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  <canonical-form>Callithrix aurita</canonical-form>
  <iucn-conservation-status>Vulnerable (VU)</iucn-conservation-status>
  <scientific-name>&lt;i&gt;Callithrix aurita&lt;/i&gt; (&#201;. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812)</scientific-name>
  <common-names>
    <item>
      <language_label></language_label>
      <string>Buffy-eared Marmoset</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label></language_label>
      <string>white-eared marmoset</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>ca</language_label>
      <string>Callithrix aurita</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>Buffy-eared Marmoset</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>Buffy-tufted-ear marmoset</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>white-eared marmoset</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>es</language_label>
      <string>Callithrix aurita</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>fr</language_label>
      <string>Marmouset &#224; oreilles blanches</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>fr</language_label>
      <string>Oustiti &#224; oreilles blanches</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>fr</language_label>
      <string>Oustiti oreillard</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>it</language_label>
      <string>Callithrix aurita</string>
    </item>
  </common-names>
  <taxa>
    <refs type="array">
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Hershkovitz, P. 1977. Living New World Monkeys (Platyrrihini) Volume 1. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">1</published>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Muskin, A. 1984. Field Notes and Geographic Distribution of Callithrix aurita in Eastern Brazil. American Journal of Primatology, 7: 377-380.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">2622</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Natori, M., N. Shigenara. 1992. Interspecific Differences in Lower Dentition Among Eastern-Brazilian Marmosets. Journal of Mammology, 73: 668-671.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Rylands, A. 1993. Marmosets and Tamarins: Systematics, Behaviour, and Ecology. New York: Oxford University Press.</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">1</published>
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        <full-reference>Hershkovitz, P. 1977. Living New World Monkeys (Platyrrihini) Volume 1. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Muskin, A. 1984. Field Notes and Geographic Distribution of Callithrix aurita in Eastern Brazil. American Journal of Primatology, 7: 377-380.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Natori, M., N. Shigenara. 1992. Interspecific Differences in Lower Dentition Among Eastern-Brazilian Marmosets. Journal of Mammology, 73: 668-671.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Rylands, A. 1993. Marmosets and Tamarins: Systematics, Behaviour, and Ecology. New York: Oxford University Press.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Hershkovitz, P. 1977. Living New World Monkeys (Platyrrihini) Volume 1. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">2621</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Muskin, A. 1984. Field Notes and Geographic Distribution of Callithrix aurita in Eastern Brazil. American Journal of Primatology, 7: 377-380.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Natori, M., N. Shigenara. 1992. Interspecific Differences in Lower Dentition Among Eastern-Brazilian Marmosets. Journal of Mammology, 73: 668-671.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Rylands, A. 1993. Marmosets and Tamarins: Systematics, Behaviour, and Ecology. New York: Oxford University Press.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>1. IUCN Red List  (March, 2009) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iucnredlist.org&quot;&gt;http://www.iucnredlist.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">687769</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">687769</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420000</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>3. CITES  (March, 2009) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cites.org&quot;&gt;http://www.cites.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690220</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690220</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420000</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>2. Emmons, L.H. and Feer, F. (1997) &lt;i&gt;Neotropical Rainforest Mammals&lt;/i&gt;. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690421</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690421</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420000</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>4. Nowak, R.M. (1999) &lt;i&gt;Walker's Mammals of the World: Volume 2&lt;/i&gt;. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690422</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690422</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420000</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>5. Ferrari, S.F., Corr&#234;a, H.K.M. and and Coutinho, P.E.G. (1996) &lt;i&gt;Ecology of the &#8220;southern&#8221; marmosets (Callithrix aurita and Callithrix flaviceps). In: Norconk, M.A., Rosenberger, A.L., and Garber, P.A. (Eds.) Adaptive Radiations of Neotropical Primates&lt;/i&gt;. Plenum Press, New York.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690423</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690423</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420000</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>6. Corr&#234;a, H.K.M., Coutinho, P.E.G. and Ferrari, S.F. (2000) Between-year differences in the feeding ecology of highland marmosets (&lt;i&gt;Callithrix aurita&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Callithrix aviceps&lt;/i&gt;) in southeastern Brazil. &lt;i&gt;Journal of the Zoological Society of London&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;252&lt;/b&gt;: 421 - 427.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690424</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690424</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420000</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>7. Martins, M.M. (2000) Foraging over army ants by &lt;i&gt;Callithrix aurita&lt;/i&gt; (Primates: Callitrichidae): Seasonal occurence?. &lt;i&gt;Revista de Biolog&#237;a Tropical&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;48&lt;/b&gt;: 1.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690425</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690425</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420000</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>8. Santos, C.V. and Martins, M.M. (2000) Parental care in the buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (&lt;i&gt;Callithrix aurita&lt;/i&gt;) in wild and captive groups. &lt;i&gt;Revista Brasileira de Biologia&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;60&lt;/b&gt;: 667 - 672.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690426</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690426</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420000</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>9. Coutinho, P.E.G. and Corr&#234;a, H.K.M. (1995) Polygyny in a free ranging group of buffy-tufted-ear-marmosets (&lt;i&gt;Callithrix aurita&lt;/i&gt;). &lt;i&gt;Folia Primatologica&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;65&lt;/b&gt;: 25 - 29.</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690427</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420000</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>10. Conservation International &#8211; Biodiversity Hotspots  (March, 2009) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/hotspots/atlantic_forest&quot;&gt;http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/hotspots/atlantic_forest&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690428</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690428</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420000</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>11. WWF  (March, 2009) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/where_we_work/ecoregions/atlantic_forests.cfm&quot;&gt;http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/where_we_work/ecoregions/atlantic_forests.cfm&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690429</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
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        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>12. The Nature Conservancy  (March, 2009) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.org/wherewework/southamerica/brazil/work/art5080.html&quot;&gt;http://www.nature.org/wherewework/southamerica/brazil/work/art5080.html&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">1</published>
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        <description>Active during the day, the buffy-tufted-ear marmoset can be found in small groups foraging in the tree canopy (2). Like other marmosets, a large portion of this species' diet consists of gums and saps, obtained either by licking holes made by wood boring insects, or by gouging tree trunks, branches and vines of certain plant species with the specialised, small, tusk-like canine teeth of the lower jaw (2) (5). This latter form of gum extraction is quite destructive, often leaving trees riddled with hundreds of small slits and holes (2). While gum is consumed throughout the year, this species will preferentially take fruits during the wet season, and, unusually for a marmoset, will also feed on certain species of fungi found on bamboo (1) (5). Insects are another major source of food for this species, and may include grasshoppers (5), as well as swarms of army ants (7).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Buffy-tufted-ear marmoset groups may comprise either a single breeding pair, along with their offspring and sometimes members of extended family (1) (8), or a single male with multiple female breeding partners and their offspring (5) (9). Home ranges are relatively large, with a significant portion actively defended as the group's territory (5). Marmosets generally give birth to non-identical twins, which are cooperatively reared within the group, with both parents and other family members sharing the duty of carrying the vulnerable infants (2) (8).</description>
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      <canonical-form>Animalia</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Animalia</scientific-name>
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    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">694</id>
      <canonical-form>Chordata</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Chordata</scientific-name>
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    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">1642</id>
      <canonical-form>Mammalia</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Mammalia</scientific-name>
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    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">1645</id>
      <canonical-form>Primates</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Primates</scientific-name>
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      <id type="integer">1659</id>
      <canonical-form>Callitrichidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Callitrichidae</scientific-name>
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      <id type="integer">41549</id>
      <canonical-form>Callithrix</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Callithrix</scientific-name>
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    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">323886</id>
      <canonical-form>Callithrix aurita</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>Vulnerable (VU)</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>&lt;i&gt;Callithrix aurita&lt;/i&gt; (&#201;. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812)</scientific-name>
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      <credentials>Portland State University, MA Education

</credentials>
      <id type="integer">7</id>
      <username>klans</username>
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    <user>
      <credentials>BA Physics - Johns Hopkins University
MS Education - Johns Hopkins University
ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia


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D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
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Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere.  Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 2005</credentials>
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      <credentials>University of Michigan, PhD 1997
Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)

Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America.</credentials>
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Assistant Professor
Baker University
Dept. of Biology
PO Box 65
Baldwin city, Kansas 
66006-0065



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University of Miami
Coral Gables, Fl 33124

AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi

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Yahnke CJ, 2006. Habitat use and natural history of small mammals in the Paraguayan chaco. Mastozoologia Neotropical, 13(1);103-116.

Yahnke CJ, 2006. Testing optimal foraging theory using bird predation on goldenrod galls. American Biology Teacher, 68(8):471-475.

Yahnke CJ, PL Meserve, TG Ksiazek, and JN Mills. 2001. Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan chaco.  American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65(6):768-776.

Yahnke CJ, I Gamarra de Fox, and F Colman. 1998. Mammalian species richness in Paraguay: the effectiveness of national parks in preserving biodiversity.  Biological Conservation 84:263-268.

Yahnke CJ, J Unger, BA Lohr, DA Meritt, and W Heuschele. 1997.  Age specific fecundity, litter size, and sex ratio in the chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri).  Zoo Biology 16:301-307.

Yahnke, CJ, WE Johnson, E Geffen, D Smith, F Hertel, MS Roy, CF Bonacic, TK Fuller, B Van Valkenburgh, and RK Wayne. 1996. Darwin&#8217;s fox: a distinct endangered species in a vanishing habitat.  Conservation Biology 10:366-375.

Yahnke CJ. 1995.  Metachromism and the insight of Wilfred Osgood: evidence of common ancestry for Darwin&#8217;s fox and the Sechura fox.  Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 68:459-467

American Society of Mammalogists
National Association of Biology Teachers
Sigma XI
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      <credentials>Emeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin

Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.

Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.

Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.

Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D.  (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway.  Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.

Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse  Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles.  Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.</credentials>
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      <credentials>Curator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum)
Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. &amp; Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow &amp; Rob van Soest. PDf and website</credentials>
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