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  <canonical-form>Astacopsis gouldi</canonical-form>
  <iucn-conservation-status>Endangered (EN)</iucn-conservation-status>
  <scientific-name>&lt;i&gt;Astacopsis gouldi&lt;/i&gt;</scientific-name>
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      <string>Astacopsis gouldi</string>
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    <item>
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      <string>Giant freshwater crayfish</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>Giant tasmanian lobster</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>Tasmanian giant crayfish</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>fr</language_label>
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        <full-reference>Altevogt, R., P. Rietschel, E. Thenius. 1972. The Crustacea. H. Grzimek, ed. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia Volume 1: Lower Animals. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Bliss, D. 1982. Shrimps, Lobsters, and Crabs. New York: Columbia University Press.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Department of Environment and Land Management, June 20, 1999. &quot;Giant Freshwater Lobster&quot; (On-line). Accessed July 14, 2000 at http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/esl/lobster.html .</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>International Wildlife Coalition, 1998. &quot;Tasmanian Giant Freshwater Crayfish&quot; (On-line). Accessed February 27, 2000 at http://www.iwc.org/volunteers/archives/Jan99/spec_pg7.htm .</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Smithton, August 1, 1999. &quot;Tasmanian Giant Freshwater Lobster&quot; (On-line). Accessed February, 15 2000 at http://www.smithton.tco.asn.au/wildlife/lobster/lobster.html .</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Altevogt, R., P. Rietschel, E. Thenius. 1972. The Crustacea. H. Grzimek, ed. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia Volume 1: Lower Animals. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Bliss, D. 1982. Shrimps, Lobsters, and Crabs. New York: Columbia University Press.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Department of Environment and Land Management, June 20, 1999. &quot;Giant Freshwater Lobster&quot; (On-line). Accessed July 14, 2000 at http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/esl/lobster.html .</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>International Wildlife Coalition, 1998. &quot;Tasmanian Giant Freshwater Crayfish&quot; (On-line). Accessed February 27, 2000 at http://www.iwc.org/volunteers/archives/Jan99/spec_pg7.htm .</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Smithton, August 1, 1999. &quot;Tasmanian Giant Freshwater Lobster&quot; (On-line). Accessed February, 15 2000 at http://www.smithton.tco.asn.au/wildlife/lobster/lobster.html .</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Altevogt, R., P. Rietschel, E. Thenius. 1972. The Crustacea. H. Grzimek, ed. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia Volume 1: Lower Animals. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Bliss, D. 1982. Shrimps, Lobsters, and Crabs. New York: Columbia University Press.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Department of Environment and Land Management, June 20, 1999. &quot;Giant Freshwater Lobster&quot; (On-line). Accessed July 14, 2000 at http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/esl/lobster.html .</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>International Wildlife Coalition, 1998. &quot;Tasmanian Giant Freshwater Crayfish&quot; (On-line). Accessed February 27, 2000 at http://www.iwc.org/volunteers/archives/Jan99/spec_pg7.htm .</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Smithton, August 1, 1999. &quot;Tasmanian Giant Freshwater Lobster&quot; (On-line). Accessed February, 15 2000 at http://www.smithton.tco.asn.au/wildlife/lobster/lobster.html .</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>1. IUCN Red List  (September, 2004) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.redlist.org&quot;&gt;http://www.redlist.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>2. Animal Diversity Web  (September, 2004) &lt;a href=&quot;http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Astacopsis_gouldi.html&quot;&gt;http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Astacopsis_gouldi.html&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>3. Australian Government &#8211; Department of the Environment and Heritage  (September, 2004) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.deh.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/information/factsheets/lobster.html&quot;&gt;http://www.deh.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/information/factsheets/lobster.html&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">1</published>
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        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>4. Inland Fisheries Service  (September, 2004) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ifs.tas.gov.au/fact_sheets/a_gouldi.html&quot;&gt;http://www.ifs.tas.gov.au/fact_sheets/a_gouldi.html&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
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        <full-reference>5. The Giant Tasmanian Freshwater Lobster  (September, 2004) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lobsters.tascom.net/page4.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.lobsters.tascom.net/page4.htm&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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        <description>The giant freshwater crayfish is a mere 6 mm long as a hatchling, and matures extremely slowly, living for up to 40 years (5). Reproductive maturity occurs at around nine years in males and 14 years in females, with females breeding just once every two years (2). Mating occurs in autumn and the eggs, attached to the female's swimming legs during development, hatch the following summer, remaining attached to the swimming legs as hatchlings for another month. Such a long reproductive process means that females spend much of their life with their young attached to their legs &#8211; a good strategy as fully grown adults have no natural predators (2). However, fishing of adult crayfish by humans results in the removal of not only the adults but all their young as well (3).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The giant freshwater crayfish is omnivorous, eating primarily rotting wood and animal flesh, as well as leaves and insects that fall into the water. Juveniles tend to hide in shallow water where they are less at risk from their large predators including fish and platypuses. Adults hide under submerged logs in deep pools where they appear to tolerate each other, despite being aggressive elsewhere (5).</description>
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      <label>Wikipedia</label>
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      <id>226</id>
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      <id>227</id>
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      <id>13</id>
      <label>Common Names</label>
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      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
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      <scientific-name>Malacostraca</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
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      <id type="integer">1183</id>
      <canonical-form>Decapoda</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
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    <taxon-page>
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      <canonical-form>Parastacidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Parastacidae</scientific-name>
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      <id type="integer">2921518</id>
      <canonical-form>Astacopsis</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Astacopsis</scientific-name>
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    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">2921519</id>
      <canonical-form>Astacopsis gouldi</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>Endangered (EN)</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>&lt;i&gt;Astacopsis gouldi&lt;/i&gt;</scientific-name>
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      <credentials>Portland State University, MA Education

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MS Education - Johns Hopkins University
ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia


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      <credentials>Ph.D., University of Bristol (1976)
D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
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      <credentials>Asst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere.  Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 2005</credentials>
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      <credentials>University of Michigan, PhD 1997
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Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America.</credentials>
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      <credentials>EOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universit&#228;t Berlin 1989</credentials>
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      <credentials>William Miller, PhD
Assistant Professor
Baker University
Dept. of Biology
PO Box 65
Baldwin city, Kansas 
66006-0065



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Eastern Kentucky University Foundation Professor

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      <credentials>Professor of Natural Sciences, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, OR
Powers, L.W.  1977.  Crabs (Brachyura) of the Gulf of Mexico. Contrib. mar. Sci. 20: (suppl.): 1-190.  Powers, L.W. and J.F. Cole.  1976.  Temperature variation in fiddler crab microhabitats.  J. exp. mar. biol. ecol.  21: 141-57.  Powers,, L.W.  1975.  Fiddler crabs in a nontidal environment. Cont. Mar. Sci. 19: 67-78.
Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society.</credentials>
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University of Miami
Coral Gables, Fl 33124

AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi

http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html</credentials>
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See http://biology.byu.edu/DepartmentInfo/FacultyStaff/tabid/168/ctl/FacultyProfile/mid/563/FacultyID/172/Default.aspx
for a list of recent publications
President-Elect, Society of Systematic Biologists
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      <credentials>1.Currently undertaking MSc in Aquatic Ecology,Kenyatta University,Nairobi,Kenya
3.Member to East African Wildlife Society,Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association(WIOMSA)</credentials>
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      <username>johkochey</username>
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      <credentials>Emeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin

Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.

Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.

Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.

Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D.  (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway.  Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.

Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse  Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles.  Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.</credentials>
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      <credentials>Affiliated with EOL Species Pages Group</credentials>
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      <username>lshapiro</username>
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      <credentials>Curator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum)
Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. &amp; Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow &amp; Rob van Soest. PDf and website</credentials>
      <id type="integer">40160</id>
      <username>BernardPicton</username>
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      <credentials>Portland State University, MA Education

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      <credentials>BA Physics - Johns Hopkins University
MS Education - Johns Hopkins University
ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia


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      <credentials>Ph.D., University of Bristol (1976)
D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
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      <credentials>Asst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere.  Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 2005</credentials>
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      <credentials>University of Michigan, PhD 1997
Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)

Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America.</credentials>
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      <credentials>EOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universit&#228;t Berlin 1989</credentials>
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      <username>Katja</username>
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    <user>
      <credentials>William Miller, PhD
Assistant Professor
Baker University
Dept. of Biology
PO Box 65
Baldwin city, Kansas 
66006-0065



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      <username>WMiller</username>
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      <credentials>Ph.D., University of Tennessee

Eastern Kentucky University Foundation Professor

List of publications: 
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Powers, L.W.  1977.  Crabs (Brachyura) of the Gulf of Mexico. Contrib. mar. Sci. 20: (suppl.): 1-190.  Powers, L.W. and J.F. Cole.  1976.  Temperature variation in fiddler crab microhabitats.  J. exp. mar. biol. ecol.  21: 141-57.  Powers,, L.W.  1975.  Fiddler crabs in a nontidal environment. Cont. Mar. Sci. 19: 67-78.
Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society.</credentials>
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University of Miami
Coral Gables, Fl 33124

AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi

http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html</credentials>
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      <credentials>Professor and Chair, Department of Biology, Brigham Young University
See http://biology.byu.edu/DepartmentInfo/FacultyStaff/tabid/168/ctl/FacultyProfile/mid/563/FacultyID/172/Default.aspx
for a list of recent publications
President-Elect, Society of Systematic Biologists
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      <username>crandall</username>
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3.Member to East African Wildlife Society,Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association(WIOMSA)</credentials>
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      <username>johkochey</username>
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      <credentials>Emeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin

Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.

Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.

Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.

Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D.  (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway.  Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.

Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse  Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles.  Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.</credentials>
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      <credentials>Affiliated with EOL Species Pages Group</credentials>
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      <username>lshapiro</username>
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      <credentials>Curator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum)
Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. &amp; Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow &amp; Rob van Soest. PDf and website</credentials>
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