328646Trichechus inunguisVulnerable (VU)<i>Trichechus inunguis</i> (Natterer, 1883)Amazon manateeAmazonian manateeBrazilian manateebrEjen-mor AmazoniadeAmazonas-ManatienAmazon manateeenAmazonian manateeenSouth american manateeesLamantino amazónicoesManatí amazónicoesVaca marina amazónicafiKynnetönmanaattifrLamantin d'AmazoniefrLamantin d'amérique du sudfrLamantin de l'amazonehuDél-amerikai manátuszitTrichechus inunguismtLamantin AmazonikunlAmazonelamantijnnoAmasonmanatruАмазонский ламантинsvAmazonmanattrAmazon denizineğiHusar, Sandra L. 1977. Mammalian Species, No. 72. The American Society of Mammalogists, pp1-4.17764117764327216false1Wilson, Don E. and Reeder, DeeAnn (ed.). 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd edition, The Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London, p365.17765117765327216false1Husar, Sandra L. 1977. Mammalian Species, No. 72. The American Society of Mammalogists, pp1-4.177641177641077311false1Wilson, Don E. and Reeder, DeeAnn (ed.). 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd edition, The Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London, p365.177651177651077311false1Husar, Sandra L. 1977. Mammalian Species, No. 72. The American Society of Mammalogists, pp1-4.177641177641141149false1Wilson, Don E. and Reeder, DeeAnn (ed.). 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd edition, The Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London, p365.177651177651141149false1URMO (2009). <i>Trichechus inunguis</i> Natterer, 1883. Accessed through: Van der Land, J. (Ed) (2009). UNESCO IOC Register of Marine Organisms at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=255026 on 2010-01-071348167113481673857354false14. CITES (November, 2003) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>68613916861391420497false110. Macdonald, D. (2001) <i>The New Encyclopedia of Mammals</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford.69224016922401420497false11. IUCN Red List (November, 2003) <a href="http://www.redlist.org">http://www.redlist.org</a>69298516929851420497false12. Animal Diversity (November, 2003) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/trichechus/t._inunguis$narrative.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/trichechus/t._inunguis$narrative.html</a>69298616929861420497false13. Emmons, L. (1990) <i>Neotropical Rainforest Mammals</i>. University of Chicago Press, USA.69298716929871420497false15. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Endangered Species Act (November, 2003) <a href="http://endangered.fws.gov/esa.html">http://endangered.fws.gov/esa.html</a>69298816929881420497false16. Wood, J.G. (1860) <i>The Illustrated Natural History - Mammalia. The Youth's Companion</i>. Boston, MA.69298916929891420497false17. Animal Info (November, 2003) <a href="http://www.animalinfo.org/species/tricinun.htm">http://www.animalinfo.org/species/tricinun.htm</a>69299016929901420497false18. Eisenberg, J.F. (1989) <i>Mammals of the Neotropics</i>. University of Chicago Press, USA.69299116929911420497false19. Sirenian International (November, 2003) <a href="http://www.sirenian.org/index.html">http://www.sirenian.org/index.html</a>69299216929921420497false111. UNEP – WCMC (November, 2003) <a href="http://www.unep-wcmc.org/">http://www.unep-wcmc.org/</a>69299316929931420497false112. Harbour Branch Division of Marine Mammal Research and Conservation (November, 2003) <a href="http://www.hboi.edu/marinemam/bossart.html">http://www.hboi.edu/marinemam/bossart.html</a>69299416929941420497false113. Save the Manatee Club (February, 2005) <a href="http://www.savethemanatee.org/">http://www.savethemanatee.org/</a>69299516929951420497false114. Projeto Peixe-Boi/IBAMA-Center for Aquatic Mammals (February, 2005) <a href="http://www.projetopeixe-boi.com.br/">http://www.projetopeixe-boi.com.br/</a>69299616929961420497false115. Mamirauá Project (February, 2005) <a href="http://www.cnpq.br/mamiraua/mamiraua2.htm">http://www.cnpq.br/mamiraua/mamiraua2.htm</a>69299716929971420497false116. The Friends of the Manatee Association (February, 2005) <a href="http://www.amigosdopeixe-boi.org.br/">http://www.amigosdopeixe-boi.org.br/</a>69299816929981420497false117. Reid, J. (2005) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69299916929991420497false1Caleb Finch (1990) Longevity, Senescence, and the Genome. University of Chicago Press: Chicago.73081317308132392264false1Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.73092417309242392264false1David Macdonald (1985) The Encyclopedia of Mammals. Facts on File: New York.73093417309342392264false1Amazonian manatees are aquatic mammals and live almost entirely underwater. Indeed the three manatee species and the closely related dugong are unique in that they are the only plant-eating marine mammals (7). They feed entirely on aquatic vegetation near lake edges, such as emergent grasses, water lettuce and floating vegetation. Shy and secretive, only their nostrils protrude from the surface of the water to breathe as they search for lush vegetation (7). Despite being slow grazers they are able to consume up to eight percent of their body weight in one day (2) (7). Most feeding occurs during the wet season, when they graze upon new plant growth in seasonally flooded water. During the dry season, individuals return to the main water courses, or to deep flooded backwaters where herds congregate (7). Here they may not eat for weeks or months due to the lack of food. However, manatees have large fat reserves and slow metabolic rates; at one third of the usual rate for a mammal of its size. This enables them to survive until the water levels rise again and food becomes more abundant (2) (7).</p><p>These mammals are active by day and night. They are found individually or in small groups of between four and eight animals (7). Mothers nurse their calves from a teat behind the flipper, and it is the mothers and calves that form the closest bonds (7) (8). A single calf is born after a gestation period of approximately 13 months. It is dependant on its mother for a considerable time, so interbirth intervals may be as long as three and a half years or more. Individuals mature at five or six years of age and members maintain group contact by underwater vocalisations (8). The lifespan of this animal is unknown, but individuals have lived past twelve and a half years in captivity (7).2c7e8be6b0a1b421a9aa5da7a8f3922a2609395WildscreenCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008ARKiveCopyrightCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008. Some rights reservedhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/SupplierARKivehttp://www.arkive.org/5978arkiveLocationSource URLView original data objecthttp://www.arkive.org/amazonian-manatee/trichechus-inunguis/CitationEnglishcc-by-nc-sa 3.0Texthttp://content8.eol.org/content_large.jpghttp://content9.eol.org/content_medium.jpghttp://content10.eol.org/content_small.jpg13290302267232704204129783328662512953009717226298227131AnimaliaNOT EVALUATEDAnimalia694ChordataNOT EVALUATEDChordata1642MammaliaNOT EVALUATEDMammalia8708SireniaNOT EVALUATEDSirenia8710TrichechidaeNOT EVALUATEDTrichechidae34723TrichechusNOT EVALUATEDTrichechus328646Trichechus inunguisVulnerable (VU)<i>Trichechus inunguis</i> (Natterer, 1883)Portland State University, MA Education
7klansBA Physics - Johns Hopkins University
MS Education - Johns Hopkins University
ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia
10peterPh.D., University of Bristol (1976)
D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
11paddydeveloper13pleary11793wilsondAsst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 200520470jhammockUniversity of Michigan, PhD 1997
Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America.25567csparr33422mstuderCurator of Zoology (Fishes), Field Museum of Natural History34360mwestneatEOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universität Berlin 198935200KatjaWilliam Miller, PhD
Assistant Professor
Baker University
Dept. of Biology
PO Box 65
Baldwin city, Kansas
66006-0065
35243WMillerUniversity of California Berkeley
35508tuco36197MarthaTestuserB.A. Zoology, M.S. Embryology/physiology
college faculty for 44 years
member HAPS (Human Anatomy and Physiology Society)36558judyjunkyardActive Member of Wildlife society of Africa, herpetological society of southern Africa and general manager and curator of reptile research and information center (Zebra Country lodge, Cullinan district Pretoria)37046VaughanScientist National Institutes of Health38259saimirifaculty, Department of Biology
University of Miami
Coral Gables, Fl 33124
AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi
http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html38707ksealeyAssociate Professor of Biology, Curator of Mammals and Birds, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point
Yahnke CJ, 2006. Habitat use and natural history of small mammals in the Paraguayan chaco. Mastozoologia Neotropical, 13(1);103-116.
Yahnke CJ, 2006. Testing optimal foraging theory using bird predation on goldenrod galls. American Biology Teacher, 68(8):471-475.
Yahnke CJ, PL Meserve, TG Ksiazek, and JN Mills. 2001. Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan chaco. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65(6):768-776.
Yahnke CJ, I Gamarra de Fox, and F Colman. 1998. Mammalian species richness in Paraguay: the effectiveness of national parks in preserving biodiversity. Biological Conservation 84:263-268.
Yahnke CJ, J Unger, BA Lohr, DA Meritt, and W Heuschele. 1997. Age specific fecundity, litter size, and sex ratio in the chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri). Zoo Biology 16:301-307.
Yahnke, CJ, WE Johnson, E Geffen, D Smith, F Hertel, MS Roy, CF Bonacic, TK Fuller, B Van Valkenburgh, and RK Wayne. 1996. Darwin’s fox: a distinct endangered species in a vanishing habitat. Conservation Biology 10:366-375.
Yahnke CJ. 1995. Metachromism and the insight of Wilfred Osgood: evidence of common ancestry for Darwin’s fox and the Sechura fox. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 68:459-467
American Society of Mammalogists
National Association of Biology Teachers
Sigma XI
39446cyahnkeEmeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin
Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.
Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.
Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.
Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D. (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.
Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.39544jrynoldsAffiliated with EOL Species Pages Group39552lshapiroStaff in a natural history museum
Member of a professional society (SECEM)39803eliadelomCurator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum)
Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. & Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow & Rob van Soest. PDf and website40160BernardPicton020