308378

Giraffa camelopardalis

Least Concern (LC)

Giraffa camelopardalis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Giraffe Giraffe Reticulated Giraffe Giraffe Reticulated Giraffe Rothschild Giraffe af Kameelperd ar زرافة bn জিরাফ bo ཤ་བ་སྐེ་རིང་། br Jirafenn ca Girafa da Giraf el Καμηλοπάρδαλη en Giraffe eo Ĝirafo fa زرافه fr Girafe gd Sioraf gv Mwannalagh hr Žirafa ht Jiraf hu Zsiráf id Jerapah it Giraffa camelopardalis kk Керік ko 기린 la Giraffa lb Giraff ln Dikálá ml ജിറാഫ് ms Zirafah nl Giraffe (dier) no Sjiraff nv Tsin yilátah ayání oc Giraffa camelopardalis pt Girafa qu Hirapha sk Žirafa štíhla sq Gjirafa sr Жирафа sv Giraff th ยีราฟ tr Zürafa ur زرافہ vi Hươu cao cổ

Duplaix, N., N. Simon. 1976. World Guide to Mammals. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc..

7162 1

7162

325286

false

2003. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Pp. 399-408 in M. Hutchins, D. Kleiman, V. Geist, M. McDade, eds. Okapis and giraffes, Vol. 15: IV, 2 Edition. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group.

7163 1

7163

325286

false

Burnie, D., D. Wilson. 2001. Smithsonian Institution Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife. New York: DK Publishing, Inc..

7164 1

7164

325286

false

1999. Walker's Mammals of the World. Pp. 1084-1089 in R. Nowak, ed. Okapi and Giraffe, Vol. 2, 6 Edition. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

7165 1

7165

325286

false

Sanderson, I. 1982. The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of Animal Life. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc..

7166 1

7166

325286

false

1997. Encyclopedia of Mammals. Pp. 809-833 in A. Brown, et. al., eds. Browsing Giants, Vol. 6. Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish Corp..

7167 1

7167

325286

false

2005. "Animal Fact Sheet" (On-line). Reticulated Giraffe. Accessed November 19, 2005 at http://www.zoo.org/educate/fact_sheets/savana/giraffe.htm .

7168 1

7168

325286

false

Duplaix, N., N. Simon. 1976. World Guide to Mammals. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc..

7162 1

7162

1075080

false

2003. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Pp. 399-408 in M. Hutchins, D. Kleiman, V. Geist, M. McDade, eds. Okapis and giraffes, Vol. 15: IV, 2 Edition. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group.

7163 1

7163

1075080

false

Burnie, D., D. Wilson. 2001. Smithsonian Institution Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife. New York: DK Publishing, Inc..

7164 1

7164

1075080

false

1999. Walker's Mammals of the World. Pp. 1084-1089 in R. Nowak, ed. Okapi and Giraffe, Vol. 2, 6 Edition. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

7165 1

7165

1075080

false

Sanderson, I. 1982. The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of Animal Life. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc..

7166 1

7166

1075080

false

1997. Encyclopedia of Mammals. Pp. 809-833 in A. Brown, et. al., eds. Browsing Giants, Vol. 6. Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish Corp..

7167 1

7167

1075080

false

2005. "Animal Fact Sheet" (On-line). Reticulated Giraffe. Accessed November 19, 2005 at http://www.zoo.org/educate/fact_sheets/savana/giraffe.htm .

7168 1

7168

1075080

false

Duplaix, N., N. Simon. 1976. World Guide to Mammals. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc..

7162 1

7162

1138918

false

2003. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Pp. 399-408 in M. Hutchins, D. Kleiman, V. Geist, M. McDade, eds. Okapis and giraffes, Vol. 15: IV, 2 Edition. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group.

7163 1

7163

1138918

false

Burnie, D., D. Wilson. 2001. Smithsonian Institution Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife. New York: DK Publishing, Inc..

7164 1

7164

1138918

false

1999. Walker's Mammals of the World. Pp. 1084-1089 in R. Nowak, ed. Okapi and Giraffe, Vol. 2, 6 Edition. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

7165 1

7165

1138918

false

Sanderson, I. 1982. The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of Animal Life. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc..

7166 1

7166

1138918

false

1997. Encyclopedia of Mammals. Pp. 809-833 in A. Brown, et. al., eds. Browsing Giants, Vol. 6. Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish Corp..

7167 1

7167

1138918

false

2005. "Animal Fact Sheet" (On-line). Reticulated Giraffe. Accessed November 19, 2005 at http://www.zoo.org/educate/fact_sheets/savana/giraffe.htm .

7168 1

7168

1138918

false

1. IUCN Red List (April, 2009) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>

686144 1

686144

1420146

false

2. Dagg, A. (2005) Pers. Comm.

691200 1

691200

1420146

false

3. Nature Wildlife (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.nature-wildlife.com/girtxt.htm">http://www.nature-wildlife.com/girtxt.htm</a>

691201 1

691201

1420146

false

4. Toronto Zoo (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.torontozoo.com/Animals/details.asp?AnimalId=370Animal">http://www.torontozoo.com/Animals/details.asp?AnimalId=370Animal</a>

691202 1

691202

1420146

false

5. Diversity Web (November, 2004) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Giraffa_camelopardalis.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Giraffa_camelopardalis.html</a>

691203 1

691203

1420146

false

6. The Big Zoo (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/Reticulated_Giraffe.asp">http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/Reticulated_Giraffe.asp</a>

691204 1

691204

1420146

false

7. Sea World (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/animal-bytes/animalia/eumetazoa/coelomates/deuterostomes/chordata/craniata/mammalia/artiodactyla/giraffe.htm">http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/animal-bytes/animalia/eumetazoa/coelomates/deuterostomes/chordata/craniata/mammalia/artiodactyla/giraffe.htm</a>

691205 1

691205

1420146

false

8. Dagg, A.I. and Foster, J.B. (1976) The Giraffe: Its Biology, Behaviour and Ecology. Van Nost, Reinhold.

691206 1

691206

1420146

false

9. African Wildlife Foundation (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.awf.org/wildlives/118">http://www.awf.org/wildlives/118</a>

691207 1

691207

1420146

false

10. The American Zoo and Aquarium Association (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.aza.org/ConScience/ConScienceSSPFact/">http://www.aza.org/ConScience/ConScienceSSPFact/</a>

691208 1

691208

1420146

false

1. IUCN Red List (April, 2009) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>

686144 1

686144

2375396

false

2. Dagg, A. (2005) Pers. Comm.

691200 1

691200

2375396

false

3. Nature Wildlife (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.nature-wildlife.com/girtxt.htm">http://www.nature-wildlife.com/girtxt.htm</a>

691201 1

691201

2375396

false

4. Toronto Zoo (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.torontozoo.com/Animals/details.asp?AnimalId=370Animal">http://www.torontozoo.com/Animals/details.asp?AnimalId=370Animal</a>

691202 1

691202

2375396

false

691203 1

691203

2375396

false

6. The Big Zoo (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/Reticulated_Giraffe.asp">http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/Reticulated_Giraffe.asp</a>

691204 1

691204

2375396

false

691205 1

691205

2375396

false

8. Dagg, A.I. and Foster, J.B. (1976) The Giraffe: Its Biology, Behaviour and Ecology. Van Nost, Reinhold.

691206 1

691206

2375396

false

9. African Wildlife Foundation (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.awf.org/wildlives/118">http://www.awf.org/wildlives/118</a>

691207 1

691207

2375396

false

10. The American Zoo and Aquarium Association (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.aza.org/ConScience/ConScienceSSPFact/">http://www.aza.org/ConScience/ConScienceSSPFact/</a>

691208 1

691208

2375396

false

1. IUCN Red List (April, 2009) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>

686144 1

686144

2453449

false

2. Dagg, A. (2005) Pers. Comm.

691200 1

691200

2453449

false

3. Nature Wildlife (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.nature-wildlife.com/girtxt.htm">http://www.nature-wildlife.com/girtxt.htm</a>

691201 1

691201

2453449

false

4. Toronto Zoo (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.torontozoo.com/Animals/details.asp?AnimalId=370Animal">http://www.torontozoo.com/Animals/details.asp?AnimalId=370Animal</a>

691202 1

691202

2453449

false

691203 1

691203

2453449

false

6. The Big Zoo (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/Reticulated_Giraffe.asp">http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/Reticulated_Giraffe.asp</a>

691204 1

691204

2453449

false

691205 1

691205

2453449

false

8. Dagg, A.I. and Foster, J.B. (1976) The Giraffe: Its Biology, Behaviour and Ecology. Van Nost, Reinhold.

691206 1

691206

2453449

false

9. African Wildlife Foundation (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.awf.org/wildlives/118">http://www.awf.org/wildlives/118</a>

691207 1

691207

2453449

false

10. The American Zoo and Aquarium Association (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.aza.org/ConScience/ConScienceSSPFact/">http://www.aza.org/ConScience/ConScienceSSPFact/</a>

691208 1

691208

2453449

false

1. IUCN Red List (April, 2009) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>

686144 1

686144

2750001

false

2. Dagg, A. (2005) Pers. Comm.

691200 1

691200

2750001

false

3. Nature Wildlife (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.nature-wildlife.com/girtxt.htm">http://www.nature-wildlife.com/girtxt.htm</a>

691201 1

691201

2750001

false

4. Toronto Zoo (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.torontozoo.com/Animals/details.asp?AnimalId=370Animal">http://www.torontozoo.com/Animals/details.asp?AnimalId=370Animal</a>

691202 1

691202

2750001

false

691203 1

691203

2750001

false

6. The Big Zoo (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/Reticulated_Giraffe.asp">http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/Reticulated_Giraffe.asp</a>

691204 1

691204

2750001

false

691205 1

691205

2750001

false

8. Dagg, A.I. and Foster, J.B. (1976) The Giraffe: Its Biology, Behaviour and Ecology. Van Nost, Reinhold.

691206 1

691206

2750001

false

9. African Wildlife Foundation (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.awf.org/wildlives/118">http://www.awf.org/wildlives/118</a>

691207 1

691207

2750001

false

10. The American Zoo and Aquarium Association (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.aza.org/ConScience/ConScienceSSPFact/">http://www.aza.org/ConScience/ConScienceSSPFact/</a>

691208 1

691208

2750001

false

1. IUCN Red List (April, 2009) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>

686144 1

686144

2890785

false

2. Dagg, A. (2005) Pers. Comm.

691200 1

691200

2890785

false

3. Nature Wildlife (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.nature-wildlife.com/girtxt.htm">http://www.nature-wildlife.com/girtxt.htm</a>

691201 1

691201

2890785

false

4. Toronto Zoo (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.torontozoo.com/Animals/details.asp?AnimalId=370Animal">http://www.torontozoo.com/Animals/details.asp?AnimalId=370Animal</a>

691202 1

691202

2890785

false

691203 1

691203

2890785

false

6. The Big Zoo (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/Reticulated_Giraffe.asp">http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/Reticulated_Giraffe.asp</a>

691204 1

691204

2890785

false

691205 1

691205

2890785

false

8. Dagg, A.I. and Foster, J.B. (1976) The Giraffe: Its Biology, Behaviour and Ecology. Van Nost, Reinhold.

691206 1

691206

2890785

false

9. African Wildlife Foundation (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.awf.org/wildlives/118">http://www.awf.org/wildlives/118</a>

691207 1

691207

2890785

false

10. The American Zoo and Aquarium Association (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.aza.org/ConScience/ConScienceSSPFact/">http://www.aza.org/ConScience/ConScienceSSPFact/</a>

691208 1

691208

2890785

false

1. IUCN Red List (April, 2009) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>

686144 1

686144

3240449

false

2. Dagg, A. (2005) Pers. Comm.

691200 1

691200

3240449

false

3. Nature Wildlife (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.nature-wildlife.com/girtxt.htm">http://www.nature-wildlife.com/girtxt.htm</a>

691201 1

691201

3240449

false

4. Toronto Zoo (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.torontozoo.com/Animals/details.asp?AnimalId=370Animal">http://www.torontozoo.com/Animals/details.asp?AnimalId=370Animal</a>

691202 1

691202

3240449

false

691203 1

691203

3240449

false

6. The Big Zoo (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/Reticulated_Giraffe.asp">http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/Reticulated_Giraffe.asp</a>

691204 1

691204

3240449

false

691205 1

691205

3240449

false

8. Dagg, A.I. and Foster, J.B. (1976) The Giraffe: Its Biology, Behaviour and Ecology. Van Nost, Reinhold.

691206 1

691206

3240449

false

9. African Wildlife Foundation (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.awf.org/wildlives/118">http://www.awf.org/wildlives/118</a>

691207 1

691207

3240449

false

10. The American Zoo and Aquarium Association (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.aza.org/ConScience/ConScienceSSPFact/">http://www.aza.org/ConScience/ConScienceSSPFact/</a>

691208 1

691208

3240449

false

1. IUCN Red List (April, 2009) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>

686144 1

686144

3653266

false

2. Dagg, A. (2005) Pers. Comm.

691200 1

691200

3653266

false

3. Nature Wildlife (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.nature-wildlife.com/girtxt.htm">http://www.nature-wildlife.com/girtxt.htm</a>

691201 1

691201

3653266

false

4. Toronto Zoo (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.torontozoo.com/Animals/details.asp?AnimalId=370Animal">http://www.torontozoo.com/Animals/details.asp?AnimalId=370Animal</a>

691202 1

691202

3653266

false

691203 1

691203

3653266

false

6. The Big Zoo (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/Reticulated_Giraffe.asp">http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/Reticulated_Giraffe.asp</a>

691204 1

691204

3653266

false

691205 1

691205

3653266

false

8. Dagg, A.I. and Foster, J.B. (1976) The Giraffe: Its Biology, Behaviour and Ecology. Van Nost, Reinhold.

691206 1

691206

3653266

false

9. African Wildlife Foundation (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.awf.org/wildlives/118">http://www.awf.org/wildlives/118</a>

691207 1

691207

3653266

false

10. The American Zoo and Aquarium Association (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.aza.org/ConScience/ConScienceSSPFact/">http://www.aza.org/ConScience/ConScienceSSPFact/</a>

691208 1

691208

3653266

false

1. IUCN Red List (April, 2009) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>

686144 1

686144

4023757

false

2. Dagg, A. (2005) Pers. Comm.

691200 1

691200

4023757

false

3. Nature Wildlife (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.nature-wildlife.com/girtxt.htm">http://www.nature-wildlife.com/girtxt.htm</a>

691201 1

691201

4023757

false

4. Toronto Zoo (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.torontozoo.com/Animals/details.asp?AnimalId=370Animal">http://www.torontozoo.com/Animals/details.asp?AnimalId=370Animal</a>

691202 1

691202

4023757

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691203 1

691203

4023757

false

6. The Big Zoo (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/Reticulated_Giraffe.asp">http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/Reticulated_Giraffe.asp</a>

691204 1

691204

4023757

false

691205 1

691205

4023757

false

8. Dagg, A.I. and Foster, J.B. (1976) The Giraffe: Its Biology, Behaviour and Ecology. Van Nost, Reinhold.

691206 1

691206

4023757

false

9. African Wildlife Foundation (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.awf.org/wildlives/118">http://www.awf.org/wildlives/118</a>

691207 1

691207

4023757

false

10. The American Zoo and Aquarium Association (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.aza.org/ConScience/ConScienceSSPFact/">http://www.aza.org/ConScience/ConScienceSSPFact/</a>

691208 1

691208

4023757

false

Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.

730924 1

730924

2391133

false

Clauss et al. (2007) Tooth wear in captive giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis): mesowear analysis classifies free-ranging specimens as browsers but captive ones as grazers. J Zoo Wildl Med, 38:433-445.

730937 1

730937

2391133

false

The giraffe is non-territorial and sociable, forming loose herds with no permanent members in very variable home ranges of between 5 and 650 km² (3). Females tend to associate most with one another when they have young, as the calves tend to play together in crèches (3). Males leave their mothers at around three years, and sometimes form roaming bachelor herds that look for females (cows) in heat (3). Males spar with each other at all ages, standing side by side and swinging their necks to thump their head into the other male's body. These fights can be quite gentle, or quite fierce, sometimes resulting in knocked-out giraffes (2). Mating occurs year-round, peaking in the rainy season, and results in pregnancies lasting 15 months. Females will usually become pregnant for the first time in their fourth year (3). The single calf begins life with a two metre drop, as females give birth standing up (7). The newborn calf is able to stand within 20 minutes and will grow about 2.1 m in its first year. At a year old, young giraffes have been weaned but remain close to them until at least 22 months old, often remaining nearby for life (3). Despite the females' attempts to stand over their calves during attacks by lions, spotted hyenas, leopards and African wild dogs (6), many calves are killed in their first few months (3). Sexual maturity occurs at three to four years in both males and females, but males rarely have the opportunity to mate before seven years old (3). Life expectancy in the wild is 20 years (6).Using its 45 cm prehensile, black tongue, the giraffe rips the thorny leaves from Acacia and Combretum trees and may eat as many as 100 other plant species (3). Reaching higher than any other mammal, the giraffe can eat up to 134 kg of leaves a day, and can ruminate whilst walking (3). These enormous animals do not migrate as they can obtain most of the moisture they need from their diet, but they will drink every two to three days when water is available. It is possible to distinguish the sexes from a distance as males more often extend their heads in line with their necks to reach branches higher than those the females are feeding from, with bent necks (4).With strong eyesight from an elevated position and a good sense of smell, giraffes are often accompanied by zebra and wildebeest which may benefit from the giraffe as an 'early warning system' (8). Whilst it was thought that giraffes did not make any sounds, this is now known to be untrue, as giraffes bellow, snort, hiss and make flute-like sounds, as well as low pitch noises beyond the range of human hearing (3). d54780d8f05d073d7f531f1eb3575fa2 2606938

Wildscreen

ARKive

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ARKive

http://www.arkive.org/ 5978 arkive Location

Source URL

View original data object

http://www.arkive.org/giraffe/giraffa-camelopardalis/ Citation

English cc-by-nc-sa 3.0 Text http://content4.eol.org/content_large.jpg http://content5.eol.org/content_medium.jpg http://content6.eol.org/content_small.jpg

1 Overview 3 Description 290 General Description 302 Nucleotide Sequences 267 Morphology 232 Reproduction and Life History 70 Behavior 4 Ecology and Distribution 20 Distribution 41 Habitat 285 Associations 297 Trophic Strategy 8 Conservation 33 Trends and Threats 286 Conservation Status 6 Relevance 251 Uses 295 Procedures 300 Wikipedia 9 Biodiversity Heritage Library 7 References and More Information 17 Literature References 226 Specialist Projects 298 Biomedical Terms 227 Search the Web 13 Common Names

Animalia

NOT EVALUATED

Animalia

694

Chordata

NOT EVALUATED

Chordata

1642

Mammalia

NOT EVALUATED

Mammalia

7678

Artiodactyla

NOT EVALUATED

Artiodactyla

7684

Giraffidae

NOT EVALUATED

Giraffidae

38813

Giraffa

NOT EVALUATED

Giraffa

308378

Giraffa camelopardalis

Least Concern (LC)

Giraffa camelopardalis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Portland State University, MA Education 7 klans BA Physics - Johns Hopkins University MS Education - Johns Hopkins University ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia 10 peter Ph.D., University of Bristol (1976) D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990) 11 paddy developer 13 pleary 11793 wilsond Asst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006 Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35 PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 2005 20470 jhammock University of Michigan, PhD 1997 Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America. 25567 csparr 33422 mstuder Curator of Zoology (Fishes), Field Museum of Natural History 34360 mwestneat EOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universität Berlin 1989 35200 Katja William Miller, PhD Assistant Professor Baker University Dept. of Biology PO Box 65 Baldwin city, Kansas 66006-0065 35243 WMiller University of California Berkeley 35508 tuco 36197 MarthaTestuser B.A. Zoology, M.S. Embryology/physiology college faculty for 44 years member HAPS (Human Anatomy and Physiology Society) 36558 judyjunkyard Active Member of Wildlife society of Africa, herpetological society of southern Africa and general manager and curator of reptile research and information center (Zebra Country lodge, Cullinan district Pretoria) 37046 Vaughan Scientist National Institutes of Health 38259 saimiri faculty, Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Gables, Fl 33124 AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html 38707 ksealey Associate Professor of Biology, Curator of Mammals and Birds, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point Yahnke CJ, 2006. Habitat use and natural history of small mammals in the Paraguayan chaco. Mastozoologia Neotropical, 13(1);103-116. Yahnke CJ, 2006. Testing optimal foraging theory using bird predation on goldenrod galls. American Biology Teacher, 68(8):471-475. Yahnke CJ, PL Meserve, TG Ksiazek, and JN Mills. 2001. Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan chaco. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65(6):768-776. Yahnke CJ, I Gamarra de Fox, and F Colman. 1998. Mammalian species richness in Paraguay: the effectiveness of national parks in preserving biodiversity. Biological Conservation 84:263-268. Yahnke CJ, J Unger, BA Lohr, DA Meritt, and W Heuschele. 1997. Age specific fecundity, litter size, and sex ratio in the chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri). Zoo Biology 16:301-307. Yahnke, CJ, WE Johnson, E Geffen, D Smith, F Hertel, MS Roy, CF Bonacic, TK Fuller, B Van Valkenburgh, and RK Wayne. 1996. Darwin’s fox: a distinct endangered species in a vanishing habitat. Conservation Biology 10:366-375. Yahnke CJ. 1995. Metachromism and the insight of Wilfred Osgood: evidence of common ancestry for Darwin’s fox and the Sechura fox. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 68:459-467 American Society of Mammalogists National Association of Biology Teachers Sigma XI 39446 cyahnke Emeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64. Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76. Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366. Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D. (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68. Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63. 39544 jrynolds Affiliated with EOL Species Pages Group 39552 lshapiro Staff in a natural history museum Member of a professional society (SECEM) 39803 eliadelom Curator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum) Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. & Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow & Rob van Soest. PDf and website 40160 BernardPicton 0 150 0