1178988 Talpa europaea Least Concern (LC) <i>Talpa europaea</i> Linnaeus, 1758 European mole br Goz Europa cs Krtek obecný de Europäischer Maulwurf en European mole en Mole es Talpa europaea fi Maamyyrä fr Taupe d'Europe hu Közönséges vakond it Talpa europaea lt Kurmis nl Mol nl Mol nl Mol (dier) pl Kret europejski tr Avrupa köstebeği uk European mole uk European mole Macdonald, D. 1984. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York, NY: Facts on File, Inc.. 6929 1 6929 327092 false 1 Gorman, M., D. Stone. 1990. The Natural History of Moles. Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publishing Associates. 17117 1 17117 327092 false 1 2006. "ARKive: Images of Life on Earth- Mole (Talpa europaea)" (On-line). Accessed March 24, 2006 at http://www.arkive.org/species/ARK/mammals/Talpa_europaea/ . 17118 1 17118 327092 false 1 Jenkins, I. 2002. "Digimorph- An NSF Digital Library at UT Austin" (On-line). Talpa europaea (European mole). Accessed March 24, 2006 at http://www.digimorph.org/specimens/Talpa_europaea/ . 17119 1 17119 327092 false 1 "Mole" (On-line). Young People's Trust for the Environment. Accessed March 22, 2006 at http://www.yptenc.org.uk/docs/factsheets/animal_facts/mole.html . 17120 1 17120 327092 false 1 2006. "The Mammal Society" (On-line). Fact sheet: the Mole Talpa europaea. Accessed April 18, 2006 at http://www.abdn.ac.uk/mammal/mole.shtml . 17121 1 17121 327092 false 1 Haeck, J. 1969. Colonization of the Mole (Talpa europaea L.) in the Ijsselmeerpolders. Netherlands: Netherlands Journal of Zoology. 17122 1 17122 327092 false 1 Mellanby, K. 1971. The Mole. Great Britain: William Collins Sons & Co Ltd. 17123 1 17123 327092 false 1 Beolchini, F., A. Loy. 2004. Diet of syntopic moles Talpa romana and Talpa europaea in central Italy. Mammalian Biology, 69/2: 140-144. 17124 1 17124 327092 false 1 Macdonald, D. 1984. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York, NY: Facts on File, Inc.. 6929 1 6929 1077167 false 1 Gorman, M., D. Stone. 1990. The Natural History of Moles. Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publishing Associates. 17117 1 17117 1077167 false 1 2006. "ARKive: Images of Life on Earth- Mole (Talpa europaea)" (On-line). Accessed March 24, 2006 at http://www.arkive.org/species/ARK/mammals/Talpa_europaea/ . 17118 1 17118 1077167 false 1 Jenkins, I. 2002. "Digimorph- An NSF Digital Library at UT Austin" (On-line). Talpa europaea (European mole). Accessed March 24, 2006 at http://www.digimorph.org/specimens/Talpa_europaea/ . 17119 1 17119 1077167 false 1 "Mole" (On-line). Young People's Trust for the Environment. Accessed March 22, 2006 at http://www.yptenc.org.uk/docs/factsheets/animal_facts/mole.html . 17120 1 17120 1077167 false 1 2006. "The Mammal Society" (On-line). Fact sheet: the Mole Talpa europaea. Accessed April 18, 2006 at http://www.abdn.ac.uk/mammal/mole.shtml . 17121 1 17121 1077167 false 1 Haeck, J. 1969. Colonization of the Mole (Talpa europaea L.) in the Ijsselmeerpolders. Netherlands: Netherlands Journal of Zoology. 17122 1 17122 1077167 false 1 Mellanby, K. 1971. The Mole. Great Britain: William Collins Sons & Co Ltd. 17123 1 17123 1077167 false 1 Beolchini, F., A. Loy. 2004. Diet of syntopic moles Talpa romana and Talpa europaea in central Italy. Mammalian Biology, 69/2: 140-144. 17124 1 17124 1077167 false 1 Macdonald, D. 1984. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York, NY: Facts on File, Inc.. 6929 1 6929 1141005 false 1 Gorman, M., D. Stone. 1990. The Natural History of Moles. Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publishing Associates. 17117 1 17117 1141005 false 1 2006. "ARKive: Images of Life on Earth- Mole (Talpa europaea)" (On-line). Accessed March 24, 2006 at http://www.arkive.org/species/ARK/mammals/Talpa_europaea/ . 17118 1 17118 1141005 false 1 Jenkins, I. 2002. "Digimorph- An NSF Digital Library at UT Austin" (On-line). Talpa europaea (European mole). Accessed March 24, 2006 at http://www.digimorph.org/specimens/Talpa_europaea/ . 17119 1 17119 1141005 false 1 "Mole" (On-line). Young People's Trust for the Environment. Accessed March 22, 2006 at http://www.yptenc.org.uk/docs/factsheets/animal_facts/mole.html . 17120 1 17120 1141005 false 1 2006. "The Mammal Society" (On-line). Fact sheet: the Mole Talpa europaea. Accessed April 18, 2006 at http://www.abdn.ac.uk/mammal/mole.shtml . 17121 1 17121 1141005 false 1 Haeck, J. 1969. Colonization of the Mole (Talpa europaea L.) in the Ijsselmeerpolders. Netherlands: Netherlands Journal of Zoology. 17122 1 17122 1141005 false 1 Mellanby, K. 1971. The Mole. Great Britain: William Collins Sons & Co Ltd. 17123 1 17123 1141005 false 1 Beolchini, F., A. Loy. 2004. Diet of syntopic moles Talpa romana and Talpa europaea in central Italy. Mammalian Biology, 69/2: 140-144. 17124 1 17124 1141005 false 1 1. National Biodiversity Network Species Dictionary (July 2002) <a href="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nbn/">http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nbn/</a> 687344 1 687344 1420473 false 1 4. Macdonald, D.W. (2001) <i>The New Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 690808 1 690808 1420473 false 1 2. The Mammal Society. Mammal Factsheets (July 2002) <a href="http://www.abdn.ac.ukmammal/mole.shtml">http://www.abdn.ac.ukmammal/mole.shtml</a> 692874 1 692874 1420473 false 1 3. Macdonald, D.W., and Tattershall, F.T. (2001) <i>Britain's mammals- the challenge for conservation</i>. The Wildlife Conservation research unit, Oxford University <a href="http://www.wildcru.org">http://www.wildcru.org</a> 692875 1 692875 1420473 false 1 Symonds (1999) Life histories of the Insectivora: the role of phylogeny, metabolism, and sex differences. J Zool, 249:315-337. 731046 1 731046 2392298 false 1 Moles spend most of their lives underground in a system of permanent tunnels (2), the presence of which can be detected from above by molehills, by-products of the excavation process (2). They feed on soil invertebrates that fall into the tunnels (4). A favourite component of the diet is earthworms, which are often stored for later consumption after they have been immobilised by a bite to the head (4).</p><p>This species of mole is typically solitary, and both sexes defend their territories vigorously (4). Males extend their tunnel systems during the short breeding season as they search for females (4); a single litter per year is the norm, averaging between 2 to 7 naked, blind young. The young are suckled for about a month and leave the nest at around 33 days of age (2), they then disperse above-ground; this period of the mole's life is the most fraught with danger, as they are extremely vulnerable to predators including owls, buzzards, stoats, dogs and cats (2). Female moles are the only mammals known to posses reproductive organs called 'ovotestes', which contain a normal functioning ovary as well as a testicular area that produces a large amount of testosterone. This intriguing feature may explain why female moles are as aggressive as males when defending their territories; it may also account for the external similarities between males and females (4). b952ff3a894eeadc54644397cb81bbd5 2609227 Wildscreen Copyright Wildscreen 2003-2008 ARKive Copyright Copyright Wildscreen 2003-2008. Some rights reserved http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Supplier ARKive http://www.arkive.org/ 5978 arkive Location Source URL View original data object http://www.arkive.org/mole/talpa-europaea/ Citation English cc-by-nc-sa 3.0 Text http://content3.eol.org/content_large.jpg http://content4.eol.org/content_medium.jpg http://content5.eol.org/content_small.jpg 1 3 290 301 302 267 232 70 4 20 41 285 297 8 33 286 6 251 295 300 9 7 17 226 298 227 13 1 Animalia NOT EVALUATED Animalia 694 Chordata NOT EVALUATED Chordata 1642 Mammalia NOT EVALUATED Mammalia 8711 Soricomorpha NOT EVALUATED Soricomorpha 8715 Talpidae NOT EVALUATED Talpidae 14481 Talpa NOT EVALUATED Talpa 1178988 Talpa europaea Least Concern (LC) <i>Talpa europaea</i> Linnaeus, 1758 1241324 Talpa europaea europaea NOT EVALUATED <i>Talpa <i>europaea</i> europaea</i> Linnaeus, 1758 1241325 Talpa europaea cinerea NOT EVALUATED <i>Talpa europaea cinerea</i> Gmelin, 1788 1282502 Talpa europaea velessiensis NOT EVALUATED <i>Talpa europaea velessiensis</i> Petrov, 1941 Portland State University, MA Education 7 klans BA Physics - Johns Hopkins University MS Education - Johns Hopkins University ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia 10 peter Ph.D., University of Bristol (1976) D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990) 11 paddy developer 13 pleary 11793 wilsond Asst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006 Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35 PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 2005 20470 jhammock University of Michigan, PhD 1997 Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America. 25567 csparr 33422 mstuder Curator of Zoology (Fishes), Field Museum of Natural History 34360 mwestneat EOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universität Berlin 1989 35200 Katja William Miller, PhD Assistant Professor Baker University Dept. of Biology PO Box 65 Baldwin city, Kansas 66006-0065 35243 WMiller University of California Berkeley 35508 tuco 36197 MarthaTestuser B.A. Zoology, M.S. Embryology/physiology college faculty for 44 years member HAPS (Human Anatomy and Physiology Society) 36558 judyjunkyard Active Member of Wildlife society of Africa, herpetological society of southern Africa and general manager and curator of reptile research and information center (Zebra Country lodge, Cullinan district Pretoria) 37046 Vaughan Scientist National Institutes of Health 38259 saimiri faculty, Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Gables, Fl 33124 AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html 38707 ksealey Associate Professor of Biology, Curator of Mammals and Birds, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point Yahnke CJ, 2006. Habitat use and natural history of small mammals in the Paraguayan chaco. Mastozoologia Neotropical, 13(1);103-116. Yahnke CJ, 2006. Testing optimal foraging theory using bird predation on goldenrod galls. American Biology Teacher, 68(8):471-475. Yahnke CJ, PL Meserve, TG Ksiazek, and JN Mills. 2001. Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan chaco. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65(6):768-776. Yahnke CJ, I Gamarra de Fox, and F Colman. 1998. Mammalian species richness in Paraguay: the effectiveness of national parks in preserving biodiversity. Biological Conservation 84:263-268. Yahnke CJ, J Unger, BA Lohr, DA Meritt, and W Heuschele. 1997. Age specific fecundity, litter size, and sex ratio in the chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri). Zoo Biology 16:301-307. Yahnke, CJ, WE Johnson, E Geffen, D Smith, F Hertel, MS Roy, CF Bonacic, TK Fuller, B Van Valkenburgh, and RK Wayne. 1996. Darwin’s fox: a distinct endangered species in a vanishing habitat. Conservation Biology 10:366-375. Yahnke CJ. 1995. Metachromism and the insight of Wilfred Osgood: evidence of common ancestry for Darwin’s fox and the Sechura fox. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 68:459-467 American Society of Mammalogists National Association of Biology Teachers Sigma XI 39446 cyahnke Emeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64. Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76. Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366. Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D. (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68. Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63. 39544 jrynolds Affiliated with EOL Species Pages Group 39552 lshapiro Staff in a natural history museum Member of a professional society (SECEM) 39803 eliadelom Curator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum) Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. & Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow & Rob van Soest. PDf and website 40160 BernardPicton 0 35 0