308387Okapia johnstoniNear Threatened (NT)<i>Okapia johnstoni</i> (P. L. Sclater, 1901)OkapiarأكابbrOkapicaOcapicyOcapideOkapienOkapieoOkapiofaاکاپیfrOkapiheאוקפיhrOkapihuOkapiidOkapiitOkapia johnstonijaオカピkaოკაპიko오카피ltOkapijamsOkapiocOkapia johnstoniptOcapiruОкапиskOkapia pásaváskOkapia pralesnásrОкапиsvOkapiswOkapitrOkapiBodmer, R.E., and G.B. Rabb. 1992. Okapia johnstoni. Mamm. Species, 422:1-812151112151326185false1Dagg, A.I. 1960. Gaits of the Giraffe and Okapi. Journal of Mammalogy, 41(2):28212152112152326185false1Grzimek, B. 1990. Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. Vol. 5. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New York.12153112153326185false1Kingdon, J. 1979. East African Mammals an Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Vol. 3. Academic Press, London.12154112154326185false1Bodmer, R.E., and G.B. Rabb. 1992. Okapia johnstoni. Mamm. Species, 422:1-8121511121511076112false1Dagg, A.I. 1960. Gaits of the Giraffe and Okapi. Journal of Mammalogy, 41(2):282121521121521076112false1Grzimek, B. 1990. Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. Vol. 5. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New York.121531121531076112false1Kingdon, J. 1979. East African Mammals an Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Vol. 3. Academic Press, London.121541121541076112false1Bodmer, R.E., and G.B. Rabb. 1992. Okapia johnstoni. Mamm. Species, 422:1-8121511121511139950false1Dagg, A.I. 1960. Gaits of the Giraffe and Okapi. Journal of Mammalogy, 41(2):282121521121521139950false1Grzimek, B. 1990. Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. Vol. 5. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New York.121531121531139950false1Kingdon, J. 1979. East African Mammals an Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Vol. 3. Academic Press, London.121541121541139950false11. IUCN Red List (April, 2004) <a href="http://www.redlist.org">http://www.redlist.org</a>68764716876471420328false12. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (April, 2004) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Okapia_johnstoni.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Okapia_johnstoni.html</a>69211516921151420328false13. Lindsey, S. (2005) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69211616921161420328false14. Vevers, G. (1976) <i>London's Zoo</i>. The Bodley Head, London.69211716921171420328false15. Anon, A. (2004) <i>The Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69211816921181420328false16. Hvass, H. (1961) <i>Mammals of the World</i>. Methuen & Co Ltd, London.69211916921191420328false17. Science Daily (April, 2004) <a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/09/970901072246.htm">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/09/970901072246.htm</a>69212016921201420328false11. IUCN Red List (April, 2004) <a href="http://www.redlist.org">http://www.redlist.org</a>68764716876472375466false12. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (April, 2004) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Okapia_johnstoni.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Okapia_johnstoni.html</a>69211516921152375466false13. Lindsey, S. (2005) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69211616921162375466false14. Vevers, G. (1976) <i>London's Zoo</i>. The Bodley Head, London.69211716921172375466false15. Anon, A. (2004) <i>The Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69211816921182375466false16. Hvass, H. (1961) <i>Mammals of the World</i>. Methuen & Co Ltd, London.69211916921192375466false17. Science Daily (April, 2004) <a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/09/970901072246.htm">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/09/970901072246.htm</a>69212016921202375466false11. IUCN Red List (April, 2004) <a href="http://www.redlist.org">http://www.redlist.org</a>68764716876472453519false12. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (April, 2004) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Okapia_johnstoni.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Okapia_johnstoni.html</a>69211516921152453519false13. Lindsey, S. (2005) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69211616921162453519false14. Vevers, G. (1976) <i>London's Zoo</i>. The Bodley Head, London.69211716921172453519false15. Anon, A. (2004) <i>The Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69211816921182453519false16. Hvass, H. (1961) <i>Mammals of the World</i>. Methuen & Co Ltd, London.69211916921192453519false17. Science Daily (April, 2004) <a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/09/970901072246.htm">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/09/970901072246.htm</a>69212016921202453519false11. IUCN Red List (April, 2004) <a href="http://www.redlist.org">http://www.redlist.org</a>68764716876472750071false12. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (April, 2004) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Okapia_johnstoni.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Okapia_johnstoni.html</a>69211516921152750071false13. Lindsey, S. (2005) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69211616921162750071false14. Vevers, G. (1976) <i>London's Zoo</i>. The Bodley Head, London.69211716921172750071false15. Anon, A. (2004) <i>The Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69211816921182750071false16. Hvass, H. (1961) <i>Mammals of the World</i>. Methuen & Co Ltd, London.69211916921192750071false17. Science Daily (April, 2004) <a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/09/970901072246.htm">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/09/970901072246.htm</a>69212016921202750071false11. IUCN Red List (April, 2004) <a href="http://www.redlist.org">http://www.redlist.org</a>68764716876472890855false12. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (April, 2004) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Okapia_johnstoni.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Okapia_johnstoni.html</a>69211516921152890855false13. Lindsey, S. (2005) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69211616921162890855false14. Vevers, G. (1976) <i>London's Zoo</i>. The Bodley Head, London.69211716921172890855false15. Anon, A. (2004) <i>The Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69211816921182890855false16. Hvass, H. (1961) <i>Mammals of the World</i>. Methuen & Co Ltd, London.69211916921192890855false17. Science Daily (April, 2004) <a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/09/970901072246.htm">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/09/970901072246.htm</a>69212016921202890855false11. IUCN Red List (April, 2004) <a href="http://www.redlist.org">http://www.redlist.org</a>68764716876473240519false12. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (April, 2004) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Okapia_johnstoni.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Okapia_johnstoni.html</a>69211516921153240519false13. Lindsey, S. (2005) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69211616921163240519false14. Vevers, G. (1976) <i>London's Zoo</i>. The Bodley Head, London.69211716921173240519false15. Anon, A. (2004) <i>The Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69211816921183240519false16. Hvass, H. (1961) <i>Mammals of the World</i>. Methuen & Co Ltd, London.69211916921193240519false17. Science Daily (April, 2004) <a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/09/970901072246.htm">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/09/970901072246.htm</a>69212016921203240519false11. IUCN Red List (April, 2004) <a href="http://www.redlist.org">http://www.redlist.org</a>68764716876473653336false12. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (April, 2004) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Okapia_johnstoni.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Okapia_johnstoni.html</a>69211516921153653336false13. Lindsey, S. (2005) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69211616921163653336false14. Vevers, G. (1976) <i>London's Zoo</i>. The Bodley Head, London.69211716921173653336false15. Anon, A. (2004) <i>The Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69211816921183653336false16. Hvass, H. (1961) <i>Mammals of the World</i>. Methuen & Co Ltd, London.69211916921193653336false17. Science Daily (April, 2004) <a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/09/970901072246.htm">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/09/970901072246.htm</a>69212016921203653336false11. IUCN Red List (April, 2004) <a href="http://www.redlist.org">http://www.redlist.org</a>68764716876474023829false12. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (April, 2004) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Okapia_johnstoni.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Okapia_johnstoni.html</a>69211516921154023829false13. Lindsey, S. (2005) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69211616921164023829false14. Vevers, G. (1976) <i>London's Zoo</i>. The Bodley Head, London.69211716921174023829false15. Anon, A. (2004) <i>The Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69211816921184023829false16. Hvass, H. (1961) <i>Mammals of the World</i>. Methuen & Co Ltd, London.69211916921194023829false17. Science Daily (April, 2004) <a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/09/970901072246.htm">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/09/970901072246.htm</a>69212016921204023829false1Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.73092417309242391134false1Most of the information about the biology of the okapi is from captive animals (2). They are largely solitary (2) and though once thought to be nocturnal (6), are now known to be active during the day (2). They feed largely on leaves, grasses, fruits and fungi, some of which are known to be poisonous. It has been suggested that this is why okapis eat charcoal from burned forest trees, as is evidenced from their dung (2). Carbon, in the form of charcoal, is an excellent antidote for toxin ingestion and recent observations in Zanzibar found red colobus monkeys eating charcoal from native cooking fires and kilns (7). It is also known that many other animals find sources of kaolin, a type of clay, to offset the effects of poisonous leaves and fruit in their diet.</p><p>Male and female okapi live in home ranges, but they are not territorial and these ranges overlap (3). From observations on captive animals, it appears that male okapis mark their ranges with urine, by crossing their front legs, urinating on them, and then walking through their range. They will also urinate directly onto plants. Both males and females rub their necks against tree trunks (3).</p><p>Mothers will not stray very far after giving birth, so the young okapi will remain close by until at least a few days old, in what is known as a 'follower phase' (3). It then becomes a 'nester' for a number of months, in which it lies in vegetation. During this intensive nesting phase, the calf is extremely efficient in the use of energy, primarily only nursing or sleeping. Towards the end of the intensive nesting phase, the calf can maintain its temperature properly, and so activates its rumens, and defecates for the first time (3). This is thought to be a defence against predators (2). Okapi mothers use infrasonic communication to communicate with their calves. This is sound that is below the range of human hearing – also used by elephants (3).</p><p>The young are weaned at six months old although they may continue to take milk for some time afterwards. The males begin developing their horns at about one year and reach their adult size at the age of three. They are believed to reach sexual maturity around two years old (2). Captive individuals have been known to live for up to 33 years (3).330d2e362f6cfe5d811e75bee5b39cce2608212WildscreenCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008ARKiveCopyrightCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008. Some rights reservedhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/SupplierARKivehttp://www.arkive.org/5978arkiveLocationSource URLView original data objecthttp://www.arkive.org/okapi/okapia-johnstoni/CitationEnglishcc-by-nc-sa 3.0Texthttp://content10.eol.org/content_large.jpghttp://content1.eol.org/content_medium.jpghttp://content2.eol.org/content_small.jpg13290194302267232704204129783328662512953009717226298227131AnimaliaNOT EVALUATEDAnimalia694ChordataNOT EVALUATEDChordata1642MammaliaNOT EVALUATEDMammalia7678ArtiodactylaNOT EVALUATEDArtiodactyla7684GiraffidaeNOT EVALUATEDGiraffidae38815OkapiaNOT EVALUATEDOkapia308387Okapia johnstoniNear Threatened (NT)<i>Okapia johnstoni</i> (P. L. Sclater, 1901)Portland State University, MA Education
7klansBA Physics - Johns Hopkins University
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11paddydeveloper13pleary11793wilsondAsst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
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Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
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Yahnke CJ, 2006. Habitat use and natural history of small mammals in the Paraguayan chaco. Mastozoologia Neotropical, 13(1);103-116.
Yahnke CJ, 2006. Testing optimal foraging theory using bird predation on goldenrod galls. American Biology Teacher, 68(8):471-475.
Yahnke CJ, PL Meserve, TG Ksiazek, and JN Mills. 2001. Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan chaco. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65(6):768-776.
Yahnke CJ, I Gamarra de Fox, and F Colman. 1998. Mammalian species richness in Paraguay: the effectiveness of national parks in preserving biodiversity. Biological Conservation 84:263-268.
Yahnke CJ, J Unger, BA Lohr, DA Meritt, and W Heuschele. 1997. Age specific fecundity, litter size, and sex ratio in the chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri). Zoo Biology 16:301-307.
Yahnke, CJ, WE Johnson, E Geffen, D Smith, F Hertel, MS Roy, CF Bonacic, TK Fuller, B Van Valkenburgh, and RK Wayne. 1996. Darwin’s fox: a distinct endangered species in a vanishing habitat. Conservation Biology 10:366-375.
Yahnke CJ. 1995. Metachromism and the insight of Wilfred Osgood: evidence of common ancestry for Darwin’s fox and the Sechura fox. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 68:459-467
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Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.
Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.
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Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.39544jrynoldsAffiliated with EOL Species Pages Group39552lshapiroStaff in a natural history museum
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