331133Rana temporariaLeast Concern (LC)<i>Rana temporaria</i> Linnaeus, 1758Rana bermejacommon frogRana bermejabeЖаба травянаяbgПланинска жабаcsSkokan hnědýdaButsnudet frøencommon frogenEuropean Common Frogeneuropean frogetRohukonnfiSammakkofrGrenouille rousseltPievinė varlėnlBruine kikkernlBruine kikkernoVanlig froskruТравяная лягушкаukCommon frogukcommon frogBaynes, T., S. William Robertson. 1999-2001. "Britannica Encyclopaedia" (On-line). Accessed "March 1, 2001" at http://britannica.com/ .15182115182326712false1Duellman, W., L. Trueb. 1986. Biology of Amphibians. US: Mc Graw-Hill, Inc.15183115183326712false1Griffiths, R., J. Foster. 1998. The Effect of Social Interactions on Tadpole Activity and Growth in the British Anuran Amphibians. Journal of Zoology, 135: 431-437.15184115184326712false1Mattison, C. 1987. Frogs and Toads of the World. New York, New York: Facts on File, Inc.15185115185326712false1Mattison, C. 1982. The Care of Reptiles and Amphibians in Captivity. UK: Blandford Press.15186115186326712false1Mattison, C. 1993. Keeping and Breeding Amphibians. UK: Blandford Press.15187115187326712false1Baynes, T., S. William Robertson. 1999-2001. "Britannica Encyclopaedia" (On-line). Accessed "March 1, 2001" at http://britannica.com/ .151821151821076723false1Duellman, W., L. Trueb. 1986. Biology of Amphibians. US: Mc Graw-Hill, Inc.151831151831076723false1Griffiths, R., J. Foster. 1998. The Effect of Social Interactions on Tadpole Activity and Growth in the British Anuran Amphibians. Journal of Zoology, 135: 431-437.151841151841076723false1Mattison, C. 1987. Frogs and Toads of the World. New York, New York: Facts on File, Inc.151851151851076723false1Mattison, C. 1982. The Care of Reptiles and Amphibians in Captivity. UK: Blandford Press.151861151861076723false1Mattison, C. 1993. Keeping and Breeding Amphibians. UK: Blandford Press.151871151871076723false1Baynes, T., S. William Robertson. 1999-2001. "Britannica Encyclopaedia" (On-line). Accessed "March 1, 2001" at http://britannica.com/ .151821151821140561false1Duellman, W., L. Trueb. 1986. Biology of Amphibians. US: Mc Graw-Hill, Inc.151831151831140561false1Griffiths, R., J. Foster. 1998. The Effect of Social Interactions on Tadpole Activity and Growth in the British Anuran Amphibians. Journal of Zoology, 135: 431-437.151841151841140561false1Mattison, C. 1987. Frogs and Toads of the World. New York, New York: Facts on File, Inc.151851151851140561false1Mattison, C. 1982. The Care of Reptiles and Amphibians in Captivity. UK: Blandford Press.151861151861140561false1Mattison, C. 1993. Keeping and Breeding Amphibians. UK: Blandford Press.151871151871140561false11. National Biodiversity Network Species Dictionary (January 2003) <a href="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nbn/">http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nbn/</a>68616316861631419100false13. The Environment Agency (1998) <i>'Look-up' chart of species and their legal status. Species and Habitats Handbook</i>. The Environment Agency, Bristol.68616516861651419100false12. The Herpetological Conservation Trust- common frog fact sheet (January 2003) <a href="http://www.hcontrst.f9.co.uk">http://www.hcontrst.f9.co.uk</a>68628316862831419100false14. Amphibia Web- common frog (January 2003) <a href="http://elib.cs.berkeley.eduaw/search/index.html">http://elib.cs.berkeley.eduaw/search/index.html</a>68628416862841419100false15. Beebee, T & Griffiths, R. (2000) <i>The New Naturalist: Amphibians and reptiles- a natural history of the British herpetofauna</i>. Harper Collins Publishers, London.68628516862851419100false1Smirina (1994) Age determination and longevity in amphibians. Gerontology, 40:133-146.73083717308372389670false1Plytycz et al. (1995) Age-dependent changes in thymuses in the European common frog, Rana temporaria. J Exp Zool, 273:451-460.73085017308502389670false1Common frogs hibernate through the winter, either at the bottom of ponds (breathing through their skin) or on land under refuges such as compost heaps (5). During the rest of the year they hunt on land on damp nights; they feed on snails, slugs, worms and a range of insects (5).</p><p>In spring, males arrive at breeding areas before females, and it is thought that individuals return to their natal ponds by following scents (5). There is typically heavy competition amongst males for females, involving much croaking and wrestling. Males grab a female and remain clasped to her body for days or weeks before spawning takes place. All of the frogs in a pond tend to spawn roughly within a few days of each other. The female releases 1000 to 2000 eggs, the male then releases sperm. The eggs are coated in jelly, and are popularly known as 'frogspawn'. After 10-14 days, the tadpoles hatch, becoming free-swimming a few days later, and undergoing metamorphosis into adults 10-15 weeks after hatching. Tadpoles are vulnerable to predation by a range of aquatic creatures, including water beetles, newts and fish (5).9020d0396d7495cae85155ea770b06cc1870196WildscreenCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008ARKiveCopyrightCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008. Some rights reservedhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/SupplierARKivehttp://www.arkive.org/5978arkiveLocationSource URLView original data objecthttp://www.arkive.org/common-frog/rana-temporaria/CitationEnglishcc-by-nc-sa 3.0Texthttp://content7.eol.org/content_large.jpghttp://content8.eol.org/content_medium.jpghttp://content9.eol.org/content_small.jpg13290302267232704204129783328662212512953009717226298227131AnimaliaNOT EVALUATEDAnimalia694ChordataNOT EVALUATEDChordata1552AmphibiaNOT EVALUATEDAmphibia1553AnuraNOT EVALUATEDAnura7511RanidaeNOT EVALUATEDRanidae15744RanaNOT EVALUATEDRana331133Rana temporariaLeast Concern (LC)<i>Rana temporaria</i> Linnaeus, 1758Portland State University, MA Education
7klansBA Physics - Johns Hopkins University
MS Education - Johns Hopkins University
ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia
10peterPh.D., University of Bristol (1976)
D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
11paddyAsst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 200520470jhammockUniversity of Michigan, PhD 1997
Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America.25567csparr33422mstuderCurator of Zoology (Fishes), Field Museum of Natural History34360mwestneat34754jimedwardsEOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universität Berlin 198935200KatjaWilliam Miller, PhD
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Baker University
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35243WMillerUniversity of California Berkeley
35508tuco36197MarthaTestuserFaculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon
department of Animal Biology (DBA)36261goncalorosaPost-doctoral Research Associate, Department of Herpetology, University of Kansas Natural History Museum36989BlackburnActive Member of Wildlife society of Africa, herpetological society of southern Africa and general manager and curator of reptile research and information center (Zebra Country lodge, Cullinan district Pretoria)37046Vaughanfaculty, Department of Biology
University of Miami
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AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi
http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html38707ksealeyEmeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin
Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.
Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.
Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.
Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D. (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.
Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.39544jrynoldsAffiliated with EOL Species Pages Group39552lshapiroCurator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum)
Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. & Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow & Rob van Soest. PDf and website40160BernardPictongraduate student at Boston University
EOL Fellow40557mchughey1. Post-doctoral fellow, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, and EOL Rubenstein Felllow40643bzimkus0650