328635Monachus schauinslandiCritically Endangered (CR)<i>Monachus schauinslandi</i> Matschie, 1905Hawaiian monk sealbrReunig manac'h Hawaiiencommon Hawaiian monk sealenHawaiian monk sealesFoca fraile de hawaiiesMonachus schauinslandiheכלב ים נזירי הוואיhuHawaii barátfókajaハワイモンクアザラシko하와이몽크물범nlHawaiiaanse monniksrobplMniszka hawajskaptFoca-monge-do-havaíruГавайский тюлень-монахKing, J. 1964. Seals of the World. British Museum of Natural History, London. pp. 75-77.10851110851325961false1Leatherwood, S., Reeves, R., and Stewart, B. The Sierra Club Handbook of Seals and &Sirenians. Sierra Club Books, San Francisco, 1992. pp 252-257.10852110852325961false1MacDonald, D. 1984. Encyclopedia of Mammals. Equinox, NY pp 276, 288-289.10853110853325961false1Matthews, J.R. 1990. The Official WWF Guide to Endangered Species of North America. Walton Beacham, Washington D.C. pp. 498-499.10854110854325961false1Riedman, M. 1990. The Pinnipeds -- Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses. Univ. Calif. Press, Los Angeles. pp. 21, 193, 280, 303.10855110855325961false1Thornbeck, J., and M. Jenkins. 1982. The IUCN Mammal Red Data Book. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. pp. 413.10856110856325961false1Walker, E. P. 1991. Walker's Mammals of the World. Vol 2. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore. pp. 1250-1251.10857110857325961false1King, J. 1964. Seals of the World. British Museum of Natural History, London. pp. 75-77.108511108511075845false1Leatherwood, S., Reeves, R., and Stewart, B. The Sierra Club Handbook of Seals and &Sirenians. Sierra Club Books, San Francisco, 1992. pp 252-257.108521108521075845false1MacDonald, D. 1984. Encyclopedia of Mammals. Equinox, NY pp 276, 288-289.108531108531075845false1Matthews, J.R. 1990. The Official WWF Guide to Endangered Species of North America. Walton Beacham, Washington D.C. pp. 498-499.108541108541075845false1Riedman, M. 1990. The Pinnipeds -- Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses. Univ. Calif. Press, Los Angeles. pp. 21, 193, 280, 303.108551108551075845false1Thornbeck, J., and M. Jenkins. 1982. The IUCN Mammal Red Data Book. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. pp. 413.108561108561075845false1Walker, E. P. 1991. Walker's Mammals of the World. Vol 2. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore. pp. 1250-1251.108571108571075845false1King, J. 1964. Seals of the World. British Museum of Natural History, London. pp. 75-77.108511108511139683false1Leatherwood, S., Reeves, R., and Stewart, B. The Sierra Club Handbook of Seals and &Sirenians. Sierra Club Books, San Francisco, 1992. pp 252-257.108521108521139683false1MacDonald, D. 1984. Encyclopedia of Mammals. Equinox, NY pp 276, 288-289.108531108531139683false1Matthews, J.R. 1990. The Official WWF Guide to Endangered Species of North America. Walton Beacham, Washington D.C. pp. 498-499.108541108541139683false1Riedman, M. 1990. The Pinnipeds -- Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses. Univ. Calif. Press, Los Angeles. pp. 21, 193, 280, 303.108551108551139683false1Thornbeck, J., and M. Jenkins. 1982. The IUCN Mammal Red Data Book. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. pp. 413.108561108561139683false1Walker, E. P. 1991. Walker's Mammals of the World. Vol 2. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore. pp. 1250-1251.108571108571139683false1URMO (2009). <i>Monachus schauinslandi</i> Matschie, 1905. Accessed through: Van der Land, J. (Ed) (2009). UNESCO IOC Register of Marine Organisms at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=255019 on 2010-01-071348161113481613857348false11. IUCN Red List (November, 2008) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68669916866991420280false13. CITES (November, 2002) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>68775016877501420280false12. Macdonald, D. (2001) <i>The New Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69005316900531420280false14. Monachus.com (November, 2002) <a href="http://www.monachus.org/profiles/hawaseal.htm">http://www.monachus.org/profiles/hawaseal.htm</a>69188416918841420280false15. Animal Diversity Web (November, 2002) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/monachus/m._schauinslandi$narrative.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/monachus/m._schauinslandi$narrative.html</a>69188516918851420280false16. National Marine Fisheries Service (November, 2002) <a href="http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/prot_res/PR2/Stock_Assessment_Program/Pinnipeds/Hawaiian_Monk_Seal/PO01hawaiianmonkseal_hawaii.pdf">http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/prot_res/PR2/Stock_Assessment_Program/Pinnipeds/Hawaiian_Monk_Seal/PO01hawaiianmonkseal_hawaii.pdf</a>69188616918861420280false17. Marine Mammal Commission (November, 2002) <a href="http://www.monachus-guardian.org/library/mmcrep02.pdf">http://www.monachus-guardian.org/library/mmcrep02.pdf</a>69188716918871420280false18. Gilmartin, B. (2005) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69188816918881420280false1Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.73092417309242391317false1David Macdonald (1985) The Encyclopedia of Mammals. Facts on File: New York.73093417309342391317false1Monk seals are predominately solitary although females with young may be observed near each other due to limited areas offering the preferred habitat type for pupping (8). Females are sexually mature at around five to six years of age and tend to give birth to a single pup; the majority of births occur between March and June (4). Females suckle their young for around six weeks (8). Males become extremely aggressive during the breeding season and groups of males can sometimes kill females or juveniles in what is known as 'mobbing' during this time (2). Hawaiian monk seals have a similar fat content to their relatives that inhabit cooler, polar waters and have developed behavioural adaptations to cope with the warmth of their tropical habitat; they are mainly nocturnal, spending the day hauled out on sandy beaches often wallowing in wet sand by the waters edge (5).</p><p>Monk seals feed on a variety of marine animals from fish, including eels, to cephalopods such as octopus and squid (4). They forage at depths of up to 100 metres, but are known to dive to 500 metres, and may travel large distances to foraging locations (5).d38f9de0194982b608929feed5efbf702607876WildscreenCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008ARKiveCopyrightCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008. Some rights reservedhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/SupplierARKivehttp://www.arkive.org/5978arkiveLocationSource URLView original data objecthttp://www.arkive.org/hawaiian-monk-seal/monachus-schauinslandi/CitationEnglishcc-by-nc-sa 3.0Texthttp://content9.eol.org/content_large.jpghttp://content10.eol.org/content_medium.jpghttp://content1.eol.org/content_small.jpg13290301302232704204129783328662512953009717226298227131AnimaliaNOT EVALUATEDAnimalia694ChordataNOT EVALUATEDChordata1642MammaliaNOT EVALUATEDMammalia7662CarnivoraNOT EVALUATEDCarnivora7666PhocidaeNOT EVALUATEDPhocidae42393MonachusNOT EVALUATEDMonachus328635Monachus schauinslandiCritically Endangered (CR)<i>Monachus schauinslandi</i> Matschie, 1905Portland State University, MA Education
7klansBA Physics - Johns Hopkins University
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D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
11paddydeveloper13pleary11793wilsondAsst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
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Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
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Yahnke CJ, 2006. Habitat use and natural history of small mammals in the Paraguayan chaco. Mastozoologia Neotropical, 13(1);103-116.
Yahnke CJ, 2006. Testing optimal foraging theory using bird predation on goldenrod galls. American Biology Teacher, 68(8):471-475.
Yahnke CJ, PL Meserve, TG Ksiazek, and JN Mills. 2001. Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan chaco. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65(6):768-776.
Yahnke CJ, I Gamarra de Fox, and F Colman. 1998. Mammalian species richness in Paraguay: the effectiveness of national parks in preserving biodiversity. Biological Conservation 84:263-268.
Yahnke CJ, J Unger, BA Lohr, DA Meritt, and W Heuschele. 1997. Age specific fecundity, litter size, and sex ratio in the chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri). Zoo Biology 16:301-307.
Yahnke, CJ, WE Johnson, E Geffen, D Smith, F Hertel, MS Roy, CF Bonacic, TK Fuller, B Van Valkenburgh, and RK Wayne. 1996. Darwin’s fox: a distinct endangered species in a vanishing habitat. Conservation Biology 10:366-375.
Yahnke CJ. 1995. Metachromism and the insight of Wilfred Osgood: evidence of common ancestry for Darwin’s fox and the Sechura fox. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 68:459-467
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Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.
Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.
Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D. (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.
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