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  <canonical-form>Capra walie</canonical-form>
  <iucn-conservation-status>Endangered (EN)</iucn-conservation-status>
  <scientific-name>&lt;i&gt;Capra walie&lt;/i&gt; Rnppell, 1835</scientific-name>
  <common-names>
    <item>
      <language_label>br</language_label>
      <string>Kragvouc'h Etiopia</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>de</language_label>
      <string>&#196;thiopischer Steinbock</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>Abyssinian Ibex</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>Walia</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>Walia Ibex</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>es</language_label>
      <string>Capra walie</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>hu</language_label>
      <string>Abessz&#237;niai k&#337;sz&#225;li kecske</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>it</language_label>
      <string>Capra walie</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>pl</language_label>
      <string>Kozioro&#380;ec abisy&#324;ski</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>sl</language_label>
      <string>Etiopski kozorog</string>
    </item>
  </common-names>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Beyene, B. 2001. &quot;Walia Ibex&quot; (On-line). Accessed November 13, 2001 at http://www.ethiopiafirst.com/Tour/endemic/Endemic-Walia-Ibex.html .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">2979</id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Dunbar, R. 1978. Grouping Behavior of male Walia Ibex with Special Reference to Rut. East African Wildlife Journal, 16: 183-199.</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">1</published>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Dunbar, E., R. Dunbar. 1981. Competition and Niche Separation in a high-altitude herbivore community in Ethiopia. African Journal of Ecology, 19: 251-263.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Massicot, P. 2001. &quot;Animal Info-Walia Ibex&quot; (On-line). Accessed November 13, 2001 at http://www.animalinfo.org/species/artiperi/caprwali.htm .</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>McDonald, D. 1984. Goat Antelopes. Pp. 584-589 in D. McDonald, ed. Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File Publications.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Nievergelt, B. 1990. Walia Ibex. Pp. 523-525 in B. Grzimek, ed. Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Beyene, B. 2001. &quot;Walia Ibex&quot; (On-line). Accessed November 13, 2001 at http://www.ethiopiafirst.com/Tour/endemic/Endemic-Walia-Ibex.html .</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Dunbar, R. 1978. Grouping Behavior of male Walia Ibex with Special Reference to Rut. East African Wildlife Journal, 16: 183-199.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Dunbar, E., R. Dunbar. 1981. Competition and Niche Separation in a high-altitude herbivore community in Ethiopia. African Journal of Ecology, 19: 251-263.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Massicot, P. 2001. &quot;Animal Info-Walia Ibex&quot; (On-line). Accessed November 13, 2001 at http://www.animalinfo.org/species/artiperi/caprwali.htm .</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>McDonald, D. 1984. Goat Antelopes. Pp. 584-589 in D. McDonald, ed. Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File Publications.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Nievergelt, B. 1990. Walia Ibex. Pp. 523-525 in B. Grzimek, ed. Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Beyene, B. 2001. &quot;Walia Ibex&quot; (On-line). Accessed November 13, 2001 at http://www.ethiopiafirst.com/Tour/endemic/Endemic-Walia-Ibex.html .</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">2979</id>
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        <full-reference>Dunbar, R. 1978. Grouping Behavior of male Walia Ibex with Special Reference to Rut. East African Wildlife Journal, 16: 183-199.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Dunbar, E., R. Dunbar. 1981. Competition and Niche Separation in a high-altitude herbivore community in Ethiopia. African Journal of Ecology, 19: 251-263.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>Massicot, P. 2001. &quot;Animal Info-Walia Ibex&quot; (On-line). Accessed November 13, 2001 at http://www.animalinfo.org/species/artiperi/caprwali.htm .</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>McDonald, D. 1984. Goat Antelopes. Pp. 584-589 in D. McDonald, ed. Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File Publications.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">2983</id>
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        <full-reference>Nievergelt, B. 1990. Walia Ibex. Pp. 523-525 in B. Grzimek, ed. Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>5. Burnie, D. (2001) &lt;i&gt;Animal&lt;/i&gt;. Dorling Kindersley, London.</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>1. IUCN Red List  (December, 2008) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.redlist.org&quot;&gt;http://www.redlist.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>2. Animal Info - Information on Endangered Mammals  (February, 2006) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.animalinfo.org/species/artiperi/caprwali.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.animalinfo.org/species/artiperi/caprwali.htm&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>3. Selamta &#8211; Endemic Animals of Ethiopia  (February, 2006) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.selamta.net/ibex.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.selamta.net/ibex.htm&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">1</published>
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        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>4. The Ultimate Ungulate Page  (January, 2006) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla/Capra_nubiana.html&quot;&gt;http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla/Capra_nubiana.html&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">1</published>
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        <full-reference>6. UNEP-WCMC: Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia  (May, 2009) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Simien.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Simien.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
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        <full-reference>7. Abebe, E. (2002) Conservation Status of Semien National Park, Ethiopia: A Personal Account. &lt;i&gt;Caprinae: Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Caprinae Specialist Group&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;2002&lt;/b&gt;: 2 - 4.</full-reference>
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        <description>The walia ibex is a grazer and a browser, feeding on bushes, herbs, lichens, shrubs, grass, and creepers (2), and is often seen stood up on its hind legs to reach the young shoots of giant heath (3). Activity is mainly crepuscular (2), and these ibex can often be seen sunning themselves on rocky ledges in the morning and evening (3). Males form relatively large bachelor groups (2), while females and their young may be seen in groups or, less frequently, singly with their kid (3). Rutting behaviour is displayed throughout the year, with a peak from March to May (2), which involves male ibex competing for herd dominance and access to females by postures, head tosses and fights (5). These displays can be quite dramatic, with opponents rearing up on their hind legs, and then lunging forwards to clash heads and horns with incredible, jarring force (5). Single offspring, or rarely twins, are born after a gestation period of 150 to 165 days, and sexual maturity is reached at one year old (2).</description>
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      <canonical-form>Chordata</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
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      <canonical-form>Artiodactyla</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
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      <canonical-form>Bovidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
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      <id type="integer">42403</id>
      <canonical-form>Capra</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Capra</scientific-name>
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      <id type="integer">328696</id>
      <canonical-form>Capra walie</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>Endangered (EN)</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>&lt;i&gt;Capra walie&lt;/i&gt; Rnppell, 1835</scientific-name>
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      <credentials>Portland State University, MA Education

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      <username>klans</username>
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    <user>
      <credentials>BA Physics - Johns Hopkins University
MS Education - Johns Hopkins University
ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia


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      <username>peter</username>
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    <user>
      <credentials>Ph.D., University of Bristol (1976)
D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
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    <user>
      <credentials>developer</credentials>
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      <credentials>Asst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere.  Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 2005</credentials>
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      <credentials>University of Michigan, PhD 1997
Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)

Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America.</credentials>
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      <credentials>EOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universit&#228;t Berlin 1989</credentials>
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      <username>Katja</username>
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    <user>
      <credentials>William Miller, PhD
Assistant Professor
Baker University
Dept. of Biology
PO Box 65
Baldwin city, Kansas 
66006-0065



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college faculty for 44 years
member HAPS (Human Anatomy and Physiology Society)</credentials>
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      <username>judyjunkyard</username>
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      <credentials>Active Member of Wildlife society of Africa, herpetological society of southern Africa and general manager and curator of reptile research and information center (Zebra Country lodge, Cullinan district Pretoria)</credentials>
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      <credentials>faculty, Department of Biology
University of Miami
Coral Gables, Fl 33124

AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi

http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html</credentials>
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      <username>ksealey</username>
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      <credentials>Associate Professor of Biology, Curator of Mammals and Birds, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point

Yahnke CJ, 2006. Habitat use and natural history of small mammals in the Paraguayan chaco. Mastozoologia Neotropical, 13(1);103-116.

Yahnke CJ, 2006. Testing optimal foraging theory using bird predation on goldenrod galls. American Biology Teacher, 68(8):471-475.

Yahnke CJ, PL Meserve, TG Ksiazek, and JN Mills. 2001. Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan chaco.  American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65(6):768-776.

Yahnke CJ, I Gamarra de Fox, and F Colman. 1998. Mammalian species richness in Paraguay: the effectiveness of national parks in preserving biodiversity.  Biological Conservation 84:263-268.

Yahnke CJ, J Unger, BA Lohr, DA Meritt, and W Heuschele. 1997.  Age specific fecundity, litter size, and sex ratio in the chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri).  Zoo Biology 16:301-307.

Yahnke, CJ, WE Johnson, E Geffen, D Smith, F Hertel, MS Roy, CF Bonacic, TK Fuller, B Van Valkenburgh, and RK Wayne. 1996. Darwin&#8217;s fox: a distinct endangered species in a vanishing habitat.  Conservation Biology 10:366-375.

Yahnke CJ. 1995.  Metachromism and the insight of Wilfred Osgood: evidence of common ancestry for Darwin&#8217;s fox and the Sechura fox.  Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 68:459-467

American Society of Mammalogists
National Association of Biology Teachers
Sigma XI
</credentials>
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      <username>cyahnke</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Emeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin

Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.

Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.

Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.

Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D.  (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway.  Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.

Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse  Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles.  Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.</credentials>
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      <credentials>Affiliated with EOL Species Pages Group</credentials>
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      <username>lshapiro</username>
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      <credentials>Staff in a natural history museum
Member of a professional society (SECEM)</credentials>
      <id type="integer">39803</id>
      <username>eliadelom</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Curator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum)
Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. &amp; Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow &amp; Rob van Soest. PDf and website</credentials>
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      <username>BernardPicton</username>
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