328612Urocyon littoralisCritically Endangered (CR)<i>Urocyon littoralis</i> (Baird, 1858)Island Gray FoxbrLouarn an InizicaGuineu grisa de les illes Santa BàrbaraenCalifornia channel island foxenChannel Island FoxenChannel islands foxenChannel Islands gray foxenIsland foxenIsland Gray FoxenIsland grey foxesUrocyon littoralisitUrocyon littoralislvSalu lapsanlEilandvosplLis wyspowyruОстровная лисицаtrAda boz tilkisiNowak, R. 1999. Walker's Mammals Of The World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.98198327272false11999. "National Park Service to Convene Island Fox Recovery Team" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://www.nps.gov/chis/press3.htm .17961117961327272false11999. "IUCN- The World Conservation Union" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://www.iucn.org/ .17962117962327272false1Chapman, J. 1999. "Santa Catalina Island Fox- Jeff Chapman" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://www.catalinaconservancy.org/animals/mammals/foxjchap.htm .17963117963327272false1Collins, P. 1991. Interaction between island foxes (Urocyon-littoralis) and Native Americans on islands off the coast of southern California. Journal of Ethnobiology, 11(2): 205-229.17964117964327272false1Crooks, K. 1994. Demography and status of the island fox and the island spotted skunk on Santa Cruz Island, California. Southwestern Naturalist, 39(3): 257-262.17965117965327272false1Crooks, K., D. Van Vuren. 1996. Spatial organization of the island fox (Urocyon littoralis) on Santa Crus Island, California. Journal of Mammalogy, 77(3): 801-806.17966117966327272false1Fritzell, E., T. Fuller, D. Garcelon. 1999. "Island Grey Fox (Urocyon littoralis)" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://users.ox.ac.uk/~wcruinfo/csgweb/sppaccts/ulittoral.htm .17967117967327272false1Garcelon, D., G. Roemer, R. Philips, T. Coonan. 1999. Food provisioning by island foxes, Urocyon littoralis, to conspecifics caught in traps. Southwestern Naturalist, 44(1): 83-86.17968117968327272false1Moore, C., P. Collins. 1995. Urocyon Littoralis. Mammalian Species (489: 1-7). The American Society of Mammalogists.17969117969327272false1Schmeckpepper, D. 1999. "Native Mammals- Catalina Island Fox" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://www.catalinaconservancy.org/animals/mammals/uroclitt.htm .17970117970327272false1Wayne, R., S. George, D. Gilbert, P. Collins, D. Girman. 1991. A Morphologic and Genetic Study of the Island Fox Urocyon-littoralis. Evolution, 8: 1849-1868.17971117971327272false1Weston, J. "Island Fox- Utah's Hogle Zoo" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://www.hoglezoo.org/mammals/fox.htm .17972117972327272false1Wilson, D., D. Reeder. 1993. "Mammals Species of the World" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://nmnhwww.si.edu/cgi-bin/wdb/msw/names/query/12057 .17973117973327272false1Nowak, R. 1999. Walker's Mammals Of The World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.981981077379false11999. "National Park Service to Convene Island Fox Recovery Team" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://www.nps.gov/chis/press3.htm .179611179611077379false11999. "IUCN- The World Conservation Union" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://www.iucn.org/ .179621179621077379false1Chapman, J. 1999. "Santa Catalina Island Fox- Jeff Chapman" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://www.catalinaconservancy.org/animals/mammals/foxjchap.htm .179631179631077379false1Collins, P. 1991. Interaction between island foxes (Urocyon-littoralis) and Native Americans on islands off the coast of southern California. Journal of Ethnobiology, 11(2): 205-229.179641179641077379false1Crooks, K. 1994. Demography and status of the island fox and the island spotted skunk on Santa Cruz Island, California. Southwestern Naturalist, 39(3): 257-262.179651179651077379false1Crooks, K., D. Van Vuren. 1996. Spatial organization of the island fox (Urocyon littoralis) on Santa Crus Island, California. Journal of Mammalogy, 77(3): 801-806.179661179661077379false1Fritzell, E., T. Fuller, D. Garcelon. 1999. "Island Grey Fox (Urocyon littoralis)" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://users.ox.ac.uk/~wcruinfo/csgweb/sppaccts/ulittoral.htm .179671179671077379false1Garcelon, D., G. Roemer, R. Philips, T. Coonan. 1999. Food provisioning by island foxes, Urocyon littoralis, to conspecifics caught in traps. Southwestern Naturalist, 44(1): 83-86.179681179681077379false1Moore, C., P. Collins. 1995. Urocyon Littoralis. Mammalian Species (489: 1-7). The American Society of Mammalogists.179691179691077379false1Schmeckpepper, D. 1999. "Native Mammals- Catalina Island Fox" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://www.catalinaconservancy.org/animals/mammals/uroclitt.htm .179701179701077379false1Wayne, R., S. George, D. Gilbert, P. Collins, D. Girman. 1991. A Morphologic and Genetic Study of the Island Fox Urocyon-littoralis. Evolution, 8: 1849-1868.179711179711077379false1Weston, J. "Island Fox- Utah's Hogle Zoo" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://www.hoglezoo.org/mammals/fox.htm .179721179721077379false1Wilson, D., D. Reeder. 1993. "Mammals Species of the World" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://nmnhwww.si.edu/cgi-bin/wdb/msw/names/query/12057 .179731179731077379false1Nowak, R. 1999. Walker's Mammals Of The World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.981981141217false11999. "National Park Service to Convene Island Fox Recovery Team" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://www.nps.gov/chis/press3.htm .179611179611141217false11999. "IUCN- The World Conservation Union" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://www.iucn.org/ .179621179621141217false1Chapman, J. 1999. "Santa Catalina Island Fox- Jeff Chapman" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://www.catalinaconservancy.org/animals/mammals/foxjchap.htm .179631179631141217false1Collins, P. 1991. Interaction between island foxes (Urocyon-littoralis) and Native Americans on islands off the coast of southern California. Journal of Ethnobiology, 11(2): 205-229.179641179641141217false1Crooks, K. 1994. Demography and status of the island fox and the island spotted skunk on Santa Cruz Island, California. Southwestern Naturalist, 39(3): 257-262.179651179651141217false1Crooks, K., D. Van Vuren. 1996. Spatial organization of the island fox (Urocyon littoralis) on Santa Crus Island, California. Journal of Mammalogy, 77(3): 801-806.179661179661141217false1Fritzell, E., T. Fuller, D. Garcelon. 1999. "Island Grey Fox (Urocyon littoralis)" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://users.ox.ac.uk/~wcruinfo/csgweb/sppaccts/ulittoral.htm .179671179671141217false1Garcelon, D., G. Roemer, R. Philips, T. Coonan. 1999. Food provisioning by island foxes, Urocyon littoralis, to conspecifics caught in traps. Southwestern Naturalist, 44(1): 83-86.179681179681141217false1Moore, C., P. Collins. 1995. Urocyon Littoralis. Mammalian Species (489: 1-7). The American Society of Mammalogists.179691179691141217false1Schmeckpepper, D. 1999. "Native Mammals- Catalina Island Fox" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://www.catalinaconservancy.org/animals/mammals/uroclitt.htm .179701179701141217false1Wayne, R., S. George, D. Gilbert, P. Collins, D. Girman. 1991. A Morphologic and Genetic Study of the Island Fox Urocyon-littoralis. Evolution, 8: 1849-1868.179711179711141217false1Weston, J. "Island Fox- Utah's Hogle Zoo" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://www.hoglezoo.org/mammals/fox.htm .179721179721141217false1Wilson, D., D. Reeder. 1993. "Mammals Species of the World" (On-line). Accessed November 28, 1999 at http://nmnhwww.si.edu/cgi-bin/wdb/msw/names/query/12057 .179731179731141217false11. IUCN Red List (November, 2005) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>69303616930361420504false12. Roemer, G.W., Coonan, T.J., Munson, L. and Wayne, R.K. (2004) The Island fox. In: Sillero-Zubiri, C., Hoffman, M. and Macdonald, D.W. Eds. <i>Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs, Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, 2nd Edition</i>. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialists Group, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.69303716930371420504false13. Wayne, R.K., George, S.B., Gilbert, D., Collins, P.W., Kovach, S.D., Girman, D. and Lehman, N. (1991) A morphological and genetic study of the island fox Urocyon littoralis. <i>Evolution</i>, <b>45</b> (8): 1849 - 1868.69303816930381420504false14. Moore, C.M. and Collins, P.W. (1995) Urocyon littoralis. <i>Mammalian Species</i>, <b>489</b>: 1 - 7.69303916930391420504false15. Roemer, G.W. (2008) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69304016930401420504false16. National Park Service: Channel Islands (February, 2008) <a href="http://www.nps.gov/chis/">http://www.nps.gov/chis/</a>69304116930411420504false17. Roemer, G.W., Smith, D.A., Garcelon, D.K. and Wayne, R.K. (2001) The behavioural ecology of the island fox (Urocyon littoralis). <i>Journal of Zoology</i>, <b>255</b>: 1 - 14.69304216930421420504false18. Coonan, T.J. (2003) <i>Recovery Strategy for Island Foxes (Urocyon littoralis) on the northern Channel Islands</i>. National Park Service, Channel Islands National Park.69304316930431420504false19. Roemer, G.W., Donlan, C.J. and Courchamp, F. (2002) Golden eagles, feral pigs, and insular carnivores: How exotic species turn native predators into prey. <i>PNAS</i>, <b>99</b> (2): 791 - 796.69304416930441420504false110. Roemer, G.W. and Donlan, C.J. (2004) Biology, policy and law in endangered species conservation. I. The case of the island fox on the northern Channel Islands. <i>Endangered Species Update</i>, <b>21</b> (1): 23 - 31.69304516930451420504false111. Friends of the Island Fox (February, 2008) <a href="http://www.islandfox.org">http://www.islandfox.org</a>69304616930461420504false112. Roemer, G.W. and Donlan, C.J. (2005) Biology, policy and law in endangered species conservation: II. A case history in adaptive management of the island fox on Santa Catalina Island, California. <i>Endangered Species Update</i>, <b>22</b> (4): 144 - 156.69304716930471420504false113. Roemer, G.W. and Wayne, R.K. (2003) Conservation in conflict: the tale of two endangered species. <i>Conservation Biology</i>, <b>17</b> (5): 1251 - 1260.69304816930481420504false114. Catalina Island Conservancy (February, 2008) <a href="http://www.catalinaconservancy.org/">http://www.catalinaconservancy.org/</a>69304916930491420504false1Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.73092417309242391177false1Island foxes are primarily monogamous and mate for life, with a pair sharing a territory until one member of the pair dies. However, while they are socially monogamous, both members of the pair may mate with other adults (7). Most breeding occurs in late February and early March, and 50 to 53 days after mating, the female, or vixen, gives birth to a litter of one to five (usually two to three) kits. Born in the protection of a den, the pups are blind and helpless at birth. The kits emerge from the den at three to four weeks of age and soon begin foraging for food with their parents (4). By late September the kits are independent, and before long, they disperse to their own territory, provided there is a vacant territory and an available mate (7). At around one year of age the young foxes begin to breed. Island foxes have an average life span of four to six years (4).</p><p>Island foxes communicate through sight, sound and smell. Vocal communication involves barking and sometimes growling, and signs of dominance or submission are frequently made through facial expressions and body posture. A keen sense of smell plays an important role in the marking of territories, which are scent-marked by urine and faeces, conspicuously positioned on well-traveled paths (4).</p><p>This species of fox forages primarily at night, but is also active during the day (2). The island fox feeds on an incredibly wide variety of insects, vertebrates, fruits, and terrestrial molluscs, with the proportions of the diet depending on where the fox lives and the time of year (2) (4).08e5effa78790e6254d9c786b2d48c182609444WildscreenCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008ARKiveCopyrightCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008. Some rights reservedhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/SupplierARKivehttp://www.arkive.org/5978arkiveLocationSource URLView original data objecthttp://www.arkive.org/island-fox/urocyon-littoralis/CitationEnglishcc-by-nc-sa 3.0Texthttp://content4.eol.org/content_large.jpghttp://content5.eol.org/content_medium.jpghttp://content6.eol.org/content_small.jpg13290194302267232704204129783328662512953009717226298227131AnimaliaNOT EVALUATEDAnimalia694ChordataNOT EVALUATEDChordata1642MammaliaNOT EVALUATEDMammalia7662CarnivoraNOT EVALUATEDCarnivora7676CanidaeNOT EVALUATEDCanidae20188UrocyonNOT EVALUATEDUrocyon328612Urocyon littoralisCritically Endangered (CR)<i>Urocyon littoralis</i> (Baird, 1858)1228522Urocyon littoralis dickeyiNOT EVALUATED<i>Urocyon littoralis dickeyi</i> Grinnell and Linsdale, 19301228530Urocyon littoralis santarosaeNOT EVALUATED<i>Urocyon littoralis santarosae</i> Grinnell and Linsdale, 19301228537Urocyon littoralis santacruzaeNOT EVALUATED<i>Urocyon littoralis santacruzae</i> Merriam, 19031267469Urocyon littoralis catalinaeNOT EVALUATED<i>Urocyon littoralis catalinae</i> Merriam, 19031267470Urocyon littoralis clementaeNOT EVALUATED<i>Urocyon littoralis clementae</i> Merriam, 19031267471Urocyon littoralis littoralisNOT EVALUATED<i>Urocyon <i>littoralis</i> littoralis</i> (Baird, 1858)Portland State University, MA Education
7klansBA Physics - Johns Hopkins University
MS Education - Johns Hopkins University
ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia
10peterPh.D., University of Bristol (1976)
D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
11paddydeveloper13pleary11793wilsondAsst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 200520470jhammockUniversity of Michigan, PhD 1997
Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America.25567csparr33422mstuderCurator of Zoology (Fishes), Field Museum of Natural History34360mwestneatEOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universität Berlin 198935200KatjaWilliam Miller, PhD
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Baker University
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35243WMillerUniversity of California Berkeley
35508tuco36197MarthaTestuserPh.D. Candidate from the University of Kent at Canterbury, memeber of the Society for Conservation Biology36377kamus42B.A. Zoology, M.S. Embryology/physiology
college faculty for 44 years
member HAPS (Human Anatomy and Physiology Society)36558judyjunkyardActive Member of Wildlife society of Africa, herpetological society of southern Africa and general manager and curator of reptile research and information center (Zebra Country lodge, Cullinan district Pretoria)37046VaughanScientist National Institutes of Health38259saimirifaculty, Department of Biology
University of Miami
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http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html38707ksealeyAssociate Professor of Biology, Curator of Mammals and Birds, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point
Yahnke CJ, 2006. Habitat use and natural history of small mammals in the Paraguayan chaco. Mastozoologia Neotropical, 13(1);103-116.
Yahnke CJ, 2006. Testing optimal foraging theory using bird predation on goldenrod galls. American Biology Teacher, 68(8):471-475.
Yahnke CJ, PL Meserve, TG Ksiazek, and JN Mills. 2001. Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan chaco. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65(6):768-776.
Yahnke CJ, I Gamarra de Fox, and F Colman. 1998. Mammalian species richness in Paraguay: the effectiveness of national parks in preserving biodiversity. Biological Conservation 84:263-268.
Yahnke CJ, J Unger, BA Lohr, DA Meritt, and W Heuschele. 1997. Age specific fecundity, litter size, and sex ratio in the chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri). Zoo Biology 16:301-307.
Yahnke, CJ, WE Johnson, E Geffen, D Smith, F Hertel, MS Roy, CF Bonacic, TK Fuller, B Van Valkenburgh, and RK Wayne. 1996. Darwin’s fox: a distinct endangered species in a vanishing habitat. Conservation Biology 10:366-375.
Yahnke CJ. 1995. Metachromism and the insight of Wilfred Osgood: evidence of common ancestry for Darwin’s fox and the Sechura fox. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 68:459-467
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39446cyahnkeEmeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin
Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.
Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.
Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.
Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D. (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.
Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.39544jrynoldsAffiliated with EOL Species Pages Group39552lshapiroStaff in a natural history museum
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Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. & Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow & Rob van Soest. PDf and website40160BernardPicton090