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  <id type="integer">328623</id>
  <canonical-form>Arctocephalus australis</canonical-form>
  <iucn-conservation-status>Least Concern (LC)</iucn-conservation-status>
  <scientific-name>&lt;i&gt;Arctocephalus australis&lt;/i&gt; (Zimmermann, 1783)</scientific-name>
  <common-names>
    <item>
      <language_label></language_label>
      <string>South American fur seal</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label></language_label>
      <string>South American fur seal</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>da</language_label>
      <string>Sydamerikansk s&#248;bj&#248;rn</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>de</language_label>
      <string>S&#252;damerikanischer Seeb&#228;r</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>South American fur seal</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>es</language_label>
      <string>Lobo marino de dos pelos</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>fr</language_label>
      <string>Otarie &#224; fourrure australe</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>fr</language_label>
      <string>Otarie &#224; fourrure des Falklands</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>fr</language_label>
      <string>Otarie australe</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>hu</language_label>
      <string>D&#233;l-amerikai medvef&#243;ka</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>it</language_label>
      <string>Otaria da pelliccia sudamericana</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>nl</language_label>
      <string>Zuid-Amerikaanse zeebeer</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>nl</language_label>
      <string>Zuidelijke pelsrob</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>pl</language_label>
      <string>Arctocephalus australis</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>pt</language_label>
      <string>Le&#227;o marinho de dois p&#234;los</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>pt</language_label>
      <string>Ot&#225;ria de dois p&#234;los</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>sv</language_label>
      <string>Sydamerikansk p&#228;lss&#228;l</string>
    </item>
  </common-names>
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        <full-reference>2000. &quot;Falklands Conservation&quot; (On-line). Accessed Dec. 6, 2001 at http://www.falklands-nature.demon.co.uk/news/news0700.html .</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Couturier, L. 1996. Seal of approval. Wildlife Conservation, 99: 44-49,64.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Daneri, G., C. Esponda, L. deSantis. 1997. A record of Arctocephalus australis (Zimmerman, 1783) (Carnivora, Otariidae) south of the Antarctic Convergence. Mammalia, 61: 451-454.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Harcourt, R. 1991. Maternal aggression in the South American fur seal in Peru. Can. J. Zool., 70: 320-325.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Harcourt, R. 1991. Survivorship costs of play in the South American fur seal. Animal Behaviour, 42: 509-511.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Harcourt, R. 1993. Individual variation in predation on fur seals by southern sea lions (Otaria byronia) in Peru. Can. J. Zool., 71: 1908-1911.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Jefferson, T., S. Leatherwood, M. Webber. 1994. FAO species identification guide: marine mammals of the world. Rome: FAO.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Lima, M., E. Paez. 1995. Growth and reproductive patterns in the South American fur seal. J. Mammalogy, 76: 1249-1255.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Majluf, P. 1992. Timing of births and juvenile mortality in the South American fur seals in Peru. J. Zool., Lond., 227: 367-383.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Nowak, R. 1999. Walker&#8217;s mammals of the world, vol. II. 6th ed.. Baltimore: John Hopkins U. Press.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Parker, S. 1990. Grzimek&#8217;s encyclopedia: mammals, vol. 4. New York.: McGraw-Hill.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>2000. &quot;Falklands Conservation&quot; (On-line). Accessed Dec. 6, 2001 at http://www.falklands-nature.demon.co.uk/news/news0700.html .</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Nowak, R. 1999. Walker&#8217;s mammals of the world, vol. II. 6th ed.. Baltimore: John Hopkins U. Press.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>2000. &quot;Falklands Conservation&quot; (On-line). Accessed Dec. 6, 2001 at http://www.falklands-nature.demon.co.uk/news/news0700.html .</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Lima and Paez (1995) Growth and reproductive patterns in the South American fur seal. J Mammalogy, 76:1249-1255.</full-reference>
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  <table-of-contents>
    <item>
      <id>3</id>
      <label>Description</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>301</id>
      <label>Barcode</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>302</id>
      <label>Nucleotide Sequences</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>267</id>
      <label>Morphology</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>232</id>
      <label>Reproduction and Life History</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>70</id>
      <label>Behavior</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>4</id>
      <label>Ecology and Distribution</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>20</id>
      <label>Distribution</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>41</id>
      <label>Habitat</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>285</id>
      <label>Associations</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>297</id>
      <label>Trophic Strategy</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>8</id>
      <label>Conservation</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>286</id>
      <label>Conservation Status</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>6</id>
      <label>Relevance</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>251</id>
      <label>Uses</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>300</id>
      <label>Wikipedia</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>9</id>
      <label>Biodiversity Heritage Library</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>7</id>
      <label>References and More Information</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>17</id>
      <label>Literature References</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>226</id>
      <label>Specialist Projects</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>298</id>
      <label>Biomedical Terms</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>227</id>
      <label>Search the Web</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>13</id>
      <label>Common Names</label>
    </item>
  </table-of-contents>
  <ancestors>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">1</id>
      <canonical-form>Animalia</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Animalia</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">694</id>
      <canonical-form>Chordata</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Chordata</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">1642</id>
      <canonical-form>Mammalia</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Mammalia</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">7662</id>
      <canonical-form>Carnivora</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Carnivora</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">7667</id>
      <canonical-form>Otariidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Otariidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">42388</id>
      <canonical-form>Arctocephalus</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Arctocephalus</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">328623</id>
      <canonical-form>Arctocephalus australis</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>Least Concern (LC)</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>&lt;i&gt;Arctocephalus australis&lt;/i&gt; (Zimmermann, 1783)</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
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MS Education - Johns Hopkins University
ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia


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      <username>peter</username>
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    <user>
      <credentials>Ph.D., University of Bristol (1976)
D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
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      <credentials>Asst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere.  Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 2005</credentials>
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    <user>
      <credentials>University of Michigan, PhD 1997
Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)

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      <credentials>EOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universit&#228;t Berlin 1989</credentials>
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    <user>
      <credentials>William Miller, PhD
Assistant Professor
Baker University
Dept. of Biology
PO Box 65
Baldwin city, Kansas 
66006-0065



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      <credentials>Active Member of Wildlife society of Africa, herpetological society of southern Africa and general manager and curator of reptile research and information center (Zebra Country lodge, Cullinan district Pretoria)</credentials>
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      <credentials>faculty, Department of Biology
University of Miami
Coral Gables, Fl 33124

AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi

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    <user>
      <credentials>Associate Professor of Biology, Curator of Mammals and Birds, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point

Yahnke CJ, 2006. Habitat use and natural history of small mammals in the Paraguayan chaco. Mastozoologia Neotropical, 13(1);103-116.

Yahnke CJ, 2006. Testing optimal foraging theory using bird predation on goldenrod galls. American Biology Teacher, 68(8):471-475.

Yahnke CJ, PL Meserve, TG Ksiazek, and JN Mills. 2001. Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan chaco.  American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65(6):768-776.

Yahnke CJ, I Gamarra de Fox, and F Colman. 1998. Mammalian species richness in Paraguay: the effectiveness of national parks in preserving biodiversity.  Biological Conservation 84:263-268.

Yahnke CJ, J Unger, BA Lohr, DA Meritt, and W Heuschele. 1997.  Age specific fecundity, litter size, and sex ratio in the chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri).  Zoo Biology 16:301-307.

Yahnke, CJ, WE Johnson, E Geffen, D Smith, F Hertel, MS Roy, CF Bonacic, TK Fuller, B Van Valkenburgh, and RK Wayne. 1996. Darwin&#8217;s fox: a distinct endangered species in a vanishing habitat.  Conservation Biology 10:366-375.

Yahnke CJ. 1995.  Metachromism and the insight of Wilfred Osgood: evidence of common ancestry for Darwin&#8217;s fox and the Sechura fox.  Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 68:459-467

American Society of Mammalogists
National Association of Biology Teachers
Sigma XI
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    <user>
      <credentials>Emeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin

Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.

Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.

Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.

Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D.  (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway.  Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.

Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse  Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles.  Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.</credentials>
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      <credentials>Curator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum)
Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. &amp; Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow &amp; Rob van Soest. PDf and website</credentials>
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      <credentials>40+ years employed as collecting marine organisms, 20+yrs to present as supervisor of marine organism collecting department @ MBL, Woods Hole.
        
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