328076Tremarctos ornatusVulnerable (VU)<i>Tremarctos ornatus</i> (F. G. Cuvier, 1825)Oso de anteojosSpectacled bearOso de anteojosSpectacled bearbrArzh lunedekcsMedvěd brýlatýenAndean bearenSpectacled beareoOkulvitra ursoesOso de anteojosesOso frontinoesOso realesTremarctos ornatusfaخرس عینکیfiSilmälasikarhufrOurs à lunettesfrOurs andinheדוב המשקפייםhuPápaszemes medveitTremarctos ornatuskaსათვალიანი დათვიko안경곰ltAkiniuotasis lokyslvBriļļainais lācismkОчилна мечкаnlBrilbeernoBrillebjørnnvShash bítááʼłgaígííptUrso-de-óculosquAnti ukumariruМедведь очковыйskMedveď okuliarnatýsvGlasögonbjörntrGözlüklü ayıukОчковий ведмідьviGấu bốn mắtWard, P., S. Kynaston. 1995. Bears of the World. London: Blandford.3281328327213false12001. "All About Bears" (On-line). Accessed Dec. 3, 2001 at http://www.bears-bears.org/index.htm .17745117745327213false1International Association for Bear Research and Management, 1999. "Bear Species Description" (On-line). Accessed Dec. 3, 2001 at http://www.bearbiology.com/spdesc.html .17746117746327213false1Nowak, R. 1997. "Walker's Mammals of the World" (On-line). Accessed November 6, 2001 at http://www.press.jhu.edu/books/walkers_mammals_of_the_world/special.html .17747117747327213false1Sanderson, I. 1972. Living Mammals of the World. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company Inc..17748117748327213false1Ward, P., S. Kynaston. 1995. Bears of the World. London: Blandford.32813281077306false12001. "All About Bears" (On-line). Accessed Dec. 3, 2001 at http://www.bears-bears.org/index.htm .177451177451077306false1International Association for Bear Research and Management, 1999. "Bear Species Description" (On-line). Accessed Dec. 3, 2001 at http://www.bearbiology.com/spdesc.html .177461177461077306false1Nowak, R. 1997. "Walker's Mammals of the World" (On-line). Accessed November 6, 2001 at http://www.press.jhu.edu/books/walkers_mammals_of_the_world/special.html .177471177471077306false1Sanderson, I. 1972. Living Mammals of the World. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company Inc..177481177481077306false1Ward, P., S. Kynaston. 1995. Bears of the World. London: Blandford.32813281141144false12001. "All About Bears" (On-line). Accessed Dec. 3, 2001 at http://www.bears-bears.org/index.htm .177451177451141144false1International Association for Bear Research and Management, 1999. "Bear Species Description" (On-line). Accessed Dec. 3, 2001 at http://www.bearbiology.com/spdesc.html .177461177461141144false1Nowak, R. 1997. "Walker's Mammals of the World" (On-line). Accessed November 6, 2001 at http://www.press.jhu.edu/books/walkers_mammals_of_the_world/special.html .177471177471141144false1Sanderson, I. 1972. Living Mammals of the World. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company Inc..177481177481141144false13. CITES (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>69086516908651420496false11. IUCN Red List (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.redlist.org">http://www.redlist.org</a>69170116917011420496false12. Macdonald, D. (2001) <i>The New Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.69297916929791420496false14. Lioncrusher's domain (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.lioncrusher.com/animal.asp?animal=92">http://www.lioncrusher.com/animal.asp?animal=92</a>69298016929801420496false15. Animal Diversity Web (March, 2003) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/tremarctos/t._ornatus$narrative.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/tremarctos/t._ornatus$narrative.html</a>69298116929811420496false16. Velez-liendo, X. (2006) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69298216929821420496false17. WWF (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.panda.org/resources/publications/species/threatened/SpectacledBear/">http://www.panda.org/resources/publications/species/threatened/SpectacledBear/</a>69298316929831420496false18. Lincoln Park Zoo (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.lpzoo.com/index.html">http://www.lpzoo.com/index.html</a>69298416929841420496false13. CITES (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>69086516908652375539false11. IUCN Red List (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.redlist.org">http://www.redlist.org</a>69170116917012375539false12. Macdonald, D. (2001) <i>The New Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.69297916929792375539false14. Lioncrusher's domain (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.lioncrusher.com/animal.asp?animal=92">http://www.lioncrusher.com/animal.asp?animal=92</a>69298016929802375539false15. Animal Diversity Web (March, 2003) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/tremarctos/t._ornatus$narrative.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/tremarctos/t._ornatus$narrative.html</a>69298116929812375539false16. Velez-liendo, X. (2006) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69298216929822375539false17. WWF (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.panda.org/resources/publications/species/threatened/SpectacledBear/">http://www.panda.org/resources/publications/species/threatened/SpectacledBear/</a>69298316929832375539false18. Lincoln Park Zoo (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.lpzoo.com/index.html">http://www.lpzoo.com/index.html</a>69298416929842375539false13. CITES (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>69086516908652453592false11. IUCN Red List (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.redlist.org">http://www.redlist.org</a>69170116917012453592false12. Macdonald, D. (2001) <i>The New Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.69297916929792453592false14. Lioncrusher's domain (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.lioncrusher.com/animal.asp?animal=92">http://www.lioncrusher.com/animal.asp?animal=92</a>69298016929802453592false15. Animal Diversity Web (March, 2003) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/tremarctos/t._ornatus$narrative.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/tremarctos/t._ornatus$narrative.html</a>69298116929812453592false16. Velez-liendo, X. (2006) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69298216929822453592false17. WWF (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.panda.org/resources/publications/species/threatened/SpectacledBear/">http://www.panda.org/resources/publications/species/threatened/SpectacledBear/</a>69298316929832453592false18. Lincoln Park Zoo (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.lpzoo.com/index.html">http://www.lpzoo.com/index.html</a>69298416929842453592false13. CITES (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>69086516908652750144false11. IUCN Red List (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.redlist.org">http://www.redlist.org</a>69170116917012750144false12. Macdonald, D. (2001) <i>The New Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.69297916929792750144false14. Lioncrusher's domain (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.lioncrusher.com/animal.asp?animal=92">http://www.lioncrusher.com/animal.asp?animal=92</a>69298016929802750144false15. Animal Diversity Web (March, 2003) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/tremarctos/t._ornatus$narrative.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/tremarctos/t._ornatus$narrative.html</a>69298116929812750144false16. Velez-liendo, X. (2006) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69298216929822750144false17. WWF (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.panda.org/resources/publications/species/threatened/SpectacledBear/">http://www.panda.org/resources/publications/species/threatened/SpectacledBear/</a>69298316929832750144false18. Lincoln Park Zoo (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.lpzoo.com/index.html">http://www.lpzoo.com/index.html</a>69298416929842750144false13. CITES (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>69086516908652890928false11. IUCN Red List (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.redlist.org">http://www.redlist.org</a>69170116917012890928false12. Macdonald, D. (2001) <i>The New Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.69297916929792890928false14. Lioncrusher's domain (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.lioncrusher.com/animal.asp?animal=92">http://www.lioncrusher.com/animal.asp?animal=92</a>69298016929802890928false15. Animal Diversity Web (March, 2003) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/tremarctos/t._ornatus$narrative.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/tremarctos/t._ornatus$narrative.html</a>69298116929812890928false16. Velez-liendo, X. (2006) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69298216929822890928false17. WWF (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.panda.org/resources/publications/species/threatened/SpectacledBear/">http://www.panda.org/resources/publications/species/threatened/SpectacledBear/</a>69298316929832890928false18. Lincoln Park Zoo (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.lpzoo.com/index.html">http://www.lpzoo.com/index.html</a>69298416929842890928false13. CITES (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>69086516908653240592false11. IUCN Red List (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.redlist.org">http://www.redlist.org</a>69170116917013240592false12. Macdonald, D. (2001) <i>The New Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.69297916929793240592false14. Lioncrusher's domain (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.lioncrusher.com/animal.asp?animal=92">http://www.lioncrusher.com/animal.asp?animal=92</a>69298016929803240592false15. Animal Diversity Web (March, 2003) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/tremarctos/t._ornatus$narrative.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/tremarctos/t._ornatus$narrative.html</a>69298116929813240592false16. Velez-liendo, X. (2006) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69298216929823240592false17. WWF (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.panda.org/resources/publications/species/threatened/SpectacledBear/">http://www.panda.org/resources/publications/species/threatened/SpectacledBear/</a>69298316929833240592false18. Lincoln Park Zoo (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.lpzoo.com/index.html">http://www.lpzoo.com/index.html</a>69298416929843240592false13. CITES (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>69086516908653653409false11. IUCN Red List (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.redlist.org">http://www.redlist.org</a>69170116917013653409false12. Macdonald, D. (2001) <i>The New Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.69297916929793653409false14. Lioncrusher's domain (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.lioncrusher.com/animal.asp?animal=92">http://www.lioncrusher.com/animal.asp?animal=92</a>69298016929803653409false15. Animal Diversity Web (March, 2003) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/tremarctos/t._ornatus$narrative.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/tremarctos/t._ornatus$narrative.html</a>69298116929813653409false16. Velez-liendo, X. (2006) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69298216929823653409false17. WWF (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.panda.org/resources/publications/species/threatened/SpectacledBear/">http://www.panda.org/resources/publications/species/threatened/SpectacledBear/</a>69298316929833653409false18. Lincoln Park Zoo (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.lpzoo.com/index.html">http://www.lpzoo.com/index.html</a>69298416929843653409false13. CITES (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>69086516908654023903false11. IUCN Red List (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.redlist.org">http://www.redlist.org</a>69170116917014023903false12. Macdonald, D. (2001) <i>The New Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.69297916929794023903false14. Lioncrusher's domain (March, 2003) <a href="http://www.lioncrusher.com/animal.asp?animal=92">http://www.lioncrusher.com/animal.asp?animal=92</a>69298016929804023903false15. Animal Diversity Web (March, 2003) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/tremarctos/t._ornatus$narrative.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/tremarctos/t._ornatus$narrative.html</a>69298116929814023903false16. Velez-liendo, X. (2006) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69298216929824023903false17. WWF (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.panda.org/resources/publications/species/threatened/SpectacledBear/">http://www.panda.org/resources/publications/species/threatened/SpectacledBear/</a>69298316929834023903false18. Lincoln Park Zoo (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.lpzoo.com/index.html">http://www.lpzoo.com/index.html</a>69298416929844023903false1Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.73092417309242391337false1Ronald Nowak (1999) Walker's Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore.73092617309262391337false1Very little is known about these bears even though they are one of the largest carnivores in South America. They are believed to be diurnal (6) and have been observed to make nests in the trees whilst foraging or resting (4). Like other bears they are omnivores although vegetation appears to make up the majority of the diet, particularly fruit of plants from the Bromelid family (5). These bears are an important component of the ecosystem they inhabit, distributing a wide variety of seeds (5).</p><p>The mating season runs from April to June, the female alone cares for the litter of 1-3 cubs that are born between November and February (4).cb47e6944f7882b497a275e0012e124b2609388WildscreenCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008ARKiveCopyrightCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008. Some rights reservedhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/SupplierARKivehttp://www.arkive.org/5978arkiveLocationSource URLView original data objecthttp://www.arkive.org/spectacled-bear/tremarctos-ornatus/CitationEnglishcc-by-nc-sa 3.0Texthttp://content7.eol.org/content_large.jpghttp://content8.eol.org/content_medium.jpghttp://content9.eol.org/content_small.jpg13290301302267232704204128529783328662512953009717226298227131AnimaliaNOT EVALUATEDAnimalia694ChordataNOT EVALUATEDChordata1642MammaliaNOT EVALUATEDMammalia7662CarnivoraNOT EVALUATEDCarnivora7664UrsidaeNOT EVALUATEDUrsidae42285TremarctosNOT EVALUATEDTremarctos328076Tremarctos ornatusVulnerable (VU)<i>Tremarctos ornatus</i> (F. G. Cuvier, 1825)Portland State University, MA Education
7klansBA Physics - Johns Hopkins University
MS Education - Johns Hopkins University
ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia
10peterPh.D., University of Bristol (1976)
D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
11paddydeveloper13pleary11793wilsondAsst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 200520470jhammockUniversity of Michigan, PhD 1997
Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America.25567csparr33422mstuderCurator of Zoology (Fishes), Field Museum of Natural History34360mwestneatEOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universität Berlin 198935200KatjaWilliam Miller, PhD
Assistant Professor
Baker University
Dept. of Biology
PO Box 65
Baldwin city, Kansas
66006-0065
35243WMillerUniversity of California Berkeley
35508tuco36197MarthaTestuserPh.D. Candidate from the University of Kent at Canterbury, memeber of the Society for Conservation Biology36377kamus42B.A. Zoology, M.S. Embryology/physiology
college faculty for 44 years
member HAPS (Human Anatomy and Physiology Society)36558judyjunkyardActive Member of Wildlife society of Africa, herpetological society of southern Africa and general manager and curator of reptile research and information center (Zebra Country lodge, Cullinan district Pretoria)37046VaughanScientist National Institutes of Health38259saimirifaculty, Department of Biology
University of Miami
Coral Gables, Fl 33124
AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi
http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html38707ksealeyAssociate Professor of Biology, Curator of Mammals and Birds, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point
Yahnke CJ, 2006. Habitat use and natural history of small mammals in the Paraguayan chaco. Mastozoologia Neotropical, 13(1);103-116.
Yahnke CJ, 2006. Testing optimal foraging theory using bird predation on goldenrod galls. American Biology Teacher, 68(8):471-475.
Yahnke CJ, PL Meserve, TG Ksiazek, and JN Mills. 2001. Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan chaco. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65(6):768-776.
Yahnke CJ, I Gamarra de Fox, and F Colman. 1998. Mammalian species richness in Paraguay: the effectiveness of national parks in preserving biodiversity. Biological Conservation 84:263-268.
Yahnke CJ, J Unger, BA Lohr, DA Meritt, and W Heuschele. 1997. Age specific fecundity, litter size, and sex ratio in the chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri). Zoo Biology 16:301-307.
Yahnke, CJ, WE Johnson, E Geffen, D Smith, F Hertel, MS Roy, CF Bonacic, TK Fuller, B Van Valkenburgh, and RK Wayne. 1996. Darwin’s fox: a distinct endangered species in a vanishing habitat. Conservation Biology 10:366-375.
Yahnke CJ. 1995. Metachromism and the insight of Wilfred Osgood: evidence of common ancestry for Darwin’s fox and the Sechura fox. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 68:459-467
American Society of Mammalogists
National Association of Biology Teachers
Sigma XI
39446cyahnkeEmeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin
Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.
Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.
Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.
Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D. (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.
Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.39544jrynoldsAffiliated with EOL Species Pages Group39552lshapiroStaff in a natural history museum
Member of a professional society (SECEM)39803eliadelomCurator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum)
Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. & Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow & Rob van Soest. PDf and website40160BernardPicton0200