311570Hyaena hyaenaNear Threatened (NT)<i>Hyaena hyaena</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)arضبع مخططcsHyena žíhanádeStreifenhyäneenBarbary hyaenaenStriped hyaenaenStriped HyenaesHyaena hyaenafiJuovahyeenafrHyène rayéeheצבוע מפוספסhuCsíkos hiénako줄무늬하이에나nlGestreepte hyenanoStripehyeneptHiena-riscadataகழுதைப்புலிtrÇizgili sırtlanEstes, Richard Despard. 1991. The Behavior Guide to African Mammals. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.789717897325429false1Fox, M.W. 1971. Ontogeny of a Social Display in Hyaena hyaena: Anal Protrusion. Journal of Mammalogy 52: 467-469.789817898325429false1Kruuk, Hans. 1976. Feeding and social behavior of the striped hyena (Hyaena vulgaris Desmarest). East African Wildlife Journal 14: 91-111.789917899325429false1van Aarde, R.J., J.D. Skinner, M.H. Knight, and D.C. Skinner. 1988. Range use by a striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in the Negav Desert. Journal of Zoology 216: 575-577.790017900325429false1Walker, Ernest P. 1975. Mammals of the World, Third Edition, Volume II. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.790117901325429false1Estes, Richard Despard. 1991. The Behavior Guide to African Mammals. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.7897178971075246false1Fox, M.W. 1971. Ontogeny of a Social Display in Hyaena hyaena: Anal Protrusion. Journal of Mammalogy 52: 467-469.7898178981075246false1Kruuk, Hans. 1976. Feeding and social behavior of the striped hyena (Hyaena vulgaris Desmarest). East African Wildlife Journal 14: 91-111.7899178991075246false1van Aarde, R.J., J.D. Skinner, M.H. Knight, and D.C. Skinner. 1988. Range use by a striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in the Negav Desert. Journal of Zoology 216: 575-577.7900179001075246false1Walker, Ernest P. 1975. Mammals of the World, Third Edition, Volume II. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.7901179011075246false1Estes, Richard Despard. 1991. The Behavior Guide to African Mammals. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.7897178971139084false1Fox, M.W. 1971. Ontogeny of a Social Display in Hyaena hyaena: Anal Protrusion. Journal of Mammalogy 52: 467-469.7898178981139084false1Kruuk, Hans. 1976. Feeding and social behavior of the striped hyena (Hyaena vulgaris Desmarest). East African Wildlife Journal 14: 91-111.7899178991139084false1van Aarde, R.J., J.D. Skinner, M.H. Knight, and D.C. Skinner. 1988. Range use by a striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in the Negav Desert. Journal of Zoology 216: 575-577.7900179001139084false1Walker, Ernest P. 1975. Mammals of the World, Third Edition, Volume II. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.7901179011139084false11. IUCN Red List (December, 2007) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68688516868851420178false12. Kingdon, J. (1997) <i>The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals</i>. Academic Press Ltd, London.69013516901351420178false16. Stuart, C. and Stuart, T. (1997) <i>Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Africa</i>. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.69014316901431420178false13. Mills, M.G.L. and Hofer, H. (1998) <i>Hyaenas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan</i>. IUCN/SSC Hyaena Specialist Group, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.69138216913821420178false14. Mills, M.G.M. and Bearder, S.K. (2006) Hyena Family. In: Macdonald, D.W. Ed. <i>The Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69138316913831420178false15. Wagner, A.P. (2008) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69138416913841420178false17. Leakey, L.N., Milledge, S.A.H., Leakey, S.M., Edung, J., Haynes, P., Kiptoo, D.K. and McGeorge, A. (1999) Diet of striped hyaena in northern Kenya. <i>African Journal of Ecology</i>, <b>37</b> (3): 314 - 326.69138516913851420178false18. UNEP-WCMC: Ranthambore National Park (December, 2007) <a href="http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/pa/0155v.htm">http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/pa/0155v.htm</a>69138616913861420178false19. UNEP-WCMC: Serengeti National Park (December, 2007) <a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/156">http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/156</a>69138716913871420178false11. IUCN Red List (December, 2007) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68688516868852375410false12. Kingdon, J. (1997) <i>The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals</i>. Academic Press Ltd, London.69013516901352375410false16. Stuart, C. and Stuart, T. (1997) <i>Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Africa</i>. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.69014316901432375410false13. Mills, M.G.L. and Hofer, H. (1998) <i>Hyaenas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan</i>. IUCN/SSC Hyaena Specialist Group, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.69138216913822375410false14. Mills, M.G.M. and Bearder, S.K. (2006) Hyena Family. In: Macdonald, D.W. Ed. <i>The Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69138316913832375410false15. Wagner, A.P. (2008) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69138416913842375410false17. Leakey, L.N., Milledge, S.A.H., Leakey, S.M., Edung, J., Haynes, P., Kiptoo, D.K. and McGeorge, A. (1999) Diet of striped hyaena in northern Kenya. <i>African Journal of Ecology</i>, <b>37</b> (3): 314 - 326.69138516913852375410false18. UNEP-WCMC: Ranthambore National Park (December, 2007) <a href="http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/pa/0155v.htm">http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/pa/0155v.htm</a>69138616913862375410false19. UNEP-WCMC: Serengeti National Park (December, 2007) <a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/156">http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/156</a>69138716913872375410false11. IUCN Red List (December, 2007) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68688516868852453463false12. Kingdon, J. (1997) <i>The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals</i>. Academic Press Ltd, London.69013516901352453463false16. Stuart, C. and Stuart, T. (1997) <i>Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Africa</i>. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.69014316901432453463false13. Mills, M.G.L. and Hofer, H. (1998) <i>Hyaenas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan</i>. IUCN/SSC Hyaena Specialist Group, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.69138216913822453463false14. Mills, M.G.M. and Bearder, S.K. (2006) Hyena Family. In: Macdonald, D.W. Ed. <i>The Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69138316913832453463false15. Wagner, A.P. (2008) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69138416913842453463false17. Leakey, L.N., Milledge, S.A.H., Leakey, S.M., Edung, J., Haynes, P., Kiptoo, D.K. and McGeorge, A. (1999) Diet of striped hyaena in northern Kenya. <i>African Journal of Ecology</i>, <b>37</b> (3): 314 - 326.69138516913852453463false18. UNEP-WCMC: Ranthambore National Park (December, 2007) <a href="http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/pa/0155v.htm">http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/pa/0155v.htm</a>69138616913862453463false19. UNEP-WCMC: Serengeti National Park (December, 2007) <a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/156">http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/156</a>69138716913872453463false11. IUCN Red List (December, 2007) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68688516868852750015false12. Kingdon, J. (1997) <i>The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals</i>. Academic Press Ltd, London.69013516901352750015false16. Stuart, C. and Stuart, T. (1997) <i>Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Africa</i>. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.69014316901432750015false13. Mills, M.G.L. and Hofer, H. (1998) <i>Hyaenas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan</i>. IUCN/SSC Hyaena Specialist Group, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.69138216913822750015false14. Mills, M.G.M. and Bearder, S.K. (2006) Hyena Family. In: Macdonald, D.W. Ed. <i>The Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69138316913832750015false15. Wagner, A.P. (2008) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69138416913842750015false17. Leakey, L.N., Milledge, S.A.H., Leakey, S.M., Edung, J., Haynes, P., Kiptoo, D.K. and McGeorge, A. (1999) Diet of striped hyaena in northern Kenya. <i>African Journal of Ecology</i>, <b>37</b> (3): 314 - 326.69138516913852750015false18. UNEP-WCMC: Ranthambore National Park (December, 2007) <a href="http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/pa/0155v.htm">http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/pa/0155v.htm</a>69138616913862750015false19. UNEP-WCMC: Serengeti National Park (December, 2007) <a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/156">http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/156</a>69138716913872750015false11. IUCN Red List (December, 2007) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68688516868852890799false12. Kingdon, J. (1997) <i>The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals</i>. Academic Press Ltd, London.69013516901352890799false16. Stuart, C. and Stuart, T. (1997) <i>Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Africa</i>. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.69014316901432890799false13. Mills, M.G.L. and Hofer, H. (1998) <i>Hyaenas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan</i>. IUCN/SSC Hyaena Specialist Group, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.69138216913822890799false14. Mills, M.G.M. and Bearder, S.K. (2006) Hyena Family. In: Macdonald, D.W. Ed. <i>The Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69138316913832890799false15. Wagner, A.P. (2008) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69138416913842890799false17. Leakey, L.N., Milledge, S.A.H., Leakey, S.M., Edung, J., Haynes, P., Kiptoo, D.K. and McGeorge, A. (1999) Diet of striped hyaena in northern Kenya. <i>African Journal of Ecology</i>, <b>37</b> (3): 314 - 326.69138516913852890799false18. UNEP-WCMC: Ranthambore National Park (December, 2007) <a href="http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/pa/0155v.htm">http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/pa/0155v.htm</a>69138616913862890799false19. UNEP-WCMC: Serengeti National Park (December, 2007) <a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/156">http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/156</a>69138716913872890799false11. IUCN Red List (December, 2007) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68688516868853240463false12. Kingdon, J. (1997) <i>The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals</i>. Academic Press Ltd, London.69013516901353240463false16. Stuart, C. and Stuart, T. (1997) <i>Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Africa</i>. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.69014316901433240463false13. Mills, M.G.L. and Hofer, H. (1998) <i>Hyaenas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan</i>. IUCN/SSC Hyaena Specialist Group, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.69138216913823240463false14. Mills, M.G.M. and Bearder, S.K. (2006) Hyena Family. In: Macdonald, D.W. Ed. <i>The Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69138316913833240463false15. Wagner, A.P. (2008) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69138416913843240463false17. Leakey, L.N., Milledge, S.A.H., Leakey, S.M., Edung, J., Haynes, P., Kiptoo, D.K. and McGeorge, A. (1999) Diet of striped hyaena in northern Kenya. <i>African Journal of Ecology</i>, <b>37</b> (3): 314 - 326.69138516913853240463false18. UNEP-WCMC: Ranthambore National Park (December, 2007) <a href="http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/pa/0155v.htm">http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/pa/0155v.htm</a>69138616913863240463false19. UNEP-WCMC: Serengeti National Park (December, 2007) <a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/156">http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/156</a>69138716913873240463false11. IUCN Red List (December, 2007) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68688516868853653280false12. Kingdon, J. (1997) <i>The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals</i>. Academic Press Ltd, London.69013516901353653280false16. Stuart, C. and Stuart, T. (1997) <i>Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Africa</i>. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.69014316901433653280false13. Mills, M.G.L. and Hofer, H. (1998) <i>Hyaenas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan</i>. IUCN/SSC Hyaena Specialist Group, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.69138216913823653280false14. Mills, M.G.M. and Bearder, S.K. (2006) Hyena Family. In: Macdonald, D.W. Ed. <i>The Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69138316913833653280false15. Wagner, A.P. (2008) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69138416913843653280false17. Leakey, L.N., Milledge, S.A.H., Leakey, S.M., Edung, J., Haynes, P., Kiptoo, D.K. and McGeorge, A. (1999) Diet of striped hyaena in northern Kenya. <i>African Journal of Ecology</i>, <b>37</b> (3): 314 - 326.69138516913853653280false18. UNEP-WCMC: Ranthambore National Park (December, 2007) <a href="http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/pa/0155v.htm">http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/pa/0155v.htm</a>69138616913863653280false19. UNEP-WCMC: Serengeti National Park (December, 2007) <a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/156">http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/156</a>69138716913873653280false11. IUCN Red List (December, 2007) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68688516868854023771false12. Kingdon, J. (1997) <i>The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals</i>. Academic Press Ltd, London.69013516901354023771false16. Stuart, C. and Stuart, T. (1997) <i>Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Africa</i>. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.69014316901434023771false13. Mills, M.G.L. and Hofer, H. (1998) <i>Hyaenas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan</i>. IUCN/SSC Hyaena Specialist Group, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.69138216913824023771false14. Mills, M.G.M. and Bearder, S.K. (2006) Hyena Family. In: Macdonald, D.W. Ed. <i>The Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69138316913834023771false15. Wagner, A.P. (2008) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69138416913844023771false17. Leakey, L.N., Milledge, S.A.H., Leakey, S.M., Edung, J., Haynes, P., Kiptoo, D.K. and McGeorge, A. (1999) Diet of striped hyaena in northern Kenya. <i>African Journal of Ecology</i>, <b>37</b> (3): 314 - 326.69138516913854023771false18. UNEP-WCMC: Ranthambore National Park (December, 2007) <a href="http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/pa/0155v.htm">http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/pa/0155v.htm</a>69138616913864023771false19. UNEP-WCMC: Serengeti National Park (December, 2007) <a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/156">http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/156</a>69138716913874023771false1Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.73092417309242391247false1The striped hyena is a well-studied animal; however, what is understood about the behaviour and ecology of the striped hyena is largely limited to studies undertaken in Kenya, Tanzania and Israel. There are anecdotal reports that elsewhere, such as east of Israel, their ecology could be substantially different (5).</p><p>The striped hyena is most frequently seen singly or in pairs, although groups of up to seven can occur (3). Social contact is limited by the need to forage alone over very large ranges, which they do so under the cover of night (2) (6). When moving around regularly used paths within their territory, grass stalks are marked with a secretion from the anal pouch (2) (4), leaving a clear sign to any intruders of the owner's presence (4). If neighbouring hyenas do happen to meet, they fluff out their fur and erect their crest in an attempt to look intimidating and fights may erupt in which they nip at each others thick necks (2).</p><p>The striped hyena is omnivorous and will feed opportunistically on almost anything it comes across as it roams great distances at night (2) (6). This includes seeds, leaves, fruits, insects, birds, fish, and many species of mammal (7). A competent hunter, a single striped hyena is known to be capable of killing prey up to the size of a donkey, and can even kill and eat tortoises despite their protective shell. It is rarely a fast enough runner to catch quick and alert animals, but can stalk and seize unaware hares, foxes and rodents. Striped hyenas also scavenge, feeding on scraps from garbage dumps in some areas (2).</p><p>Female striped hyenas give birth to litters of one to four cubs after a gestation of 90 to 91 days (3). They give birth in a rocky den or a burrow, preferably dug by another animal (6). The hyena cubs open their eyes after seven to eight days, their teeth erupt after 21 days, and they begin to eat meat at an age of 30 days (3). The young cubs may suckle for up to a year (3), while they learn important foraging skills from their mother (2).2ad74875d45494d89bc9ba2b9f52bc872607162WildscreenCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008ARKiveCopyrightCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008. Some rights reservedhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/SupplierARKivehttp://www.arkive.org/5978arkiveLocationSource URLView original data objecthttp://www.arkive.org/striped-hyena/hyaena-hyaena/CitationEnglishcc-by-nc-sa 3.0Texthttp://content9.eol.org/content_large.jpghttp://content10.eol.org/content_medium.jpghttp://content1.eol.org/content_small.jpg13290302267232704204129783328662512953009717226298227131AnimaliaNOT EVALUATEDAnimalia694ChordataNOT EVALUATEDChordata1642MammaliaNOT EVALUATEDMammalia7662CarnivoraNOT EVALUATEDCarnivora7672HyaenidaeNOT EVALUATEDHyaenidae39396HyaenaNOT EVALUATEDHyaena311570Hyaena hyaenaNear Threatened (NT)<i>Hyaena hyaena</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)Portland State University, MA Education
7klansBA Physics - Johns Hopkins University
MS Education - Johns Hopkins University
ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia
10peterPh.D., University of Bristol (1976)
D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
11paddydeveloper13pleary11793wilsondAsst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 200520470jhammockUniversity of Michigan, PhD 1997
Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America.25567csparr33422mstuderCurator of Zoology (Fishes), Field Museum of Natural History34360mwestneatEOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universität Berlin 198935200KatjaWilliam Miller, PhD
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35508tuco36197MarthaTestuserPh.D. Candidate from the University of Kent at Canterbury, memeber of the Society for Conservation Biology36377kamus42B.A. Zoology, M.S. Embryology/physiology
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http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html38707ksealeyAssociate Professor of Biology, Curator of Mammals and Birds, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point
Yahnke CJ, 2006. Habitat use and natural history of small mammals in the Paraguayan chaco. Mastozoologia Neotropical, 13(1);103-116.
Yahnke CJ, 2006. Testing optimal foraging theory using bird predation on goldenrod galls. American Biology Teacher, 68(8):471-475.
Yahnke CJ, PL Meserve, TG Ksiazek, and JN Mills. 2001. Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan chaco. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65(6):768-776.
Yahnke CJ, I Gamarra de Fox, and F Colman. 1998. Mammalian species richness in Paraguay: the effectiveness of national parks in preserving biodiversity. Biological Conservation 84:263-268.
Yahnke CJ, J Unger, BA Lohr, DA Meritt, and W Heuschele. 1997. Age specific fecundity, litter size, and sex ratio in the chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri). Zoo Biology 16:301-307.
Yahnke, CJ, WE Johnson, E Geffen, D Smith, F Hertel, MS Roy, CF Bonacic, TK Fuller, B Van Valkenburgh, and RK Wayne. 1996. Darwin’s fox: a distinct endangered species in a vanishing habitat. Conservation Biology 10:366-375.
Yahnke CJ. 1995. Metachromism and the insight of Wilfred Osgood: evidence of common ancestry for Darwin’s fox and the Sechura fox. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 68:459-467
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Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.
Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.
Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.
Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D. (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.
Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.39544jrynoldsAffiliated with EOL Species Pages Group39552lshapiroStaff in a natural history museum
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Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. & Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow & Rob van Soest. PDf and website40160BernardPicton0190