456481

Gopherus polyphemus

Vulnerable (VU)

Gopherus polyphemus DAUDIN 1802

(Florida) Gopher Tortoise (Florida) Gopher Tortoise gopher tortoise de Georgia-Gopherschildkröte en (Florida) Gopher Tortoise en gopher tortoise es Tortuga terrestre de florida fr Gophère polyphème fr Tortue de la floride fr Tortue gaufrée hu Georgiai üregteknős ja アナホリゴファーガメ ru Черепаха-гофер

Burke, Russell L. 1989, Florida gopher tortoise relocation: overview and case study. Biological Conservation 48(4). 295-309.

7252 1

7252

325307

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Carr, Archie. 1952. Handbook of Turtles. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

7253 1

7253

325307

false

Oliver, James. 1955. North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Princeton, New Jersey: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.

7254 1

7254

325307

false

Stap, Don. 1996. Trials of an Ancient Wanderer: gopher tortoises face disease and habitat loss. Audubon Jan/Feb 1996. 76-80.

7255 1

7255

325307

false

Burke, Russell L. 1989, Florida gopher tortoise relocation: overview and case study. Biological Conservation 48(4). 295-309.

7252 1

7252

1075104

false

Carr, Archie. 1952. Handbook of Turtles. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

7253 1

7253

1075104

false

Oliver, James. 1955. North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Princeton, New Jersey: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.

7254 1

7254

1075104

false

Stap, Don. 1996. Trials of an Ancient Wanderer: gopher tortoises face disease and habitat loss. Audubon Jan/Feb 1996. 76-80.

7255 1

7255

1075104

false

Burke, Russell L. 1989, Florida gopher tortoise relocation: overview and case study. Biological Conservation 48(4). 295-309.

7252 1

7252

1138942

false

Carr, Archie. 1952. Handbook of Turtles. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

7253 1

7253

1138942

false

Oliver, James. 1955. North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Princeton, New Jersey: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.

7254 1

7254

1138942

false

Stap, Don. 1996. Trials of an Ancient Wanderer: gopher tortoises face disease and habitat loss. Audubon Jan/Feb 1996. 76-80.

7255 1

7255

1138942

false

1. IUCN Red List (May, 2009) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">http://www.iucnredlist.org/</a>

686298 1

686298

1421159

false

3. CITES (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>

687745 1

687745

1421159

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2. Animal Diversity Web (November, 2004) <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Gopherus_polyphemus.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Gopherus_polyphemus.html</a>

695525 1

695525

1421159

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4. Georgia Wildlife Web (November, 2004) <a href="http://dromus.nhm.uga.edu/~GMNH/gawildlife/index.php?page=speciespages/species_page&key=gpolyphemus">http://dromus.nhm.uga.edu/~GMNH/gawildlife/index.php?page=speciespages/species_page&key=gpolyphemus</a>

695526 1

695526

1421159

false

5. World Chelonian Trust (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.chelonia.org/Articles/Gpolyphemuscare.htm">http://www.chelonia.org/Articles/Gpolyphemuscare.htm</a>

695527 1

695527

1421159

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1. IUCN Red List (May, 2009) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">http://www.iucnredlist.org/</a>

686298 1

686298

2375617

false

3. CITES (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>

687745 1

687745

2375617

false

695525 1

695525

2375617

false

695526 1

695526

2375617

false

5. World Chelonian Trust (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.chelonia.org/Articles/Gpolyphemuscare.htm">http://www.chelonia.org/Articles/Gpolyphemuscare.htm</a>

695527 1

695527

2375617

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1. IUCN Red List (May, 2009) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">http://www.iucnredlist.org/</a>

686298 1

686298

2453670

false

3. CITES (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>

687745 1

687745

2453670

false

695525 1

695525

2453670

false

695526 1

695526

2453670

false

5. World Chelonian Trust (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.chelonia.org/Articles/Gpolyphemuscare.htm">http://www.chelonia.org/Articles/Gpolyphemuscare.htm</a>

695527 1

695527

2453670

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1. IUCN Red List (May, 2009) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">http://www.iucnredlist.org/</a>

686298 1

686298

2750222

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3. CITES (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>

687745 1

687745

2750222

false

695525 1

695525

2750222

false

695526 1

695526

2750222

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5. World Chelonian Trust (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.chelonia.org/Articles/Gpolyphemuscare.htm">http://www.chelonia.org/Articles/Gpolyphemuscare.htm</a>

695527 1

695527

2750222

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1. IUCN Red List (May, 2009) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">http://www.iucnredlist.org/</a>

686298 1

686298

2891006

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3. CITES (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>

687745 1

687745

2891006

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695525 1

695525

2891006

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695526 1

695526

2891006

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5. World Chelonian Trust (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.chelonia.org/Articles/Gpolyphemuscare.htm">http://www.chelonia.org/Articles/Gpolyphemuscare.htm</a>

695527 1

695527

2891006

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1. IUCN Red List (May, 2009) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">http://www.iucnredlist.org/</a>

686298 1

686298

3240670

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3. CITES (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>

687745 1

687745

3240670

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695525 1

695525

3240670

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695526 1

695526

3240670

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5. World Chelonian Trust (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.chelonia.org/Articles/Gpolyphemuscare.htm">http://www.chelonia.org/Articles/Gpolyphemuscare.htm</a>

695527 1

695527

3240670

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1. IUCN Red List (May, 2009) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">http://www.iucnredlist.org/</a>

686298 1

686298

3653487

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3. CITES (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>

687745 1

687745

3653487

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695525 1

695525

3653487

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695526 1

695526

3653487

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5. World Chelonian Trust (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.chelonia.org/Articles/Gpolyphemuscare.htm">http://www.chelonia.org/Articles/Gpolyphemuscare.htm</a>

695527 1

695527

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1. IUCN Red List (May, 2009) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">http://www.iucnredlist.org/</a>

686298 1

686298

4023987

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3. CITES (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.cites.org">http://www.cites.org</a>

687745 1

687745

4023987

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695525 1

695525

4023987

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695526 1

695526

4023987

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5. World Chelonian Trust (November, 2004) <a href="http://www.chelonia.org/Articles/Gpolyphemuscare.htm">http://www.chelonia.org/Articles/Gpolyphemuscare.htm</a>

695527 1

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FEIS by the USDA Forest Service (Online source)

730842 1

730842

2392820

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The breeding season begins in the spring, when males give short rasping calls to attract females. Males and females may fight each other, apparently as part of the courtship process. Eggs are laid mainly from mid May to mid June in an open, sunny place (4). Between one and 25 white, spherical eggs are laid in batches of five to six in holes dug into the ground, and the tiny hatchlings must dig their way to the surface when they emerge 100 days later (2). Sex is determined by temperature in turtles, so those eggs that are incubated at over 30 ºC will be females, and those below 30 ºC will be males (5). After emerging the hatchlings are protected by their parents in long, deep burrows (2), but may still be eaten by raccoons, skunks, armadillos, foxes and opossums (4). Sexual maturity is only reached at 16 – 21 years, and gopher tortoises may live for over 40 years (2).After sleeping at night in a burrow, the diurnal gopher tortoise will emerge to feed during the day (2). It is herbivorous, eating grasses and low herbs, as well as occasional fruits and berries (2). A natural fire regime is important in the gopher tortoise's habitat as rapidly moving wildfire will clear scrub, open the canopy, and encourage the growth of the vegetation eaten by the tortoises, who remain safe in their burrows during these fires (5). Each tortoise has a well defined home range which contains several burrows (4). Gopher tortoises are considered to be a 'keystone' species as their burrows, both active and abandoned, are used by over 100 other vertebrates and invertebrates, such as burrowing owls, raccoons and snakes (2) (4). 8ed03ef86ca5493f242cdc7454c6d88b 2614027

Wildscreen

ARKive

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Supplier

ARKive

http://www.arkive.org/ 5978 arkive Location

Source URL

View original data object

http://www.arkive.org/gopher-tortoise/gopherus-polyphemus/ Citation

English cc-by-nc-sa 3.0 Text http://content8.eol.org/content_large.jpg http://content9.eol.org/content_medium.jpg http://content10.eol.org/content_small.jpg

1 Overview 3 Description 290 General Description 302 Nucleotide Sequences 267 Morphology 232 Reproduction and Life History 70 Behavior 4 Ecology and Distribution 20 Distribution 41 Habitat 297 Trophic Strategy 8 Conservation 33 Trends and Threats 286 Conservation Status 6 Relevance 251 Uses 295 Procedures 300 Wikipedia 9 Biodiversity Heritage Library 7 References and More Information 17 Literature References 226 Specialist Projects 298 Biomedical Terms 227 Search the Web 13 Common Names

Animalia

NOT EVALUATED

Animalia

694

Chordata

NOT EVALUATED

Chordata

1703

Reptilia

NOT EVALUATED

Reptilia

8120

Testudines

NOT EVALUATED

Testudines

8132

Testudinidae

NOT EVALUATED

Testudinidae

58352

Gopherus

NOT EVALUATED

Gopherus

456481

Gopherus polyphemus

Vulnerable (VU)

Gopherus polyphemus DAUDIN 1802

Portland State University, MA Education 7 klans BA Physics - Johns Hopkins University MS Education - Johns Hopkins University ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia 10 peter Ph.D., University of Bristol (1976) D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990) 11 paddy Asst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006 Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35 PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 2005 20470 jhammock University of Michigan, PhD 1997 Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America. 25567 csparr 33422 mstuder Postdoctoral Research Associate Biodiversity Synthesis Center 34318 parham Curator of Zoology (Fishes), Field Museum of Natural History 34360 mwestneat EOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universität Berlin 1989 35200 Katja William Miller, PhD Assistant Professor Baker University Dept. of Biology PO Box 65 Baldwin city, Kansas 66006-0065 35243 WMiller University of California Berkeley 35508 tuco Professor, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University. CV: http://www.eeb.cornell.edu/greene/GreeneCV.html 35534 HarryGreene 36197 MarthaTestuser Active Member of Wildlife society of Africa, herpetological society of southern Africa and general manager and curator of reptile research and information center (Zebra Country lodge, Cullinan district Pretoria) 37046 Vaughan faculty, Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Gables, Fl 33124 AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html 38707 ksealey Emeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64. Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76. Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366. Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D. (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68. Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63. 39544 jrynolds Affiliated with EOL Species Pages Group 39552 lshapiro Curator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum) Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. & Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow & Rob van Soest. PDf and website 40160 BernardPicton 0 7 0