308531Connochaetes taurinusLeast Concern (LC)<i>Connochaetes taurinus</i> (Burchell, 1823)BlueBlue Wildebeestcommon wildebeastBlueBlue Wildebeestcommon wildebeastwhite-bearded gnuafBlouwildebeesbrGnou glascsPakůň žíhanýenBlue & white-bearded wildebeestenBlue WildebeestenBrindled GnuesConnochaetes taurinusfrGnou bleujaオグロヌーltDryžuotoji gnuruГну голубойruполосатыйEstes, R.D. (1991). The Behavior Guide to African Mammals. The University of California Press: Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London.429914299324745false1Kingdon, J. (1989). East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa, Volume III, Part C (Bovids). The University of Chicago Press; Chicago.430014300324745false1Estes, R.D. (1991). The Behavior Guide to African Mammals. The University of California Press: Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London.4299142991074439false1Kingdon, J. (1989). East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa, Volume III, Part C (Bovids). The University of Chicago Press; Chicago.4300143001074439false1Estes, R.D. (1991). The Behavior Guide to African Mammals. The University of California Press: Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London.4299142991138277false1Kingdon, J. (1989). East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa, Volume III, Part C (Bovids). The University of Chicago Press; Chicago.4300143001138277false11. IUCN Red List (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68669916866991420061false15. Alden, P.C., Estes, R.D., Schlitter, D. and McBridge, B. (1996) <i>Collins Guide to African Wildlife</i>. HarperCollins Publishers, London.68769916876991420061false16. Macdonald, D.W. (2006) <i>The Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69004916900491420061false12. Nowak, R.M. (1991) <i>Walker's Mammals of the World</i>. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.69016516901651420061false13. Kingdon, J. (1997) <i>The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals</i>. Academic Press, London.69076316907631420061false14. Estes, R.D. (1992) <i>The Behavior Guide To African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates</i>. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.69076416907641420061false17. African Wildlife Foundation (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/1024/">http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/1024/</a>69076516907651420061false18. Kingdon, J. (1988) <i>East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Volume 3, Part D: Bovids</i>. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.69076616907661420061false19. Mduma, S.A.R., Sinclair, A.R.E. and Hilborn, R. (1999) Food regulates the Serengeti wildebeest: a 40-year record. <i>Journal of Animal Ecology</i>, <b>68</b> (6): 1101 - 1122.69076716907671420061false110. UNEP-WCMC: Serengeti National Park, Tanzania (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Serengeti.pdf">http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Serengeti.pdf</a>69076816907681420061false11. IUCN Red List (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68669916866992375356false15. Alden, P.C., Estes, R.D., Schlitter, D. and McBridge, B. (1996) <i>Collins Guide to African Wildlife</i>. HarperCollins Publishers, London.68769916876992375356false16. Macdonald, D.W. (2006) <i>The Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69004916900492375356false12. Nowak, R.M. (1991) <i>Walker's Mammals of the World</i>. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.69016516901652375356false13. Kingdon, J. (1997) <i>The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals</i>. Academic Press, London.69076316907632375356false14. Estes, R.D. (1992) <i>The Behavior Guide To African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates</i>. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.69076416907642375356false17. African Wildlife Foundation (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/1024/">http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/1024/</a>69076516907652375356false18. Kingdon, J. (1988) <i>East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Volume 3, Part D: Bovids</i>. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.69076616907662375356false19. Mduma, S.A.R., Sinclair, A.R.E. and Hilborn, R. (1999) Food regulates the Serengeti wildebeest: a 40-year record. <i>Journal of Animal Ecology</i>, <b>68</b> (6): 1101 - 1122.69076716907672375356false110. UNEP-WCMC: Serengeti National Park, Tanzania (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Serengeti.pdf">http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Serengeti.pdf</a>69076816907682375356false11. IUCN Red List (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68669916866992453409false15. Alden, P.C., Estes, R.D., Schlitter, D. and McBridge, B. (1996) <i>Collins Guide to African Wildlife</i>. HarperCollins Publishers, London.68769916876992453409false16. Macdonald, D.W. (2006) <i>The Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69004916900492453409false12. Nowak, R.M. (1991) <i>Walker's Mammals of the World</i>. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.69016516901652453409false13. Kingdon, J. (1997) <i>The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals</i>. Academic Press, London.69076316907632453409false14. Estes, R.D. (1992) <i>The Behavior Guide To African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates</i>. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.69076416907642453409false17. African Wildlife Foundation (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/1024/">http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/1024/</a>69076516907652453409false18. Kingdon, J. (1988) <i>East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Volume 3, Part D: Bovids</i>. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.69076616907662453409false19. Mduma, S.A.R., Sinclair, A.R.E. and Hilborn, R. (1999) Food regulates the Serengeti wildebeest: a 40-year record. <i>Journal of Animal Ecology</i>, <b>68</b> (6): 1101 - 1122.69076716907672453409false110. UNEP-WCMC: Serengeti National Park, Tanzania (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Serengeti.pdf">http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Serengeti.pdf</a>69076816907682453409false11. IUCN Red List (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68669916866992749961false15. Alden, P.C., Estes, R.D., Schlitter, D. and McBridge, B. (1996) <i>Collins Guide to African Wildlife</i>. HarperCollins Publishers, London.68769916876992749961false16. Macdonald, D.W. (2006) <i>The Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69004916900492749961false12. Nowak, R.M. (1991) <i>Walker's Mammals of the World</i>. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.69016516901652749961false13. Kingdon, J. (1997) <i>The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals</i>. Academic Press, London.69076316907632749961false14. Estes, R.D. (1992) <i>The Behavior Guide To African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates</i>. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.69076416907642749961false17. African Wildlife Foundation (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/1024/">http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/1024/</a>69076516907652749961false18. Kingdon, J. (1988) <i>East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Volume 3, Part D: Bovids</i>. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.69076616907662749961false19. Mduma, S.A.R., Sinclair, A.R.E. and Hilborn, R. (1999) Food regulates the Serengeti wildebeest: a 40-year record. <i>Journal of Animal Ecology</i>, <b>68</b> (6): 1101 - 1122.69076716907672749961false110. UNEP-WCMC: Serengeti National Park, Tanzania (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Serengeti.pdf">http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Serengeti.pdf</a>69076816907682749961false11. IUCN Red List (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68669916866992890745false15. Alden, P.C., Estes, R.D., Schlitter, D. and McBridge, B. (1996) <i>Collins Guide to African Wildlife</i>. HarperCollins Publishers, London.68769916876992890745false16. Macdonald, D.W. (2006) <i>The Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69004916900492890745false12. Nowak, R.M. (1991) <i>Walker's Mammals of the World</i>. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.69016516901652890745false13. Kingdon, J. (1997) <i>The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals</i>. Academic Press, London.69076316907632890745false14. Estes, R.D. (1992) <i>The Behavior Guide To African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates</i>. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.69076416907642890745false17. African Wildlife Foundation (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/1024/">http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/1024/</a>69076516907652890745false18. Kingdon, J. (1988) <i>East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Volume 3, Part D: Bovids</i>. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.69076616907662890745false19. Mduma, S.A.R., Sinclair, A.R.E. and Hilborn, R. (1999) Food regulates the Serengeti wildebeest: a 40-year record. <i>Journal of Animal Ecology</i>, <b>68</b> (6): 1101 - 1122.69076716907672890745false110. UNEP-WCMC: Serengeti National Park, Tanzania (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Serengeti.pdf">http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Serengeti.pdf</a>69076816907682890745false11. IUCN Red List (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68669916866993240409false15. Alden, P.C., Estes, R.D., Schlitter, D. and McBridge, B. (1996) <i>Collins Guide to African Wildlife</i>. HarperCollins Publishers, London.68769916876993240409false16. Macdonald, D.W. (2006) <i>The Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69004916900493240409false12. Nowak, R.M. (1991) <i>Walker's Mammals of the World</i>. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.69016516901653240409false13. Kingdon, J. (1997) <i>The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals</i>. Academic Press, London.69076316907633240409false14. Estes, R.D. (1992) <i>The Behavior Guide To African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates</i>. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.69076416907643240409false17. African Wildlife Foundation (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/1024/">http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/1024/</a>69076516907653240409false18. Kingdon, J. (1988) <i>East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Volume 3, Part D: Bovids</i>. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.69076616907663240409false19. Mduma, S.A.R., Sinclair, A.R.E. and Hilborn, R. (1999) Food regulates the Serengeti wildebeest: a 40-year record. <i>Journal of Animal Ecology</i>, <b>68</b> (6): 1101 - 1122.69076716907673240409false110. UNEP-WCMC: Serengeti National Park, Tanzania (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Serengeti.pdf">http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Serengeti.pdf</a>69076816907683240409false11. IUCN Red List (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68669916866993653226false15. Alden, P.C., Estes, R.D., Schlitter, D. and McBridge, B. (1996) <i>Collins Guide to African Wildlife</i>. HarperCollins Publishers, London.68769916876993653226false16. Macdonald, D.W. (2006) <i>The Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69004916900493653226false12. Nowak, R.M. (1991) <i>Walker's Mammals of the World</i>. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.69016516901653653226false13. Kingdon, J. (1997) <i>The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals</i>. Academic Press, London.69076316907633653226false14. Estes, R.D. (1992) <i>The Behavior Guide To African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates</i>. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.69076416907643653226false17. African Wildlife Foundation (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/1024/">http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/1024/</a>69076516907653653226false18. Kingdon, J. (1988) <i>East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Volume 3, Part D: Bovids</i>. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.69076616907663653226false19. Mduma, S.A.R., Sinclair, A.R.E. and Hilborn, R. (1999) Food regulates the Serengeti wildebeest: a 40-year record. <i>Journal of Animal Ecology</i>, <b>68</b> (6): 1101 - 1122.69076716907673653226false110. UNEP-WCMC: Serengeti National Park, Tanzania (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Serengeti.pdf">http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Serengeti.pdf</a>69076816907683653226false11. IUCN Red List (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68669916866994023717false15. Alden, P.C., Estes, R.D., Schlitter, D. and McBridge, B. (1996) <i>Collins Guide to African Wildlife</i>. HarperCollins Publishers, London.68769916876994023717false16. Macdonald, D.W. (2006) <i>The Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69004916900494023717false12. Nowak, R.M. (1991) <i>Walker's Mammals of the World</i>. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.69016516901654023717false13. Kingdon, J. (1997) <i>The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals</i>. Academic Press, London.69076316907634023717false14. Estes, R.D. (1992) <i>The Behavior Guide To African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates</i>. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.69076416907644023717false17. African Wildlife Foundation (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/1024/">http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/1024/</a>69076516907654023717false18. Kingdon, J. (1988) <i>East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Volume 3, Part D: Bovids</i>. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.69076616907664023717false19. Mduma, S.A.R., Sinclair, A.R.E. and Hilborn, R. (1999) Food regulates the Serengeti wildebeest: a 40-year record. <i>Journal of Animal Ecology</i>, <b>68</b> (6): 1101 - 1122.69076716907674023717false110. UNEP-WCMC: Serengeti National Park, Tanzania (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Serengeti.pdf">http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Serengeti.pdf</a>69076816907684023717false1Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.73092417309242391023false1The blue wildebeest is a grazer, its broad mouth adapted to bulk feeding on short grass. However, its dependence on short grass, together with its need to drink at least every other day, limits the species to moist grassland and to areas within reach of water (4) (8), although interestingly it is also known to survive in waterless regions of the Kalahari by feeding on melons and water-storing roots and tubers (4). The need to follow seasonal grazing and water supplies leads the blue wildebeest to form some of the largest migratory herds of all antelopes, with those in the Serengeti-Masai Mara ecosystem of Kenya and Tanzania forming part of the world's largest remaining aggregations of large land mammals (4). However, not all wildebeest migrate, with some remaining in the same area year-round, generally forming small herds of up to ten females plus immature offspring (2) (4). The females in these herds tend to establish dominance hierarchies and harass any outsiders who attempt to join. In contrast, the only stable associations in migratory herds are between a female and offspring. Depending on the environmental conditions, different blue wildebeest populations, and even the same population at different times, may show every variation between these social extremes (4).</p><p>The blue wildebeest has an unusually restricted breeding season. Around 80 to 90 percent of calves are born within a two to three week period, usually at the start of the rains, when conditions are most favourable (2) (4). This also helps to protect the calves by creating a glut for predators. The female blue wildebeest gives birth annually, to a single calf, after a gestation period of around eight months. The calf follows the female from the moment it can stand, usually within 15 minutes of birth, and is weaned by nine months (2). The young male is pushed out of the herd by territorial males after the first year, after which it joins a bachelor herd, which may also contain older and non-territorial males (2) (4). After reaching sexual maturity at three to four years old, the male becomes solitary and attempts to establish its own territory, which may be temporary in migratory populations, or may be continuously occupied and defended for years (2). Territorial competition between males typically involves ritualised displays, pushing with the horns, and the loud 'ge-nu' call that gives the wildebeest its other name, the gnu (2) (6). The lifespan of the blue wildebeest is around 20 years in the wild (3).5e6a37dfedef57f0e41f65070296753d2606343WildscreenCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008ARKiveCopyrightCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008. Some rights reservedhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/SupplierARKivehttp://www.arkive.org/5978arkiveLocationSource URLView original data objecthttp://www.arkive.org/blue-wildebeest/connochaetes-taurinus/CitationEnglishcc-by-nc-sa 3.0Texthttp://content9.eol.org/content_large.jpghttp://content10.eol.org/content_medium.jpghttp://content1.eol.org/content_small.jpg13290302267232704204129783328662512953009717226298227131AnimaliaNOT EVALUATEDAnimalia694ChordataNOT EVALUATEDChordata1642MammaliaNOT EVALUATEDMammalia7678ArtiodactylaNOT EVALUATEDArtiodactyla7687BovidaeNOT EVALUATEDBovidae38830ConnochaetesNOT EVALUATEDConnochaetes308531Connochaetes taurinusLeast Concern (LC)<i>Connochaetes taurinus</i> (Burchell, 1823)Portland State University, MA Education
7klansBA Physics - Johns Hopkins University
MS Education - Johns Hopkins University
ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia
10peterPh.D., University of Bristol (1976)
D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
11paddydeveloper13pleary11793wilsondAsst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 200520470jhammockUniversity of Michigan, PhD 1997
Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America.25567csparr33422mstuderCurator of Zoology (Fishes), Field Museum of Natural History34360mwestneatEOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universität Berlin 198935200KatjaWilliam Miller, PhD
Assistant Professor
Baker University
Dept. of Biology
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Baldwin city, Kansas
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35243WMillerUniversity of California Berkeley
35508tuco36197MarthaTestuserB.A. Zoology, M.S. Embryology/physiology
college faculty for 44 years
member HAPS (Human Anatomy and Physiology Society)36558judyjunkyardActive Member of Wildlife society of Africa, herpetological society of southern Africa and general manager and curator of reptile research and information center (Zebra Country lodge, Cullinan district Pretoria)37046VaughanScientist National Institutes of Health38259saimirifaculty, Department of Biology
University of Miami
Coral Gables, Fl 33124
AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi
http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html38707ksealeyAssociate Professor of Biology, Curator of Mammals and Birds, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point
Yahnke CJ, 2006. Habitat use and natural history of small mammals in the Paraguayan chaco. Mastozoologia Neotropical, 13(1);103-116.
Yahnke CJ, 2006. Testing optimal foraging theory using bird predation on goldenrod galls. American Biology Teacher, 68(8):471-475.
Yahnke CJ, PL Meserve, TG Ksiazek, and JN Mills. 2001. Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan chaco. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65(6):768-776.
Yahnke CJ, I Gamarra de Fox, and F Colman. 1998. Mammalian species richness in Paraguay: the effectiveness of national parks in preserving biodiversity. Biological Conservation 84:263-268.
Yahnke CJ, J Unger, BA Lohr, DA Meritt, and W Heuschele. 1997. Age specific fecundity, litter size, and sex ratio in the chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri). Zoo Biology 16:301-307.
Yahnke, CJ, WE Johnson, E Geffen, D Smith, F Hertel, MS Roy, CF Bonacic, TK Fuller, B Van Valkenburgh, and RK Wayne. 1996. Darwin’s fox: a distinct endangered species in a vanishing habitat. Conservation Biology 10:366-375.
Yahnke CJ. 1995. Metachromism and the insight of Wilfred Osgood: evidence of common ancestry for Darwin’s fox and the Sechura fox. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 68:459-467
American Society of Mammalogists
National Association of Biology Teachers
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39446cyahnkeEmeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin
Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.
Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.
Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.
Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D. (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.
Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.39544jrynoldsAffiliated with EOL Species Pages Group39552lshapiroStaff in a natural history museum
Member of a professional society (SECEM)39803eliadelomCurator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum)
Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. & Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow & Rob van Soest. PDf and website40160BernardPicton0460