223943Thunnus thynnusData Deficient (DD)<i>Thunnus thynnus</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)An tuinnínBluefin tunaBoeboCá chanThuTonTon franceTon franceTon rosuTónnosTonos makrofterosΤόνος金枪鱼金槍魚鮪鲔黑暗串黑鮪黑鲔afBlouvin-tunaarT'oûn Ah'mararT'o˚n ah'mararToun ahmararTunnaarبلوفين الشماليbgTonbrtoun rhûbrToun ruzcaGolfàscaTonyinacsTuňák obecnýdaAlmindelig TundaAtlantisk tundaBlåfinnet tundaBlåfinnet tunfiskdaTundaTunfiskdeAtlantischer ThunfischdeBlauflossen ThundeGroßer Thunderoter thunderoter ThunfischdeThunfischelTónnoselTonos makrofteroselΓλουπέαςelΓόφοςelΓοφόςelΚόπανοςelΜαγιάτικοelΌρκυνοςelΟρτσίνιelΤόνοςenAtlantic bluefin tunaenatunenBlue fin tunaenBlue-fin tunnyenBluefin tunaenbluefin tuna (German: Gewöhnlicher Thunfisch, Roter Thunfisch)enBluefin tunnyenhorse mackerelenNorthern bluefin tunaensouthern bluefin tunaenSquid houndentunaesAleta azulesatunesatúnesAtún alata azulesAtún aleta azulesAtún cimarrónesAtún de aleta azulesAtún rojoesAtún rojo del AtlánticoesMigas de tunidosesMojamaesRabilesThunnus thynnusfiTonnikalafoTunfiskurfrMiettesfrThon rougefrThon rouge de l'AtlantiquefrThon rouge du nordfrThonegaAn tuinnínglAtún vermelloheTunna kehulahrTunhrtunahrTuna plavahrTunjisTúnfiskuritBarilaroitFiocchi di tonnoitFranzillottuitMusciame de tonnoitScampiruitThunnus thynnusitTonitTonneitTonnoitTonno rossoitTuninaitTunnacchioluitTunnacchiuitTunnachielloitTunnuitTunnu da castagnarajaKaromagurojaKuromagurokaთინუსიko참다랑어mhBoebomtTonnmtTonnumtTunnaggnlAtlantische tonijnnlblauwvintonijnnlTonijnnoMakrellshørjenoMakrellstørjenoSjorjenoThunfisknoTunfiskplTonpltunczykplTunczyk blekitnopletwyplTuńczyk błękitnopłetwyptAlbacoraptAlbacora-azulptAlvacorptAtuarroptAtumptAtum rabilptAtum-azulptAtum-de-direitoptAtum-de-revésptAtum-rabilptAtum-rabilhoptAtum-verdadeiroptBocadós de atumptMochamaptRabãoptRabilptRabilhaptRabilhoptRabiloptrabioroTon rosuruKrasnyj tunetsruObyknovennyi tunetsruSineperyj tunetsruSinij tunetsruSiniyruSolsheglazyj tunetsrutunetsruVostochnyj tunetsruZoludoj tunetsskTuniak modroplutvýsqTonisrTunsrtunasrTunjsvMakrillstörjesvRöd tonfisksvTonfisktrOrkinostrOrkinoz baligitrOrkinoz balığıtrTon balığıtrTon baligityAuhopuwoWaxandorzhCá chanzhThuAgustin, L., A. 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How Tuna Ranching and Pirate Fishing are Wiping Out Bluefin Tuna in the Mediterranean Sea</i>. Greenpeace International, Amsterdam, Netherlands.69771016977104024098false1Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.52681815268182545265false1Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland.52684115268412545265false1Claro, R. and L.R. Parenti0 The marine ichthyofauna of Cuba. p. 21-57. In: Claro, R., K.C. Lindeman and L.R. Parenti (eds) Ecology of the marine fishes of Cuba. Smithsonian Institution Press, Wahsington and London. 253p.52686515268652545265false1Okiyama, M.0 An atlas of the early stage fishes in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo. 1157 p. (in Japanese)52692015269202545265false1American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. Based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of Elbert Halvor Ahlstrom, 15-18 August 1983, La Jolla, California. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 1. 760 p.52695115269512545265false1Nion, H., C. Rios and P. Meneses0 Peces del Uruguay: Lista sistemática y nombres comunes. Montevideo, DINARA, Infopesca.52699715269972545265false1Hilton-Taylor, C.0 2000 IUCN red list of threatened species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xviii + 61 p. (with 1 CD-ROM)52704015270402545265false1Luther, W. and K. Fiedler0 Guida della fauna marina costiera del Mediterraneo. Atlante illustrato a colori. Franco Muzzio & C. (editore), Roma. 244p.52706715270672545265false1Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen0 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p.52711215271122545265false1Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.52681815268183282599false1Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland.52684115268413282599false1Claro, R. and L.R. Parenti0 The marine ichthyofauna of Cuba. p. 21-57. In: Claro, R., K.C. Lindeman and L.R. Parenti (eds) Ecology of the marine fishes of Cuba. Smithsonian Institution Press, Wahsington and London. 253p.52686515268653282599false1Okiyama, M.0 An atlas of the early stage fishes in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo. 1157 p. (in Japanese)52692015269203282599false1American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. Based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of Elbert Halvor Ahlstrom, 15-18 August 1983, La Jolla, California. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 1. 760 p.52695115269513282599false1Nion, H., C. Rios and P. Meneses0 Peces del Uruguay: Lista sistemática y nombres comunes. Montevideo, DINARA, Infopesca.52699715269973282599false1Hilton-Taylor, C.0 2000 IUCN red list of threatened species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xviii + 61 p. (with 1 CD-ROM)52704015270403282599false1Luther, W. and K. Fiedler0 Guida della fauna marina costiera del Mediterraneo. Atlante illustrato a colori. Franco Muzzio & C. (editore), Roma. 244p.52706715270673282599false1Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen0 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p.52711215271123282599false1Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.52681815268184817994false1Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland.52684115268414817994false1Claro, R. and L.R. Parenti0 The marine ichthyofauna of Cuba. p. 21-57. In: Claro, R., K.C. Lindeman and L.R. Parenti (eds) Ecology of the marine fishes of Cuba. Smithsonian Institution Press, Wahsington and London. 253p.52686515268654817994false1Okiyama, M.0 An atlas of the early stage fishes in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo. 1157 p. (in Japanese)52692015269204817994false1American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. Based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of Elbert Halvor Ahlstrom, 15-18 August 1983, La Jolla, California. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 1. 760 p.52695115269514817994false1Nion, H., C. Rios and P. Meneses0 Peces del Uruguay: Lista sistemática y nombres comunes. Montevideo, DINARA, Infopesca.52699715269974817994false1Hilton-Taylor, C.0 2000 IUCN red list of threatened species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xviii + 61 p. (with 1 CD-ROM)52704015270404817994false1Luther, W. and K. Fiedler0 Guida della fauna marina costiera del Mediterraneo. Atlante illustrato a colori. Franco Muzzio & C. (editore), Roma. 244p.52706715270674817994false1Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen0 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p.52711215271124817994false1The bluefin tunas are among the largest and fastest open ocean fishes and are important economically and culturally in many parts of the world. There are three species of bluefin tuna- the prized and endangered Atlantic bluefin (Thunnus thynnus), the widespread but similarly overfished Pacific bluefin (Thunnus orientalis), and the smaller but also tasty Southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus mccoyi). Bluefin tunas are spectacular swimming machines with torpedo-shaped, streamlined bodies built for speed and high-powered muscle and tendon systems that have evolved for high endurance. Bluefin tunas are warm-blooded, a rare trait among fish, and are thus able to adjust their body temperature, keeping their body temperatures higher than the surrounding water, which is why they are so well adapted to cooler ocean waters.
Bluefin tunas are considered exceptionally good to eat, particularly by those who enjoy various forms of raw fish such as sushi and sashimi, and all species of bluefin tuna are pursued constantly by the fishing industry and by sport fishermen. As a result, overfishing throughout their range has driven their numbers to critically low levels. Some populations of bluefin tuna are thought be extinct and others are critically endangered.
63ca6550b174012c66f8001d0900c8483348928CopyrightSome rights reservedhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/LocationCitationEnglishcc-by-nc 3.0Texthttp://content1.eol.org/content_large.jpghttp://content2.eol.org/content_medium.jpghttp://content3.eol.org/content_small.jpgThe northern bluefin tuna spawns at just a few locations. In the Pacific Ocean, spawning takes place off the Philippines, while in the Atlantic, this tuna spawns only in the Mediterranean between June and August, and in the Gulf of Mexico, between April and June (2) (4). During these periods, females release up to ten million eggs into the ocean (4), which are carried substantial distances by currents. From these eggs hatch tiny larvae; initially measuring just three millimetres long, the larvae grow at a rate of one millimetre per day (2). The northern bluefin tuna is a slow growing and long-lived species, maturing between the ages of four and five years in the Mediterranean and at eight years in the Gulf of Mexico (5) and living for up to 30 years (3).</p><p>In schools of similar-sized individuals, the northern bluefin tuna cruises the oceans in search of food, often joining schools with other tuna, such as albacore, yellowfin and bigeye (4). The northern bluefin tuna has two types of muscle; one suited to long-distance, continuous swimming (a bluefin tuna can cross the Atlantic Ocean in less than 60 days (2)), the other providing short, fast bursts of speed (3). Reaching speeds of 45 miles per hour (2), the northern bluefin tuna employs this explosive swimming power when in pursuit of small schooling fish, such as anchovies, while it swims slowly with its mouth open to catch small slow-moving prey, such as red crab (4). When wandering the expansive oceans, the northern bluefin tuna tends to stay fairly close to the surface, but it is capable of diving to depths of 1,000 metres when in pursuit of prey (3). A fascinating system of blood vessels prevents any heat created through exertion being lost to the surroundings, thus allowing this tuna to swim in water too cold for other fish (3).</p><p>The northern bluefin tuna has been observed undertaking seasonal migrations in some areas of its range. During the summer months, bluefin tuna migrate northwards along the coast of Japan and the Pacific coast of North America (4), while migrations across the oceans have also been observed (2). Small deposits of magnetite in the heads of tuna are believed to act like a built-in compass, enabling the tuna to orientate itself in its vast habitat by picking up the earth's magnetic field (3).c4f6ebae397bf7050b31240ebc6b3d272618178WildscreenCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008ARKiveCopyrightCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008. Some rights reservedhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/SupplierARKivehttp://www.arkive.org/5978arkiveLocationSource URLView original data objecthttp://www.arkive.org/northern-bluefin-tuna/thunnus-thynnus/CitationEnglishcc-by-nc-sa 3.0Texthttp://content4.eol.org/content_large.jpghttp://content5.eol.org/content_medium.jpghttp://content6.eol.org/content_small.jpg13290194301302267141232702882934204121828529783328662512953009717226298227131AnimaliaNOT EVALUATEDAnimalia694ChordataNOT EVALUATEDChordata1905ActinopterygiiNOT EVALUATEDActinopterygii5184PerciformesNOT EVALUATEDPerciformes5210ScombridaeNOT EVALUATEDScombridae25172ThunnusNOT EVALUATEDThunnus223943Thunnus thynnusData Deficient (DD)<i>Thunnus thynnus</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)Portland State University, MA Education
7klansBA Physics - Johns Hopkins University
MS Education - Johns Hopkins University
ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia
10peterPh.D., University of Bristol (1976)
D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
11paddyAsst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 200520470jhammockUniversity of Michigan, PhD 1997
Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America.25567csparr33422mstuderCurator of Zoology (Fishes), Field Museum of Natural History34360mwestneatResearch Associate, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
Curatorial Affiliate, Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates
member, American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
35071jpsullivanEOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universität Berlin 198935200KatjaWilliam Miller, PhD
Assistant Professor
Baker University
Dept. of Biology
PO Box 65
Baldwin city, Kansas
66006-0065
35243WMillerUniversity of California Berkeley
35508tuco36197MarthaTestuserActive Member of Wildlife society of Africa, herpetological society of southern Africa and general manager and curator of reptile research and information center (Zebra Country lodge, Cullinan district Pretoria)37046Vaughanfaculty, Department of Biology
University of Miami
Coral Gables, Fl 33124
AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi
http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html38707ksealey1. Conservation Officer for Emirates Wildlife Society - WWF
2. PhD Student in Conservation Ecology, University of Plymouth, UK39202emmasmartEmeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin
Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.
Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.
Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.
Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D. (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.
Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.39544jrynoldsAffiliated with EOL Species Pages Group39552lshapiroCurator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum)
Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. & Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow & Rob van Soest. PDf and website40160BernardPicton270