328644Trichechus manatusVulnerable (VU)<i>Trichechus manatus</i> Linnaeus, 1758Caribbean manateeFlorida manateeWest Indian manateebrEjen-mor KaribcsKapustňák širokonosýdeKaribik-ManatienAmerican manateeenAntillean manateeenCaribbean manateeenFlorida manateeenmanateeenManatienNorth american manateeenSea cowenVaca MarinaenWest Indian manateeesLamantino norteamericanaesManatí del CaribeesManatÌ del CaribeesManatí norteamericanofrLamantin d'amérique du nordfrLamantin des antillesfrLamantin des caraïbesfrTrichechus manatushuKaribi manátuszjaアメリカマナティーnlCaribische lamantijnptPeixe-boi-marinhosrСеверноамерички ламантинFPL. 1989. "The West Indian Manatee in Florida" (On-line). Accessed November 18, 1999 at http://www.fpl.com/html/kid_manateebook.html .17766117766327217false1Marsh, H. 1994. Sirenian status and conservation efforts. Aquatic Mammals, 20(3): 155-170.17767117767327217false1Nowak, R. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World. 6th edition. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.17768117768327217false1Oshea, T., V. Correa, M. Ludlow, J. Robinson. 1988. Distribution status and traditional significance of the West Indian Manatee, Trichechus Manatus, in Venezuela. Biological Conservation, 46(4): 281-302.17769117769327217false1Rathbun, G. 1990. Manatees. Pp. 525-528 in B. Grzimek, ed. Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals, Vol. 4. NJ: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.17770117770327217false1Reynolds, J. 1995. Status and conservation of manatees, Trichechus manatus manatus, in Costa Rica. Biological Conservation, 71(2): 193-196.17771117771327217false1FPL. 1989. "The West Indian Manatee in Florida" (On-line). Accessed November 18, 1999 at http://www.fpl.com/html/kid_manateebook.html .177661177661077312false1Marsh, H. 1994. Sirenian status and conservation efforts. Aquatic Mammals, 20(3): 155-170.177671177671077312false1Nowak, R. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World. 6th edition. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.177681177681077312false1Oshea, T., V. Correa, M. Ludlow, J. Robinson. 1988. Distribution status and traditional significance of the West Indian Manatee, Trichechus Manatus, in Venezuela. Biological Conservation, 46(4): 281-302.177691177691077312false1Rathbun, G. 1990. Manatees. Pp. 525-528 in B. Grzimek, ed. Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals, Vol. 4. NJ: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.177701177701077312false1Reynolds, J. 1995. Status and conservation of manatees, Trichechus manatus manatus, in Costa Rica. Biological Conservation, 71(2): 193-196.177711177711077312false1FPL. 1989. "The West Indian Manatee in Florida" (On-line). Accessed November 18, 1999 at http://www.fpl.com/html/kid_manateebook.html .177661177661141150false1Marsh, H. 1994. Sirenian status and conservation efforts. Aquatic Mammals, 20(3): 155-170.177671177671141150false1Nowak, R. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World. 6th edition. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.177681177681141150false1Oshea, T., V. Correa, M. Ludlow, J. Robinson. 1988. Distribution status and traditional significance of the West Indian Manatee, Trichechus Manatus, in Venezuela. Biological Conservation, 46(4): 281-302.177691177691141150false1Rathbun, G. 1990. Manatees. Pp. 525-528 in B. Grzimek, ed. Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals, Vol. 4. NJ: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.177701177701141150false1Reynolds, J. 1995. Status and conservation of manatees, Trichechus manatus manatus, in Costa Rica. Biological Conservation, 71(2): 193-196.177711177711141150false1WoRMS (2009). <i>Trichechus manatus</i> Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=159509 on 2010-01-081378491113784913887235false11. IUCN Red List (October, 2007) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68643916864391420498false13. CITES (October, 2007) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>68795616879561420498false12. Reynolds, J.E. and Powell, J.A. (2002) Manatees. In: Perrin, W.F., Würsig, B. and Thewissen, J.G.M. Eds. <i>Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals</i>. Academic Press, London.69300016930001420498false14. CMS (October, 2007) <a href="http://www.cms.int">http://www.cms.int</a>69300116930011420498false15. Macdonald, D. (2006) <i>The New Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69300216930021420498false16. Save the Manatee Club (July, 2002) <a href="http://www.savethemanatee.org/">http://www.savethemanatee.org/</a>69300316930031420498false17. Reid, J. (November, 2002) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69300416930041420498false18. Reep, R.L., Marshall, C.D. and Stoll, M.L. (2002) Tactile hairs on the postcranial body in Florida manatees: a mammalian lateral line?. <i>Brain, Behavior and Evolution</i>, <b>59</b>: 141 - 154.69300516930051420498false19. US Fish and Wildlife Service. (2001) <i>Florida Manatee Recovery Plan, (Trichechus manatus latirostris), Third Revision</i>. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia.69300616930061420498false110. Burnie, D. (2001) <i>Animal</i>. Dorling Kindersley, London.69300716930071420498false1Caleb Finch (1990) Longevity, Senescence, and the Genome. University of Chicago Press: Chicago.73081317308132392265false1Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.73092417309242392265false1Ronald Nowak (1999) Walker's Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore.73092617309262392265false1Ronald Nowak (2003) Walker's Marine Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore.73094717309472392265false1These aquatic animals may live for over 50 years and exhibit a slow reproduction rate; they reach sexual maturity at three to five years old and at most they produce a single calf every two years. Pregnancy lasts for 11 to 14 months and the calf remains dependent on its mother for up to two years (5) (9). There is no distinct breeding season but when a female is receptive, many males may surround her in a mating herd and she will often mate with more than one male (6).</p><p>Manatees mainly feed on aquatic vegetation and can consume ten to fifteen percent of their body weight a day (6). Manatees in North America carry out seasonal migrations. They move to natural and industrial warm water sources in central and southern Florida in the winter, but can be found as far north as Virginia and the Carolinas when temperatures increase in the summer (6). Sirenians (manatees and dugongs) produce a large volume of gas, which is given off during the digestion of plant material and this makes them particularly buoyant, so much so that their bones are dense in order to compensate (10).4d1563824c4b5cc2b6b743f8abb482452609402WildscreenCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008ARKiveCopyrightCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008. Some rights reservedhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/SupplierARKivehttp://www.arkive.org/5978arkiveLocationSource URLView original data objecthttp://www.arkive.org/west-indian-manatee/trichechus-manatus/CitationEnglishcc-by-nc-sa 3.0Texthttp://content4.eol.org/content_large.jpghttp://content5.eol.org/content_medium.jpghttp://content6.eol.org/content_small.jpg13290194301302267232704204129783328662512953009717226298227131AnimaliaNOT EVALUATEDAnimalia694ChordataNOT EVALUATEDChordata1642MammaliaNOT EVALUATEDMammalia8708SireniaNOT EVALUATEDSirenia8710TrichechidaeNOT EVALUATEDTrichechidae34723TrichechusNOT EVALUATEDTrichechus328644Trichechus manatusVulnerable (VU)<i>Trichechus manatus</i> Linnaeus, 17581240955Trichechus manatus manatusNOT EVALUATED<i>Trichechus <i>manatus</i> manatus</i> Linnaeus, 17581251949Trichechus manatus latirostrisNOT EVALUATED<i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i> (Harlan, 1824)Portland State University, MA Education
7klansBA Physics - Johns Hopkins University
MS Education - Johns Hopkins University
ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia
10peterPh.D., University of Bristol (1976)
D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
11paddydeveloper13pleary11793wilsondAsst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 200520470jhammockUniversity of Michigan, PhD 1997
Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America.25567csparr33422mstuderCurator of Zoology (Fishes), Field Museum of Natural History34360mwestneatEOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universität Berlin 198935200KatjaWilliam Miller, PhD
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35508tuco36197MarthaTestuserB.A. Zoology, M.S. Embryology/physiology
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University of Miami
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http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html38707ksealeyAssociate Professor of Biology, Curator of Mammals and Birds, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point
Yahnke CJ, 2006. Habitat use and natural history of small mammals in the Paraguayan chaco. Mastozoologia Neotropical, 13(1);103-116.
Yahnke CJ, 2006. Testing optimal foraging theory using bird predation on goldenrod galls. American Biology Teacher, 68(8):471-475.
Yahnke CJ, PL Meserve, TG Ksiazek, and JN Mills. 2001. Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan chaco. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65(6):768-776.
Yahnke CJ, I Gamarra de Fox, and F Colman. 1998. Mammalian species richness in Paraguay: the effectiveness of national parks in preserving biodiversity. Biological Conservation 84:263-268.
Yahnke CJ, J Unger, BA Lohr, DA Meritt, and W Heuschele. 1997. Age specific fecundity, litter size, and sex ratio in the chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri). Zoo Biology 16:301-307.
Yahnke, CJ, WE Johnson, E Geffen, D Smith, F Hertel, MS Roy, CF Bonacic, TK Fuller, B Van Valkenburgh, and RK Wayne. 1996. Darwin’s fox: a distinct endangered species in a vanishing habitat. Conservation Biology 10:366-375.
Yahnke CJ. 1995. Metachromism and the insight of Wilfred Osgood: evidence of common ancestry for Darwin’s fox and the Sechura fox. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 68:459-467
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Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.
Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.
Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.
Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D. (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.
Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.39544jrynoldsAffiliated with EOL Species Pages Group39552lshapiroStaff in a natural history museum
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Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. & Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow & Rob van Soest. PDf and website40160BernardPicton0290