<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<taxon-page>
  <id type="integer">318853</id>
  <canonical-form>Homarus americanus</canonical-form>
  <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
  <scientific-name>&lt;i&gt;Homarus americanus&lt;/i&gt; H. Milne Edwards, 1837</scientific-name>
  <common-names>
    <item>
      <language_label></language_label>
      <string>American lobster</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>da</language_label>
      <string>Amerikansk hummer</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>de</language_label>
      <string>Amerikanischer Hummer</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>American lobster</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>American lobster (German: Amerikanische Hummer)</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>blackshell</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>blueshells</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>buckle shell</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>crack backer</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>hard shell lobster</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>Maine Lobster</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>New England Lobster</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>new shell</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>northern lobster</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>old shell lobster</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>paper shell</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>rubber shell</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>shadow</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>shedder</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>soft shell</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>es</language_label>
      <string>Bogavante</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>es</language_label>
      <string>Bogavante americano</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>es</language_label>
      <string>Lubrigante</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>fr</language_label>
      <string>Homard</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>fr</language_label>
      <string>Homard Am&#233;ricain</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>fr</language_label>
      <string>Homarus americanus</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>it</language_label>
      <string>Astice americano</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>it</language_label>
      <string>Homarus americanus</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>nl</language_label>
      <string>Amerikaanse zeekreeft</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>nn</language_label>
      <string>Amerikansk hummar</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>pt</language_label>
      <string>Lavagante americano</string>
    </item>
  </common-names>
  <taxa>
    <refs type="array">
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Author unknown, 2003. &quot;Encyclopedia Britanica Online&quot; (On-line). Accessed May 6, 2003 at http://search.eb.com/eb/article?eu=49836&amp;hook=253694#253694.hook .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230261</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230261</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">614160</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Author unknown, 2001. The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago, IL: World Book Inc..</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230262</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230262</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">614160</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Banister, K., A. Campbell. 1985. The Encyclopedia of Aquatic Life. New York City, New York: Facts On File, Inc..</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230263</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230263</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">614160</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Bliss, D. 1990. Shrimps, Lobsters and Crabs; Thier Fascinating Life Story. New York City, New York: Columbia University Press.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230264</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230264</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">614160</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Grzimek, D. 1972. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. New York City, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230265</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230265</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">614160</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Gulf of Maine Aquarium, 1999. &quot;Lobsters&quot; (On-line). Accessed May 7, 2003 at http://www.gma.org/lobsters/ .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230266</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230266</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">614160</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Karavanich, C., J. Atema. 1998. Individual Recognition and Memory in Lobster Dominance. Animal Behaviour, Vol 56 Issue 6: 1553-1560.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230267</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230267</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">614160</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Romanosky, K. 2000c. &quot;The American Lobster: Frequently Asked Questions&quot; (On-line). Accessed May 13, 2003 at http://www.parl.ns.ca/lobster/faq.htm .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230268</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230268</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">614160</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Romanowsky, K. 2000a. &quot;The American Lobster: Overview of Homarus americanus: The American Lobster&quot; (On-line). Accessed May 7, 2003 at http://www.parl.ns.ca/lobster/overview.htm .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230269</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230269</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">614160</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Romanowsky, K. 2000b. &quot;The American Lobster: Conservation and Preservation&quot; (On-line). Accessed May 7, 2003 at http://www.parl.ns.ca/lobster/conservation.htm .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230270</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230270</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">614160</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>The Lobster Conservancy, 2003. &quot;The Lobster Conservancy: Sustaining a thriving lobster fishery through science and community&quot; (On-line). Accessed (Date Unknown) at http://www.lobsters.org/ .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230271</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230271</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">614160</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Walsh, R. July-August 2000. The Lobster Pickle. Natural History, Vol 109 Issue 6: 72-74.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230272</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230272</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">614160</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Whale, R. July 1993. Gimme Shelter. Natural History, Vol 102 Issue 7: 42-48.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230273</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230273</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">614160</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Author unknown, 1994. B. Johnston, ed. Colliers Encyclopedia. New York City, New York: Colliers.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230274</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230274</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">614160</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
    </refs>
    <refs type="array">
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Author unknown, 2003. &quot;Encyclopedia Britanica Online&quot; (On-line). Accessed May 6, 2003 at http://search.eb.com/eb/article?eu=49836&amp;hook=253694#253694.hook .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230261</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230261</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1075239</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Author unknown, 2001. The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago, IL: World Book Inc..</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230262</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230262</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1075239</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Banister, K., A. Campbell. 1985. The Encyclopedia of Aquatic Life. New York City, New York: Facts On File, Inc..</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230263</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230263</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1075239</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Bliss, D. 1990. Shrimps, Lobsters and Crabs; Thier Fascinating Life Story. New York City, New York: Columbia University Press.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230264</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230264</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1075239</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Grzimek, D. 1972. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. New York City, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230265</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230265</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1075239</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Gulf of Maine Aquarium, 1999. &quot;Lobsters&quot; (On-line). Accessed May 7, 2003 at http://www.gma.org/lobsters/ .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230266</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230266</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1075239</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Karavanich, C., J. Atema. 1998. Individual Recognition and Memory in Lobster Dominance. Animal Behaviour, Vol 56 Issue 6: 1553-1560.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230267</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230267</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1075239</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Romanosky, K. 2000c. &quot;The American Lobster: Frequently Asked Questions&quot; (On-line). Accessed May 13, 2003 at http://www.parl.ns.ca/lobster/faq.htm .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230268</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230268</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1075239</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Romanowsky, K. 2000a. &quot;The American Lobster: Overview of Homarus americanus: The American Lobster&quot; (On-line). Accessed May 7, 2003 at http://www.parl.ns.ca/lobster/overview.htm .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230269</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230269</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1075239</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Romanowsky, K. 2000b. &quot;The American Lobster: Conservation and Preservation&quot; (On-line). Accessed May 7, 2003 at http://www.parl.ns.ca/lobster/conservation.htm .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230270</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230270</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1075239</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>The Lobster Conservancy, 2003. &quot;The Lobster Conservancy: Sustaining a thriving lobster fishery through science and community&quot; (On-line). Accessed (Date Unknown) at http://www.lobsters.org/ .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230271</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230271</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1075239</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Walsh, R. July-August 2000. The Lobster Pickle. Natural History, Vol 109 Issue 6: 72-74.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230272</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230272</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1075239</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Whale, R. July 1993. Gimme Shelter. Natural History, Vol 102 Issue 7: 42-48.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230273</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230273</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1075239</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Author unknown, 1994. B. Johnston, ed. Colliers Encyclopedia. New York City, New York: Colliers.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230274</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230274</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1075239</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
    </refs>
    <refs type="array">
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Author unknown, 2003. &quot;Encyclopedia Britanica Online&quot; (On-line). Accessed May 6, 2003 at http://search.eb.com/eb/article?eu=49836&amp;hook=253694#253694.hook .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230261</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230261</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1139077</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Author unknown, 2001. The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago, IL: World Book Inc..</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230262</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230262</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1139077</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Banister, K., A. Campbell. 1985. The Encyclopedia of Aquatic Life. New York City, New York: Facts On File, Inc..</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230263</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230263</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1139077</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Bliss, D. 1990. Shrimps, Lobsters and Crabs; Thier Fascinating Life Story. New York City, New York: Columbia University Press.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230264</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230264</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1139077</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Grzimek, D. 1972. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. New York City, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230265</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230265</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1139077</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Gulf of Maine Aquarium, 1999. &quot;Lobsters&quot; (On-line). Accessed May 7, 2003 at http://www.gma.org/lobsters/ .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230266</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230266</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1139077</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Karavanich, C., J. Atema. 1998. Individual Recognition and Memory in Lobster Dominance. Animal Behaviour, Vol 56 Issue 6: 1553-1560.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230267</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230267</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1139077</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Romanosky, K. 2000c. &quot;The American Lobster: Frequently Asked Questions&quot; (On-line). Accessed May 13, 2003 at http://www.parl.ns.ca/lobster/faq.htm .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230268</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230268</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1139077</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Romanowsky, K. 2000a. &quot;The American Lobster: Overview of Homarus americanus: The American Lobster&quot; (On-line). Accessed May 7, 2003 at http://www.parl.ns.ca/lobster/overview.htm .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230269</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230269</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1139077</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Romanowsky, K. 2000b. &quot;The American Lobster: Conservation and Preservation&quot; (On-line). Accessed May 7, 2003 at http://www.parl.ns.ca/lobster/conservation.htm .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230270</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230270</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1139077</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>The Lobster Conservancy, 2003. &quot;The Lobster Conservancy: Sustaining a thriving lobster fishery through science and community&quot; (On-line). Accessed (Date Unknown) at http://www.lobsters.org/ .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230271</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230271</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1139077</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Walsh, R. July-August 2000. The Lobster Pickle. Natural History, Vol 109 Issue 6: 72-74.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">230272</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">230272</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1139077</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Whale, R. July 1993. Gimme Shelter. Natural History, Vol 102 Issue 7: 42-48.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Author unknown, 1994. B. Johnston, ed. Colliers Encyclopedia. New York City, New York: Colliers.</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">1</published>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Chan, T. (2009). &lt;i&gt;Homarus americanus&lt;/i&gt; H. Milne Edwards, 1837. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=156134 on 2010-01-11</full-reference>
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    <refs type="array">
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Caleb Finch (1990) Longevity, Senescence, and the Genome. University of Chicago Press: Chicago.</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">1</published>
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  <overview>
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  <table-of-contents>
    <item>
      <id>3</id>
      <label>Description</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>302</id>
      <label>Nucleotide Sequences</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>267</id>
      <label>Morphology</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>232</id>
      <label>Reproduction and Life History</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>70</id>
      <label>Behavior</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>4</id>
      <label>Ecology and Distribution</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>20</id>
      <label>Distribution</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>41</id>
      <label>Habitat</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>285</id>
      <label>Associations</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>297</id>
      <label>Trophic Strategy</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>8</id>
      <label>Conservation</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>286</id>
      <label>Conservation Status</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>6</id>
      <label>Relevance</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>251</id>
      <label>Uses</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>300</id>
      <label>Wikipedia</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>9</id>
      <label>Biodiversity Heritage Library</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>7</id>
      <label>References and More Information</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>17</id>
      <label>Literature References</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>226</id>
      <label>Specialist Projects</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>298</id>
      <label>Biomedical Terms</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>227</id>
      <label>Search the Web</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>13</id>
      <label>Common Names</label>
    </item>
  </table-of-contents>
  <ancestors>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">1</id>
      <canonical-form>Animalia</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Animalia</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">164</id>
      <canonical-form>Arthropoda</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Arthropoda</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">1157</id>
      <canonical-form>Malacostraca</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Malacostraca</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">1183</id>
      <canonical-form>Decapoda</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Decapoda</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">7160</id>
      <canonical-form>Nephropoidea</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Nephropoidea</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">7161</id>
      <canonical-form>Nephropidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Nephropidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">40930</id>
      <canonical-form>Homarus</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Homarus</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">318853</id>
      <canonical-form>Homarus americanus</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>&lt;i&gt;Homarus americanus&lt;/i&gt; H. Milne Edwards, 1837</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
  </ancestors>
  <children>
  </children>
  <curators>
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      <credentials>Portland State University, MA Education

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      <id type="integer">7</id>
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      <credentials>BA Physics - Johns Hopkins University
MS Education - Johns Hopkins University
ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia


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      <username>peter</username>
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      <credentials>Ph.D., University of Bristol (1976)
D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
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      <username>paddy</username>
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    <user>
      <credentials>Asst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere.  Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 2005</credentials>
      <id type="integer">20470</id>
      <username>jhammock</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>University of Michigan, PhD 1997
Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)

Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America.</credentials>
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      <username>csparr</username>
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    <user>
      <credentials></credentials>
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      <username>mstuder</username>
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    <user>
      <credentials>EOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universit&#228;t Berlin 1989</credentials>
      <id type="integer">35200</id>
      <username>Katja</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>William Miller, PhD
Assistant Professor
Baker University
Dept. of Biology
PO Box 65
Baldwin city, Kansas 
66006-0065



</credentials>
      <id type="integer">35243</id>
      <username>WMiller</username>
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    <user>
      <credentials>Ph.D., University of Tennessee

Eastern Kentucky University Foundation Professor

List of publications: 
http://people.eku.edu/schusterg/vitae/publications.htm</credentials>
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      <username>guenterschuster</username>
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    <user>
      <credentials></credentials>
      <id type="integer">36197</id>
      <username>MarthaTestuser</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Professor of Natural Sciences, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, OR
Powers, L.W.  1977.  Crabs (Brachyura) of the Gulf of Mexico. Contrib. mar. Sci. 20: (suppl.): 1-190.  Powers, L.W. and J.F. Cole.  1976.  Temperature variation in fiddler crab microhabitats.  J. exp. mar. biol. ecol.  21: 141-57.  Powers,, L.W.  1975.  Fiddler crabs in a nontidal environment. Cont. Mar. Sci. 19: 67-78.
Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society.</credentials>
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      <username>ocypode</username>
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    <user>
      <credentials>faculty, Department of Biology
University of Miami
Coral Gables, Fl 33124

AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi

http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html</credentials>
      <id type="integer">38707</id>
      <username>ksealey</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>1. Postdoctoral Fellow, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama and Smithsonian Marine Research Station at Fort Pierce, Florida, USA</credentials>
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      <username>baezaa</username>
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    <user>
      <credentials>Postdoctoral research associate at the Smithsonian</credentials>
      <id type="integer">39134</id>
      <username>khultgren</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Professor and Chair, Department of Biology, Brigham Young University
See http://biology.byu.edu/DepartmentInfo/FacultyStaff/tabid/168/ctl/FacultyProfile/mid/563/FacultyID/172/Default.aspx
for a list of recent publications
President-Elect, Society of Systematic Biologists
</credentials>
      <id type="integer">39235</id>
      <username>crandall</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>1.Currently undertaking MSc in Aquatic Ecology,Kenyatta University,Nairobi,Kenya
3.Member to East African Wildlife Society,Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association(WIOMSA)</credentials>
      <id type="integer">39463</id>
      <username>johkochey</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Emeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin

Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.

Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.

Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.

Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D.  (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway.  Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.

Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse  Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles.  Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.</credentials>
      <id type="integer">39544</id>
      <username>jrynolds</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Affiliated with EOL Species Pages Group</credentials>
      <id type="integer">39552</id>
      <username>lshapiro</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Curator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum)
Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. &amp; Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow &amp; Rob van Soest. PDf and website</credentials>
      <id type="integer">40160</id>
      <username>BernardPicton</username>
    </user>
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  <comments>
    <count>1</count>
  </comments>
  <images>
    <count>0</count>
  </images>
  <videos>
    <count>0</count>
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