328645Trichechus senegalensisVulnerable (VU)<i>Trichechus senegalensis</i> Link, 1795African manateebrEjen-mor AfrikacsKapustňák senegalskýenAfrican manateeenWest African manateeesManatí de senegalesTrichechus senegalensisfiAfrikanmanaattifrLamantin d'afriquefrLamantin du sénégalhuAfrikai manátusznlWest-Afrikaanse LamantijnplManat afrykańskiruАфриканский ламантинNowak, R. M. 1991. Walker's Mammals of the World. Fifth Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.266112661327218false1Center for Marine Conservation. 1997. Manatees and Dugongs. http:// www.cmc-ocean.org./22231m2_manatee.html17772117772327218false1Grigione, M. M. 1996. Observations on the Status and Distribution of the West African Manatee in Cameroon. African Journal of Ecology, 34:189-195.17773117773327218false1Nishiwaki, M. 1984. Current Status of the African Manatee. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 172:135-136.17774117774327218false1Rathbun, G. B. 1990. Manatees. Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. McGraw-Hill, New York.17775117775327218false1Reeves, R. R., D. Tuboku-Metzger, and R. A. Kapindi. 1988. Distribution and Exploitation of Manatees in Sierra Leone. Oryx, 22:75-84.17776117776327218false1Robinson, P. T. 1971. Wildlife Trends in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Oryx, 11:117-122.17777117777327218false1Save the Manatee Club. 1997. Membership Handbook. Maitland, Florida.17778117778327218false1Sikes, S. 1974. How to Save the Mermaids. Oryx, 12:465-470.17779117779327218false1Nowak, R. M. 1991. Walker's Mammals of the World. Fifth Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.2661126611077313false1Center for Marine Conservation. 1997. Manatees and Dugongs. http:// www.cmc-ocean.org./22231m2_manatee.html177721177721077313false1Grigione, M. M. 1996. Observations on the Status and Distribution of the West African Manatee in Cameroon. African Journal of Ecology, 34:189-195.177731177731077313false1Nishiwaki, M. 1984. Current Status of the African Manatee. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 172:135-136.177741177741077313false1Rathbun, G. B. 1990. Manatees. Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. McGraw-Hill, New York.177751177751077313false1Reeves, R. R., D. Tuboku-Metzger, and R. A. Kapindi. 1988. Distribution and Exploitation of Manatees in Sierra Leone. Oryx, 22:75-84.177761177761077313false1Robinson, P. T. 1971. Wildlife Trends in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Oryx, 11:117-122.177771177771077313false1Save the Manatee Club. 1997. Membership Handbook. Maitland, Florida.177781177781077313false1Sikes, S. 1974. How to Save the Mermaids. Oryx, 12:465-470.177791177791077313false1Nowak, R. M. 1991. Walker's Mammals of the World. Fifth Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.2661126611141151false1Center for Marine Conservation. 1997. Manatees and Dugongs. http:// www.cmc-ocean.org./22231m2_manatee.html177721177721141151false1Grigione, M. M. 1996. Observations on the Status and Distribution of the West African Manatee in Cameroon. African Journal of Ecology, 34:189-195.177731177731141151false1Nishiwaki, M. 1984. Current Status of the African Manatee. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 172:135-136.177741177741141151false1Rathbun, G. B. 1990. Manatees. Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. McGraw-Hill, New York.177751177751141151false1Reeves, R. R., D. Tuboku-Metzger, and R. A. Kapindi. 1988. Distribution and Exploitation of Manatees in Sierra Leone. Oryx, 22:75-84.177761177761141151false1Robinson, P. T. 1971. Wildlife Trends in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Oryx, 11:117-122.177771177771141151false1Save the Manatee Club. 1997. Membership Handbook. Maitland, Florida.177781177781141151false1Sikes, S. 1974. How to Save the Mermaids. Oryx, 12:465-470.177791177791141151false1URMO (2009). <i>Trichechus senegalensis</i> Link, 1795. Accessed through: Van der Land, J. (Ed) (2009). UNESCO IOC Register of Marine Organisms at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=255027 on 2010-01-071348163113481633857350false11. IUCN Red List (October, 2007) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68643916864391420499false13. CITES (October, 2007) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>68795616879561420499false12. Husar, S.L. (1978) Trichechus senegalensis. <i>Mammalian Species</i>, <b>89</b>: 1 - 3.69300816930081420499false14. Silva, M.A. and Araújo, A. (2001) Distribution and current status of the West African manatee (<i>Trichechus senegalensis</i>) in Guinea-Bissau. <i>Marine Mammal Science</i>, <b>17</b> (2): 418 - 424.69300916930091420499false15. Domning, D.P. (2002) Sirenian Evolution. In: Perrin, W.F., Würsig, B. and Thewissen, J.G.M. Eds. <i>Encylopedia of Marine Mammals</i>. Academic Press, London.69301016930101420499false16. Reynolds III, J.E. and Powell, J.A. (2002) Manatees. In: Perrin, W.F., Würsig, B. and Thewissen, J.G.M. Eds. <i>Encylopedia of Marine Mammals</i>. Academic Press, London.69301116930111420499false1These gentle herbivores feed on plants growing within the water, and occasionally on the leaves of mangroves hanging over the water's edge (2), using their flexible flippers and bristly lips to push the vegetation into their mouths (6). African manatees consume such vast quantities of aquatic vegetation, maybe around 8,000 kilograms each year, that they have even been suggested as a natural method of aquatic weed control! (2). The large intestine of manatees is suitably enormous, sometimes up to 20 metres in length, in order to digest these great quantities (6). Even though the African manatee shares its habitat with sharks and crocodiles, humans are its only known predator (2).</p><p>The social structure of the African manatee is little-known; it was once believed to be a monogamous animal, living in groups of an adult pair with their calves; however now it is thought more likely that the only strong bond is between a female and her calf (2). Like other manatees, the African species is believed to form large mating herds, consisting of a female in oestrus and several males, remaining together for up to a month. Within the month, the female is only receptive to mating for a day or two, during which time the males will shove and push each other in an effort to mate with the female, and the female will mate with several males (6). The African manatee gives birth to a single calf at a time, in a weedy swamp or shallow lagoon (2). The metre long newborn remains with its mother, swimming close by her side, for the first one to two years of its life (6).65bf6347c375b7145c91410f99c334c72609409WildscreenCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008ARKiveCopyrightCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008. Some rights reservedhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/SupplierARKivehttp://www.arkive.org/5978arkiveLocationSource URLView original data objecthttp://www.arkive.org/african-manatee/trichechus-senegalensis/CitationEnglishcc-by-nc-sa 3.0Texthttp://content2.eol.org/content_large.jpghttp://content3.eol.org/content_medium.jpghttp://content4.eol.org/content_small.jpg13290302232704204129783328662512953009717226298227131AnimaliaNOT EVALUATEDAnimalia694ChordataNOT EVALUATEDChordata1642MammaliaNOT EVALUATEDMammalia8708SireniaNOT EVALUATEDSirenia8710TrichechidaeNOT EVALUATEDTrichechidae34723TrichechusNOT EVALUATEDTrichechus328645Trichechus senegalensisVulnerable (VU)<i>Trichechus senegalensis</i> Link, 1795Portland State University, MA Education
7klansBA Physics - Johns Hopkins University
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ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia
10peterPh.D., University of Bristol (1976)
D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
11paddydeveloper13pleary11793wilsondAsst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 200520470jhammockUniversity of Michigan, PhD 1997
Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
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Yahnke CJ, 2006. Habitat use and natural history of small mammals in the Paraguayan chaco. Mastozoologia Neotropical, 13(1);103-116.
Yahnke CJ, 2006. Testing optimal foraging theory using bird predation on goldenrod galls. American Biology Teacher, 68(8):471-475.
Yahnke CJ, PL Meserve, TG Ksiazek, and JN Mills. 2001. Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan chaco. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65(6):768-776.
Yahnke CJ, I Gamarra de Fox, and F Colman. 1998. Mammalian species richness in Paraguay: the effectiveness of national parks in preserving biodiversity. Biological Conservation 84:263-268.
Yahnke CJ, J Unger, BA Lohr, DA Meritt, and W Heuschele. 1997. Age specific fecundity, litter size, and sex ratio in the chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri). Zoo Biology 16:301-307.
Yahnke, CJ, WE Johnson, E Geffen, D Smith, F Hertel, MS Roy, CF Bonacic, TK Fuller, B Van Valkenburgh, and RK Wayne. 1996. Darwin’s fox: a distinct endangered species in a vanishing habitat. Conservation Biology 10:366-375.
Yahnke CJ. 1995. Metachromism and the insight of Wilfred Osgood: evidence of common ancestry for Darwin’s fox and the Sechura fox. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 68:459-467
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Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.
Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.
Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.
Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D. (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.
Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.39544jrynoldsAffiliated with EOL Species Pages Group39552lshapiroStaff in a natural history museum
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Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. & Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow & Rob van Soest. PDf and website40160BernardPicton090