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  <id type="integer">192655</id>
  <canonical-form>Amanita friabilis</canonical-form>
  <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
  <scientific-name>&lt;i&gt;Amanita friabilis&lt;/i&gt; (P. Karst.) Bas 1974</scientific-name>
  <common-names>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>Fragile Amanita</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>nl</language_label>
      <string>Elzeamaniet</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>nl</language_label>
      <string>Elzeamaniet</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>no</language_label>
      <string>Orefluesopp</string>
    </item>
  </common-names>
  <taxa>
    <refs type="array">
      <ref>
        <full-reference>1. National Biodiversity Network, Species Dictionary (June, 2003) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nbn/&quot;&gt;http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nbn/&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">689819</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
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        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1419877</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>2. Courtecuisse, R. &amp; Duhem, B. (1995) &lt;i&gt;Mushrooms and toadstools of Britain and Europe&lt;/i&gt;. Harper Collins, London.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">689820</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">689820</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1419877</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>3. The distribution, status and habitat requirement of the 33 fungal candidates for listing in Appendix I of the Bern Convention. (June 2003) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.artdata.slu.se/Bern_Fungi/Bern_Fungi.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.artdata.slu.se/Bern_Fungi/Bern_Fungi.htm&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">689821</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">689821</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1419877</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>4. European Council for Conservation of Fungi (ECCF) (2001) Datasheets of threatened mushrooms of Europe, candidates for listing in Appendix I of the Convention. Bern Convention Standing Committee. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.coe.int/CP21/tpvs34e.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.nature.coe.int/CP21/tpvs34e.htm&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">689822</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">689822</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1419877</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>5. Pegler, D. &amp; Spooner, B. (1992) &lt;i&gt;The Mushroom Identifier&lt;/i&gt;. Apple Press, London.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">689823</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">689823</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1419877</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>6. Bern Convention (June, 2003) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.coe.int/english/cadres/bern.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.nature.coe.int/english/cadres/bern.htm&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">689824</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">689824</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1419877</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
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        <description>Fungi are an enormous group of organisms that are so distinctive from both plants and animals that they are placed in their own kingdom. The main body of the fungus is composed of a multitude of microscopic threads (known as 'hyphae') which are located within the substrate (5). The fruiting body (such as the more familiar mushroom or toadstool) is produced to release spores and thus allows reproduction to occur. Fungi feed by absorbing nutrients from their surroundings. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The fragile amanita mainly produces its short-lived fruits between August and October (4). The spores are produced on gills that radiate from the underside of the cap (5).</description>
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        <rights-holder>Wildscreen</rights-holder>
        <rights-statement>Copyright Wildscreen 2003-2008</rights-statement>
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              <display-name>View original data object</display-name>
              <homepage>http://www.arkive.org/fragile-amanita/amanita-friabilis/</homepage>
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        <language>English</language>
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      <label>Overview</label>
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    <item>
      <id>3</id>
      <label>Description</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>290</id>
      <label>General Description</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>4</id>
      <label>Ecology and Distribution</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>20</id>
      <label>Distribution</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>41</id>
      <label>Habitat</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>8</id>
      <label>Conservation</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>33</id>
      <label>Trends and Threats</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>286</id>
      <label>Conservation Status</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>6</id>
      <label>Relevance</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>295</id>
      <label>Procedures</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>7</id>
      <label>References and More Information</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>17</id>
      <label>Literature References</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>226</id>
      <label>Specialist Projects</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>227</id>
      <label>Search the Web</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>13</id>
      <label>Common Names</label>
    </item>
  </table-of-contents>
  <ancestors>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5559</id>
      <canonical-form>Fungi</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Fungi</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5664</id>
      <canonical-form>Basidiomycota</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Basidiomycota</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">2865511</id>
      <canonical-form>Agaricomycetes</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Agaricomycetes</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5676</id>
      <canonical-form>Agaricales</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Agaricales</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">2861424</id>
      <canonical-form>Amanitaceae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Amanitaceae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">18878</id>
      <canonical-form>Amanita</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Amanita</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">192655</id>
      <canonical-form>Amanita friabilis</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>&lt;i&gt;Amanita friabilis&lt;/i&gt; (P. Karst.) Bas 1974</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
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  <children>
  </children>
  <curators>
    <user>
      <credentials>Portland State University, MA Education

</credentials>
      <id type="integer">7</id>
      <username>klans</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>BA Physics - Johns Hopkins University
MS Education - Johns Hopkins University
ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia


</credentials>
      <id type="integer">10</id>
      <username>peter</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Ph.D., University of Bristol (1976)
D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
</credentials>
      <id type="integer">11</id>
      <username>paddy</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Creator of MushroomObserver website.
Member of Mycological Society of America.
Collaborator with Rod Tulloss (http://www.njcc.com/~ret/amanita/).
</credentials>
      <id type="integer">2895</id>
      <username>nathan</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Asst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere.  Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 2005</credentials>
      <id type="integer">20470</id>
      <username>jhammock</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>University of Michigan, PhD 1997
Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)

Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America.</credentials>
      <id type="integer">25567</id>
      <username>csparr</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials></credentials>
      <id type="integer">30211</id>
      <username>AnnePringle</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials></credentials>
      <id type="integer">33422</id>
      <username>mstuder</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>EOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universit&#228;t Berlin 1989</credentials>
      <id type="integer">35200</id>
      <username>Katja</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>William Miller, PhD
Assistant Professor
Baker University
Dept. of Biology
PO Box 65
Baldwin city, Kansas 
66006-0065



</credentials>
      <id type="integer">35243</id>
      <username>WMiller</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials></credentials>
      <id type="integer">36197</id>
      <username>MarthaTestuser</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>A list of my peer-reviewed papers appears at 
http://www.amanitabear.com/mycological_services/publications/index.php

I am a member of the Mycological Society of America.</credentials>
      <id type="integer">38114</id>
      <username>retamanita</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>faculty, Department of Biology
University of Miami
Coral Gables, Fl 33124

AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi

http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html</credentials>
      <id type="integer">38707</id>
      <username>ksealey</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Masters Student, State University of New York (SUNY), College of Environmental Science and Forestry</credentials>
      <id type="integer">38907</id>
      <username>jvineis</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>1. I am an Associate Professor at SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry. I teach General Ecology and various upper division courses in mycology including Mycorrhizal Ecology, Mycorrhizal Symbioses and Advanced Mycology:Basidiomycetes.
2. I have a good number of peer-reviewed publications which include surveys of surveys of ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycete species. To identify the fungi I use a combination of morphological and molecular characters. Please view my web page at http://www.esf.edu/efb/horton/default.htm for a full list of pubs. Some selected references where mushroom identification was a key component of the work appear below.

Horton TR (2006) The number of nuclei in basidiospores of 63 species of ectomycorrhizal Homobasidiomycetes. Mycologia 98: 233-238.

Ashkannejhad S, Horton TR (2006) Ectomycorrhizal ecology under primary succession on coastal sand dunes: interactions involving Pinus contorta, suilloid fungi and deer. New Phytologist 169:345-354.

Horton TR (2002) Molecular approaches to ectomycorrhizal diversity studies: variation in ITS at a local scale. Plant and Soil 244: 29-39. 

3. Member of the Mycological Society of America. Currently serving on the Ecology and Plant Pathology council for the society.</credentials>
      <id type="integer">39514</id>
      <username>trhorton</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Emeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin

Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.

Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.

Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.

Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D.  (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway.  Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.

Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse  Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles.  Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.</credentials>
      <id type="integer">39544</id>
      <username>jrynolds</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Affiliated with EOL Species Pages Group</credentials>
      <id type="integer">39552</id>
      <username>lshapiro</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Curator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum)
Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. &amp; Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow &amp; Rob van Soest. PDf and website</credentials>
      <id type="integer">40160</id>
      <username>BernardPicton</username>
    </user>
  </curators>
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