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<taxon-page>
  <id type="integer">328624</id>
  <canonical-form>Arctocephalus galapagoensis</canonical-form>
  <iucn-conservation-status>Endangered (EN)</iucn-conservation-status>
  <scientific-name>&lt;i&gt;Arctocephalus galapagoensis&lt;/i&gt; Heller, 1904</scientific-name>
  <common-names>
    <item>
      <language_label></language_label>
      <string>Galapagos fur seal</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>de</language_label>
      <string>Gal&#225;pagos-Seeb&#228;r</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>Gal&#225;pagos fur seal</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>Galapagos fur seal</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>Galapagos islands fur seal</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>es</language_label>
      <string>Oso marino de las gal&#225;pagos</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>fr</language_label>
      <string>Arctoc&#233;phale des galapagos</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>fr</language_label>
      <string>Arctocephalus galapagoensis</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>ja</language_label>
      <string>&#12460;&#12521;&#12497;&#12468;&#12473;&#12458;&#12483;&#12488;&#12475;&#12452;</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>lt</language_label>
      <string>Arctocephalus galapagoensis</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>mn</language_label>
      <string>&#1043;&#1072;&#1083;&#1072;&#1087;&#1072;&#1075;&#1086;&#1089; &#1076;&#1072;&#1083;&#1072;&#1081;&#1085; &#1093;&#1072;&#1074;</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>nl</language_label>
      <string>Gal&#225;pagoszeebeer</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>pl</language_label>
      <string>Kotik galapagoski</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>pt</language_label>
      <string>Lobo-marinho-de-gal&#225;pagos</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>sv</language_label>
      <string>Galapagosp&#228;lss&#228;l</string>
    </item>
  </common-names>
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        <full-reference>Gentry, R., G. Kooyman. 1986. FUR SEALS: Maternal strategies on Land and Sea. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Limberger, D., F. Trillmich, H. Biebach, R. Stevenson. 1986. Temperature regulation and microhabitat choice by free-ranging Galapagos fur seal pups (Arctocephalus galapagoensis). Oecologia, 69: 53-59.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Nowak, R. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Reidman, M. 1990. The Pinnipeds: seals, sea lions and walruses. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">1</published>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Trillmich, F. 1984. The Natural History of the Galapagos fur seal, Arctocephalus galapagoensis, Heller.. Pp. 215-223 in R. Perry, ed. Key Environments: Galapagos. Oxford: Pergamon.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Trillmich, F., D. Limberger. 1985. Drastic effects of El Nino on Galapagos pinnipeds. Oecologia, 67: 19-22.</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">1</published>
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        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Trites, A. 1990. Thermal Budgets and climate spaces: the impact of weather on the survival of Galapagos (Arctocephalus galapagoensis Heller) and northern fur seal pups (Callorhinus ursinus L.). Functional Ecology, 4: 753-768.</full-reference>
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        <taxon-id type="NilClass">324234</taxon-id>
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        <full-reference>Gentry, R., G. Kooyman. 1986. FUR SEALS: Maternal strategies on Land and Sea. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">1</published>
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        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1073846</taxon-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Limberger, D., F. Trillmich, H. Biebach, R. Stevenson. 1986. Temperature regulation and microhabitat choice by free-ranging Galapagos fur seal pups (Arctocephalus galapagoensis). Oecologia, 69: 53-59.</full-reference>
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        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1073846</taxon-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Nowak, R. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Reidman, M. 1990. The Pinnipeds: seals, sea lions and walruses. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">1533</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">1533</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1073846</taxon-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Trillmich, F. 1984. The Natural History of the Galapagos fur seal, Arctocephalus galapagoensis, Heller.. Pp. 215-223 in R. Perry, ed. Key Environments: Galapagos. Oxford: Pergamon.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">1534</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">1534</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1073846</taxon-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Trillmich, F., D. Limberger. 1985. Drastic effects of El Nino on Galapagos pinnipeds. Oecologia, 67: 19-22.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">1535</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">1535</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1073846</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Trites, A. 1990. Thermal Budgets and climate spaces: the impact of weather on the survival of Galapagos (Arctocephalus galapagoensis Heller) and northern fur seal pups (Callorhinus ursinus L.). Functional Ecology, 4: 753-768.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Gentry, R., G. Kooyman. 1986. FUR SEALS: Maternal strategies on Land and Sea. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">1</published>
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        <full-reference>Limberger, D., F. Trillmich, H. Biebach, R. Stevenson. 1986. Temperature regulation and microhabitat choice by free-ranging Galapagos fur seal pups (Arctocephalus galapagoensis). Oecologia, 69: 53-59.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Nowak, R. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">1</published>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Reidman, M. 1990. The Pinnipeds: seals, sea lions and walruses. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">1533</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Trillmich, F. 1984. The Natural History of the Galapagos fur seal, Arctocephalus galapagoensis, Heller.. Pp. 215-223 in R. Perry, ed. Key Environments: Galapagos. Oxford: Pergamon.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Trillmich, F., D. Limberger. 1985. Drastic effects of El Nino on Galapagos pinnipeds. Oecologia, 67: 19-22.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Trites, A. 1990. Thermal Budgets and climate spaces: the impact of weather on the survival of Galapagos (Arctocephalus galapagoensis Heller) and northern fur seal pups (Callorhinus ursinus L.). Functional Ecology, 4: 753-768.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>URMO (2009). &lt;i&gt;Arctocephalus galapagoensis&lt;/i&gt; Heller, 1904. Accessed through: Van der Land, J. (Ed) (2009). UNESCO IOC Register of Marine Organisms at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=255008 on 2010-01-07</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>1. IUCN Red List  (November, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iucnredlist.org&quot;&gt;http://www.iucnredlist.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">686699</id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>4. CITES  (April, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cites.org&quot;&gt;http://www.cites.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">686990</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
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        <full-reference>2. Reijnders, P., Brasseur, S., van der Toorn, J., van der Wolf, P., Boyd, I., Harwood, J., Lavigne, D. and Lowry, L. (1993) &lt;i&gt;Seals, Fur Seals, Sea Lions, and Walrus: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan&lt;/i&gt;. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690172</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1419954</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>3. Arnould, J.P.Y. (2002) Southern fur seals: Arctocephalus spp. In: Perrin, W.F., W&#252;rsig, B. and Thewissen, J.G.M. Eds. &lt;i&gt;Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals&lt;/i&gt;. Academic Press, London.</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690173</ref-id>
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        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>5. Jefferson, T.A., Leatherwood, S. and Webber, M.A. (1993) &lt;i&gt;Marine Mammals of the World&lt;/i&gt;. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690174</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690174</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1419954</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>6. Clark, T.W. (1975) &lt;i&gt;Arctocephalus galapagoensis&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Mammalian Species&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;64&lt;/b&gt;: 1 - 2.</full-reference>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>7. Nowak, R.M. (1999) &lt;i&gt;Walker's Mammals of the World&lt;/i&gt;. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">1</published>
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      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>8. Bowen, W.D., Beck, C.A. and Austin, D.A. (2002) Pinniped ecology. In: Perrin, W.F., W&#252;rsig, B. and Thewissen, J.G.M. Eds. &lt;i&gt;Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals&lt;/i&gt;. Academic Press, London.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>9. UNEP-WCMC: Galapagos National Park and Marine Reserve  (May, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Galapagos.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Galapagos.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>1. IUCN Red List  (November, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iucnredlist.org&quot;&gt;http://www.iucnredlist.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>4. CITES  (April, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cites.org&quot;&gt;http://www.cites.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">686990</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">686990</ref-id>
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        <full-reference>2. Reijnders, P., Brasseur, S., van der Toorn, J., van der Wolf, P., Boyd, I., Harwood, J., Lavigne, D. and Lowry, L. (1993) &lt;i&gt;Seals, Fur Seals, Sea Lions, and Walrus: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan&lt;/i&gt;. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.</full-reference>
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        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2375317</taxon-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>3. Arnould, J.P.Y. (2002) Southern fur seals: Arctocephalus spp. In: Perrin, W.F., W&#252;rsig, B. and Thewissen, J.G.M. Eds. &lt;i&gt;Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals&lt;/i&gt;. Academic Press, London.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>5. Jefferson, T.A., Leatherwood, S. and Webber, M.A. (1993) &lt;i&gt;Marine Mammals of the World&lt;/i&gt;. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome.</full-reference>
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        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>6. Clark, T.W. (1975) &lt;i&gt;Arctocephalus galapagoensis&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Mammalian Species&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;64&lt;/b&gt;: 1 - 2.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>7. Nowak, R.M. (1999) &lt;i&gt;Walker's Mammals of the World&lt;/i&gt;. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>8. Bowen, W.D., Beck, C.A. and Austin, D.A. (2002) Pinniped ecology. In: Perrin, W.F., W&#252;rsig, B. and Thewissen, J.G.M. Eds. &lt;i&gt;Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals&lt;/i&gt;. Academic Press, London.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>9. UNEP-WCMC: Galapagos National Park and Marine Reserve  (May, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Galapagos.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Galapagos.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>1. IUCN Red List  (November, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iucnredlist.org&quot;&gt;http://www.iucnredlist.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">686699</id>
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        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>4. CITES  (April, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cites.org&quot;&gt;http://www.cites.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">686990</id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>2. Reijnders, P., Brasseur, S., van der Toorn, J., van der Wolf, P., Boyd, I., Harwood, J., Lavigne, D. and Lowry, L. (1993) &lt;i&gt;Seals, Fur Seals, Sea Lions, and Walrus: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan&lt;/i&gt;. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690172</id>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>3. Arnould, J.P.Y. (2002) Southern fur seals: Arctocephalus spp. In: Perrin, W.F., W&#252;rsig, B. and Thewissen, J.G.M. Eds. &lt;i&gt;Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals&lt;/i&gt;. Academic Press, London.</full-reference>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>5. Jefferson, T.A., Leatherwood, S. and Webber, M.A. (1993) &lt;i&gt;Marine Mammals of the World&lt;/i&gt;. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690174</id>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>6. Clark, T.W. (1975) &lt;i&gt;Arctocephalus galapagoensis&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Mammalian Species&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;64&lt;/b&gt;: 1 - 2.</full-reference>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>7. Nowak, R.M. (1999) &lt;i&gt;Walker's Mammals of the World&lt;/i&gt;. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690176</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
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      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>8. Bowen, W.D., Beck, C.A. and Austin, D.A. (2002) Pinniped ecology. In: Perrin, W.F., W&#252;rsig, B. and Thewissen, J.G.M. Eds. &lt;i&gt;Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals&lt;/i&gt;. Academic Press, London.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>9. UNEP-WCMC: Galapagos National Park and Marine Reserve  (May, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Galapagos.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Galapagos.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>1. IUCN Red List  (November, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iucnredlist.org&quot;&gt;http://www.iucnredlist.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>4. CITES  (April, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cites.org&quot;&gt;http://www.cites.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">686990</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>2. Reijnders, P., Brasseur, S., van der Toorn, J., van der Wolf, P., Boyd, I., Harwood, J., Lavigne, D. and Lowry, L. (1993) &lt;i&gt;Seals, Fur Seals, Sea Lions, and Walrus: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan&lt;/i&gt;. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690172</id>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>3. Arnould, J.P.Y. (2002) Southern fur seals: Arctocephalus spp. In: Perrin, W.F., W&#252;rsig, B. and Thewissen, J.G.M. Eds. &lt;i&gt;Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals&lt;/i&gt;. Academic Press, London.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>5. Jefferson, T.A., Leatherwood, S. and Webber, M.A. (1993) &lt;i&gt;Marine Mammals of the World&lt;/i&gt;. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome.</full-reference>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>6. Clark, T.W. (1975) &lt;i&gt;Arctocephalus galapagoensis&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Mammalian Species&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;64&lt;/b&gt;: 1 - 2.</full-reference>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>7. Nowak, R.M. (1999) &lt;i&gt;Walker's Mammals of the World&lt;/i&gt;. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690176</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>8. Bowen, W.D., Beck, C.A. and Austin, D.A. (2002) Pinniped ecology. In: Perrin, W.F., W&#252;rsig, B. and Thewissen, J.G.M. Eds. &lt;i&gt;Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals&lt;/i&gt;. Academic Press, London.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>9. UNEP-WCMC: Galapagos National Park and Marine Reserve  (May, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Galapagos.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Galapagos.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>1. IUCN Red List  (November, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iucnredlist.org&quot;&gt;http://www.iucnredlist.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>4. CITES  (April, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cites.org&quot;&gt;http://www.cites.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>2. Reijnders, P., Brasseur, S., van der Toorn, J., van der Wolf, P., Boyd, I., Harwood, J., Lavigne, D. and Lowry, L. (1993) &lt;i&gt;Seals, Fur Seals, Sea Lions, and Walrus: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan&lt;/i&gt;. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690172</id>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>3. Arnould, J.P.Y. (2002) Southern fur seals: Arctocephalus spp. In: Perrin, W.F., W&#252;rsig, B. and Thewissen, J.G.M. Eds. &lt;i&gt;Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals&lt;/i&gt;. Academic Press, London.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>5. Jefferson, T.A., Leatherwood, S. and Webber, M.A. (1993) &lt;i&gt;Marine Mammals of the World&lt;/i&gt;. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome.</full-reference>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>6. Clark, T.W. (1975) &lt;i&gt;Arctocephalus galapagoensis&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Mammalian Species&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;64&lt;/b&gt;: 1 - 2.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>7. Nowak, R.M. (1999) &lt;i&gt;Walker's Mammals of the World&lt;/i&gt;. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690176</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>8. Bowen, W.D., Beck, C.A. and Austin, D.A. (2002) Pinniped ecology. In: Perrin, W.F., W&#252;rsig, B. and Thewissen, J.G.M. Eds. &lt;i&gt;Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals&lt;/i&gt;. Academic Press, London.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>9. UNEP-WCMC: Galapagos National Park and Marine Reserve  (May, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Galapagos.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Galapagos.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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    <refs type="array">
      <ref>
        <full-reference>1. IUCN Red List  (November, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iucnredlist.org&quot;&gt;http://www.iucnredlist.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>4. CITES  (April, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cites.org&quot;&gt;http://www.cites.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>2. Reijnders, P., Brasseur, S., van der Toorn, J., van der Wolf, P., Boyd, I., Harwood, J., Lavigne, D. and Lowry, L. (1993) &lt;i&gt;Seals, Fur Seals, Sea Lions, and Walrus: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan&lt;/i&gt;. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690172</id>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>3. Arnould, J.P.Y. (2002) Southern fur seals: Arctocephalus spp. In: Perrin, W.F., W&#252;rsig, B. and Thewissen, J.G.M. Eds. &lt;i&gt;Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals&lt;/i&gt;. Academic Press, London.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>5. Jefferson, T.A., Leatherwood, S. and Webber, M.A. (1993) &lt;i&gt;Marine Mammals of the World&lt;/i&gt;. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>6. Clark, T.W. (1975) &lt;i&gt;Arctocephalus galapagoensis&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Mammalian Species&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;64&lt;/b&gt;: 1 - 2.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>7. Nowak, R.M. (1999) &lt;i&gt;Walker's Mammals of the World&lt;/i&gt;. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.</full-reference>
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      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>8. Bowen, W.D., Beck, C.A. and Austin, D.A. (2002) Pinniped ecology. In: Perrin, W.F., W&#252;rsig, B. and Thewissen, J.G.M. Eds. &lt;i&gt;Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals&lt;/i&gt;. Academic Press, London.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>9. UNEP-WCMC: Galapagos National Park and Marine Reserve  (May, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Galapagos.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Galapagos.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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    <refs type="array">
      <ref>
        <full-reference>1. IUCN Red List  (November, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iucnredlist.org&quot;&gt;http://www.iucnredlist.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>4. CITES  (April, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cites.org&quot;&gt;http://www.cites.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>2. Reijnders, P., Brasseur, S., van der Toorn, J., van der Wolf, P., Boyd, I., Harwood, J., Lavigne, D. and Lowry, L. (1993) &lt;i&gt;Seals, Fur Seals, Sea Lions, and Walrus: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan&lt;/i&gt;. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>5. Jefferson, T.A., Leatherwood, S. and Webber, M.A. (1993) &lt;i&gt;Marine Mammals of the World&lt;/i&gt;. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>5. Jefferson, T.A., Leatherwood, S. and Webber, M.A. (1993) &lt;i&gt;Marine Mammals of the World&lt;/i&gt;. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>7. Nowak, R.M. (1999) &lt;i&gt;Walker's Mammals of the World&lt;/i&gt;. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>8. Bowen, W.D., Beck, C.A. and Austin, D.A. (2002) Pinniped ecology. In: Perrin, W.F., W&#252;rsig, B. and Thewissen, J.G.M. Eds. &lt;i&gt;Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals&lt;/i&gt;. Academic Press, London.</full-reference>
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        <description>On the rocky shores of the Galapagos Islands, six to ten Galapagos fur seals may occupy an area of about 100 square metres (7).  Grouping together in this manner may be largely due to the rarity of suitable rocky sites, but it also has the benefit of females being less vulnerable to predation or harassment when in large groups (8).  Breeding males establish larger territories, around 200 square metres, which encompass a number of females (7).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The breeding season lasts from mid-August to mid-November (5), when the cooler temperatures mean less heat stress and a greater availability of prey (7).  A peak of births occurs in the last week of September or the first week of October (5), when females give birth to a single pup that has been carried for eight to twelve months (3).  For the first five to ten days, the mother will stay with her newborn, but after this period, she alternates one to three days of feeding at sea with one to two days ashore with the pup.  The pup is nursed for two to three years, sometimes even longer (7).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Just eight days after giving birth, the female mates (7).  Being a polygynous mammal, one male may mate with between six and sixteen females within his territory (8).  The rough terrain and large size of the male's territory means that it can be difficult to successfully defend all the females within the area, and a rival male may sometimes invade and mate with a female (7).  Defending a territory with threats and fighting can be tiring work, so the male can often be seen cooling off in the sea at midday (7).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although all females mate shortly after giving birth, only a small percentage will give birth the following year if they are still feeding a pup.  If a pup is born to a female that is still feeding a pup from the previous year, the newborn often starves, or is occasionally killed by the older sibling (7).  Females mature at three to four years of age, while males become territorial breeding bulls between seven and ten years old (2).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While the Galapagos fur seal is capable of diving to much greater depths, it mainly undertakes short dives to between 10 and 50 metres (2) (3), where it feeds on a variety of fish and small squid (2) (5).</description>
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      <label>Nucleotide Sequences</label>
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      <label>Search the Web</label>
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      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
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      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
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      <canonical-form>Arctocephalus</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
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Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere.  Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 2005</credentials>
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PO Box 65
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Yahnke CJ, 2006. Habitat use and natural history of small mammals in the Paraguayan chaco. Mastozoologia Neotropical, 13(1);103-116.

Yahnke CJ, 2006. Testing optimal foraging theory using bird predation on goldenrod galls. American Biology Teacher, 68(8):471-475.

Yahnke CJ, PL Meserve, TG Ksiazek, and JN Mills. 2001. Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan chaco.  American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65(6):768-776.

Yahnke CJ, I Gamarra de Fox, and F Colman. 1998. Mammalian species richness in Paraguay: the effectiveness of national parks in preserving biodiversity.  Biological Conservation 84:263-268.

Yahnke CJ, J Unger, BA Lohr, DA Meritt, and W Heuschele. 1997.  Age specific fecundity, litter size, and sex ratio in the chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri).  Zoo Biology 16:301-307.

Yahnke, CJ, WE Johnson, E Geffen, D Smith, F Hertel, MS Roy, CF Bonacic, TK Fuller, B Van Valkenburgh, and RK Wayne. 1996. Darwin&#8217;s fox: a distinct endangered species in a vanishing habitat.  Conservation Biology 10:366-375.

Yahnke CJ. 1995.  Metachromism and the insight of Wilfred Osgood: evidence of common ancestry for Darwin&#8217;s fox and the Sechura fox.  Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 68:459-467

American Society of Mammalogists
National Association of Biology Teachers
Sigma XI
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      <username>cyahnke</username>
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    <user>
      <credentials>Emeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin

Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.

Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.

Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.

Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D.  (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway.  Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.

Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse  Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles.  Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.</credentials>
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      <credentials>Affiliated with EOL Species Pages Group</credentials>
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      <credentials>Staff in a natural history museum
Member of a professional society (SECEM)</credentials>
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      <username>eliadelom</username>
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      <credentials>Curator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum)
Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. &amp; Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow &amp; Rob van Soest. PDf and website</credentials>
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