110: 35-44. Bridge, E. S., G. A. Voelker, C. W. Thompson, A. W. Jones and A. J. Baker. 2007. Effects of size and migratory behavior on the evolution of wing molt in terns (Sternae): a phylogenetic-comparative study. The Auk 124: 841-856. Bridge, E. S., A. W. Jones, and A. Baker. 2005 A phylogenetic framework of the terns (Sternini) inferred from mtDNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and plumage evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 459-469. 36473 AndyJones Active Member of Wildlife society of Africa, herpetological society of southern Africa and general manager and curator of reptile research and information center (Zebra Country lodge, Cullinan district Pretoria) 37046 Vaughan faculty, Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Gables, Fl 33124 AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html 38707 ksealey Director, Animal Demography Unit, University of Cape Town. Responsible for, among others, the Southern African Bird Atlas Project, South African Bird Ringing Unit. Fellow of the American Ornithologists' Union. 39155 Les_Underhill Faculty (Associate Professor of Biology), Northern Michigan University 39424 aleclindsay Emeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64. Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76. Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366. Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D. (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68. Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63. 39544 jrynolds Affiliated with EOL Species Pages Group 39552 lshapiro Conservation Biologist, NGO, Vermont Center for Ecostudies Adjunct Faculty, Antioch University New England Elective Member of American Ornithologists' Union 39959 Bicknelli Curator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum) Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. & Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow & Rob van Soest. PDf and website 40160 BernardPicton 0 3 0