456548Heloderma suspectumNear Threatened (NT)<i>Heloderma suspectum</i> Cope, 1869gila monstersuspectum: Reticulate Gila MonstercaMonstre de giladeGila-Krustenechseengila monsteresLagarto de GilaesMonstruo de gilafiGilaliskofrLézard perléfrMonstre de gilaheהלודרמה מריריתhuGilajaアメリカドクトカゲltŠiurpusis nuodadantismkГила чудовиштеplHeloderma arizońskaroHeloderma suspectumErnst, C.H. 1992. Venomous Reptiles of North America. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.752817528325367false1Bogert, C.M. 1956. The Gila monster and its Allies. Volume 109. American Museum of Natural History, New York.752917529325367false1http://www.Pharmacy.Arizona.EDU/centers/apdic/gilamonster.shtml753017530325367false1Ernst, C.H. 1992. Venomous Reptiles of North America. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.7528175281075168false1Bogert, C.M. 1956. The Gila monster and its Allies. Volume 109. American Museum of Natural History, New York.7529175291075168false1http://www.Pharmacy.Arizona.EDU/centers/apdic/gilamonster.shtml7530175301075168false1Ernst, C.H. 1992. Venomous Reptiles of North America. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.7528175281139006false1Bogert, C.M. 1956. The Gila monster and its Allies. Volume 109. American Museum of Natural History, New York.7529175291139006false1http://www.Pharmacy.Arizona.EDU/centers/apdic/gilamonster.shtml7530175301139006false11. IUCN Red List (September, 2007) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68643416864341421162false12. American Museum of Natural History (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/Endangered/gila/gila.html">http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/Endangered/gila/gila.html</a>69553816955381421162false13. Dr Seward's Gila Monster Site (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.drseward.com/">http://www.drseward.com/</a>69553916955391421162false14. Gila Monster (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.gila-monster.org/">http://www.gila-monster.org/</a>69554016955401421162false15. Fry, B.G., Vidal, N., Norman, J.A., Vonk, F.J., Scheib, H., Ramjan, S.F., Kuruppu, S., Fung, K., Hedges, S.B., Richardson, M.K., Hodgson, W.C., Ignjatovic, V., Summerhayes, R. and Kochva, E. (2006) Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes. <i>Nature</i>, <b>439</b>: 584 - 588.69554116955411421162false16. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/gila.html">http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/gila.html</a>69554216955421421162false17. Tucson Herpetological Society (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.arts.arizona.edu/herp/HESU.html">http://www.arts.arizona.edu/herp/HESU.html</a>69554316955431421162false18. Sedgwick County Zoo (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.scz.org/index.php">http://www.scz.org/index.php</a>69554416955441421162false19. Buley, K. (July, 2003) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69554516955451421162false11. IUCN Red List (September, 2007) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68643416864342375618false12. American Museum of Natural History (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/Endangered/gila/gila.html">http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/Endangered/gila/gila.html</a>69553816955382375618false13. Dr Seward's Gila Monster Site (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.drseward.com/">http://www.drseward.com/</a>69553916955392375618false14. Gila Monster (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.gila-monster.org/">http://www.gila-monster.org/</a>69554016955402375618false15. Fry, B.G., Vidal, N., Norman, J.A., Vonk, F.J., Scheib, H., Ramjan, S.F., Kuruppu, S., Fung, K., Hedges, S.B., Richardson, M.K., Hodgson, W.C., Ignjatovic, V., Summerhayes, R. and Kochva, E. (2006) Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes. <i>Nature</i>, <b>439</b>: 584 - 588.69554116955412375618false16. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/gila.html">http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/gila.html</a>69554216955422375618false17. Tucson Herpetological Society (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.arts.arizona.edu/herp/HESU.html">http://www.arts.arizona.edu/herp/HESU.html</a>69554316955432375618false18. Sedgwick County Zoo (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.scz.org/index.php">http://www.scz.org/index.php</a>69554416955442375618false19. Buley, K. (July, 2003) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69554516955452375618false11. IUCN Red List (September, 2007) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68643416864342453671false12. American Museum of Natural History (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/Endangered/gila/gila.html">http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/Endangered/gila/gila.html</a>69553816955382453671false13. Dr Seward's Gila Monster Site (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.drseward.com/">http://www.drseward.com/</a>69553916955392453671false14. Gila Monster (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.gila-monster.org/">http://www.gila-monster.org/</a>69554016955402453671false15. Fry, B.G., Vidal, N., Norman, J.A., Vonk, F.J., Scheib, H., Ramjan, S.F., Kuruppu, S., Fung, K., Hedges, S.B., Richardson, M.K., Hodgson, W.C., Ignjatovic, V., Summerhayes, R. and Kochva, E. (2006) Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes. <i>Nature</i>, <b>439</b>: 584 - 588.69554116955412453671false16. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/gila.html">http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/gila.html</a>69554216955422453671false17. Tucson Herpetological Society (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.arts.arizona.edu/herp/HESU.html">http://www.arts.arizona.edu/herp/HESU.html</a>69554316955432453671false18. Sedgwick County Zoo (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.scz.org/index.php">http://www.scz.org/index.php</a>69554416955442453671false19. Buley, K. (July, 2003) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69554516955452453671false11. IUCN Red List (September, 2007) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68643416864342750223false12. American Museum of Natural History (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/Endangered/gila/gila.html">http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/Endangered/gila/gila.html</a>69553816955382750223false13. Dr Seward's Gila Monster Site (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.drseward.com/">http://www.drseward.com/</a>69553916955392750223false14. Gila Monster (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.gila-monster.org/">http://www.gila-monster.org/</a>69554016955402750223false15. Fry, B.G., Vidal, N., Norman, J.A., Vonk, F.J., Scheib, H., Ramjan, S.F., Kuruppu, S., Fung, K., Hedges, S.B., Richardson, M.K., Hodgson, W.C., Ignjatovic, V., Summerhayes, R. and Kochva, E. (2006) Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes. <i>Nature</i>, <b>439</b>: 584 - 588.69554116955412750223false16. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/gila.html">http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/gila.html</a>69554216955422750223false17. Tucson Herpetological Society (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.arts.arizona.edu/herp/HESU.html">http://www.arts.arizona.edu/herp/HESU.html</a>69554316955432750223false18. Sedgwick County Zoo (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.scz.org/index.php">http://www.scz.org/index.php</a>69554416955442750223false19. Buley, K. (July, 2003) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69554516955452750223false11. IUCN Red List (September, 2007) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68643416864342891007false12. American Museum of Natural History (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/Endangered/gila/gila.html">http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/Endangered/gila/gila.html</a>69553816955382891007false13. Dr Seward's Gila Monster Site (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.drseward.com/">http://www.drseward.com/</a>69553916955392891007false14. Gila Monster (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.gila-monster.org/">http://www.gila-monster.org/</a>69554016955402891007false15. Fry, B.G., Vidal, N., Norman, J.A., Vonk, F.J., Scheib, H., Ramjan, S.F., Kuruppu, S., Fung, K., Hedges, S.B., Richardson, M.K., Hodgson, W.C., Ignjatovic, V., Summerhayes, R. and Kochva, E. (2006) Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes. <i>Nature</i>, <b>439</b>: 584 - 588.69554116955412891007false16. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/gila.html">http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/gila.html</a>69554216955422891007false17. Tucson Herpetological Society (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.arts.arizona.edu/herp/HESU.html">http://www.arts.arizona.edu/herp/HESU.html</a>69554316955432891007false18. Sedgwick County Zoo (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.scz.org/index.php">http://www.scz.org/index.php</a>69554416955442891007false19. Buley, K. (July, 2003) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69554516955452891007false11. IUCN Red List (September, 2007) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68643416864343240671false12. American Museum of Natural History (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/Endangered/gila/gila.html">http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/Endangered/gila/gila.html</a>69553816955383240671false13. Dr Seward's Gila Monster Site (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.drseward.com/">http://www.drseward.com/</a>69553916955393240671false14. Gila Monster (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.gila-monster.org/">http://www.gila-monster.org/</a>69554016955403240671false15. Fry, B.G., Vidal, N., Norman, J.A., Vonk, F.J., Scheib, H., Ramjan, S.F., Kuruppu, S., Fung, K., Hedges, S.B., Richardson, M.K., Hodgson, W.C., Ignjatovic, V., Summerhayes, R. and Kochva, E. (2006) Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes. <i>Nature</i>, <b>439</b>: 584 - 588.69554116955413240671false16. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/gila.html">http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/gila.html</a>69554216955423240671false17. Tucson Herpetological Society (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.arts.arizona.edu/herp/HESU.html">http://www.arts.arizona.edu/herp/HESU.html</a>69554316955433240671false18. Sedgwick County Zoo (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.scz.org/index.php">http://www.scz.org/index.php</a>69554416955443240671false19. Buley, K. (July, 2003) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69554516955453240671false11. IUCN Red List (September, 2007) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68643416864343653488false12. American Museum of Natural History (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/Endangered/gila/gila.html">http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/Endangered/gila/gila.html</a>69553816955383653488false13. Dr Seward's Gila Monster Site (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.drseward.com/">http://www.drseward.com/</a>69553916955393653488false14. Gila Monster (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.gila-monster.org/">http://www.gila-monster.org/</a>69554016955403653488false15. Fry, B.G., Vidal, N., Norman, J.A., Vonk, F.J., Scheib, H., Ramjan, S.F., Kuruppu, S., Fung, K., Hedges, S.B., Richardson, M.K., Hodgson, W.C., Ignjatovic, V., Summerhayes, R. and Kochva, E. (2006) Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes. <i>Nature</i>, <b>439</b>: 584 - 588.69554116955413653488false16. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/gila.html">http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/gila.html</a>69554216955423653488false17. Tucson Herpetological Society (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.arts.arizona.edu/herp/HESU.html">http://www.arts.arizona.edu/herp/HESU.html</a>69554316955433653488false18. Sedgwick County Zoo (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.scz.org/index.php">http://www.scz.org/index.php</a>69554416955443653488false19. Buley, K. (July, 2003) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69554516955453653488false11. IUCN Red List (September, 2007) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68643416864344023988false12. American Museum of Natural History (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/Endangered/gila/gila.html">http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/Endangered/gila/gila.html</a>69553816955384023988false13. Dr Seward's Gila Monster Site (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.drseward.com/">http://www.drseward.com/</a>69553916955394023988false14. Gila Monster (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.gila-monster.org/">http://www.gila-monster.org/</a>69554016955404023988false15. Fry, B.G., Vidal, N., Norman, J.A., Vonk, F.J., Scheib, H., Ramjan, S.F., Kuruppu, S., Fung, K., Hedges, S.B., Richardson, M.K., Hodgson, W.C., Ignjatovic, V., Summerhayes, R. and Kochva, E. (2006) Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes. <i>Nature</i>, <b>439</b>: 584 - 588.69554116955414023988false16. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/gila.html">http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/gila.html</a>69554216955424023988false17. Tucson Herpetological Society (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.arts.arizona.edu/herp/HESU.html">http://www.arts.arizona.edu/herp/HESU.html</a>69554316955434023988false18. Sedgwick County Zoo (April, 2003) <a href="http://www.scz.org/index.php">http://www.scz.org/index.php</a>69554416955444023988false19. Buley, K. (July, 2003) <i>Pers. Comm.</i>69554516955454023988false1Frank & Kate's Web Page (Online source)73084017308402392547false1As an adaptation to their harsh desert environment, Gila monsters spend a large proportion of their time underground in burrows, hibernating during the winter and sheltering from the midday sun in the scorching summer months. The lizards emerge from hibernation in spring and the majority of their activity occurs in the following three-month period (3). Mating may takes place from April to June (9); males 'wrestle' to assert dominance (3). Females then lay their clutch of up to 12 eggs in late June or August (6). Eggs are laid in depressions dug into the soil and unusually remain incubating underground throughout the winter, hatching the following spring (4).</p><p>In springtime, Gila monsters are active during the day, although they are mainly above ground in the morning and late afternoon to avoid the midday heat (3). These lizards feed on eggs, young birds and rodents, as well as lizards; juveniles are able to consume over 50% of their body weight at one time (4). Gila monsters are able to survive for months without food as they store fat in their particularly large tail (3). The infamous venomous bite of the Gila monster is used as a defensive measure rather than to attack prey. If threatened, these lizards will back away hissing with their mouth open, and if provoked they attack surprisingly quickly with a bite that can be extremely painful to humans, although it is rarely life-threatening (6).f3cf8f012e9070161cc8e468f044b9ad2614048WildscreenCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008ARKiveCopyrightCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008. Some rights reservedhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/SupplierARKivehttp://www.arkive.org/5978arkiveLocationSource URLView original data objecthttp://www.arkive.org/gila-monster/heloderma-suspectum/CitationEnglishcc-by-nc-sa 3.0Texthttp://content3.eol.org/content_large.jpghttp://content4.eol.org/content_medium.jpghttp://content5.eol.org/content_small.jpg13290301302267232704204129783328662512953009717226298227131AnimaliaNOT EVALUATEDAnimalia694ChordataNOT EVALUATEDChordata1703ReptiliaNOT EVALUATEDReptilia1704SquamataNOT EVALUATEDSquamata1712HelodermatidaeNOT EVALUATEDHelodermatidae36255HelodermaNOT EVALUATEDHeloderma456548Heloderma suspectumNear Threatened (NT)<i>Heloderma suspectum</i> Cope, 18691287407Heloderma suspectum cinctumNOT EVALUATED<i>Heloderma suspectum cinctum</i> BOGERT & MARTÍN DEL CAMPO 19561287408Heloderma suspectum suspectumNOT EVALUATED<i>Heloderma <i>suspectum</i> suspectum</i> Cope, 1869Portland State University, MA Education
7klansBA Physics - Johns Hopkins University
MS Education - Johns Hopkins University
ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia
10peterPh.D., University of Bristol (1976)
D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
11paddyAsst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 200520470jhammockUniversity of Michigan, PhD 1997
Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America.25567csparr33422mstuderPostdoctoral Research Associate
Biodiversity Synthesis Center34318parhamCurator of Zoology (Fishes), Field Museum of Natural History34360mwestneatEOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universität Berlin 198935200KatjaWilliam Miller, PhD
Assistant Professor
Baker University
Dept. of Biology
PO Box 65
Baldwin city, Kansas
66006-0065
35243WMillerUniversity of California Berkeley
35508tucoProfessor, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University. CV: http://www.eeb.cornell.edu/greene/GreeneCV.html35534HarryGreene36197MarthaTestuserActive Member of Wildlife society of Africa, herpetological society of southern Africa and general manager and curator of reptile research and information center (Zebra Country lodge, Cullinan district Pretoria)37046VaughanWorking as a Senior Resident(Faculty) in Department of General Surgery at B.Y.L. Nair Charitable Hospital & T.N. Medical College, Mumbai, INDIA, PIN-400008. 38013balharshfaculty, Department of Biology
University of Miami
Coral Gables, Fl 33124
AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi
http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html38707ksealeyStaff Curator and Researcher of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley. Member of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Herpetologists' League, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Society for the Study of Evolution, and Society of Systematic Biologists.
Published articles on rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox) and Coast Horned Lizards (Phrynosoma coronatum): Quantifying ecological, morphological, and genetic
variation to delimit species in the coast horned lizard species complex (Phrynosoma), Adam D. Leache´,Michelle S. Koo, Carol L. Spencer, Theodore J. Papenfuss, Robert N. Fisher, and Jimmy A. McGuire, PNAS v. 106 (30): 12418–12423.
Carol Spencer, Pp. 55-78 in W. K. Hayes, K. R. Beaman, M. D. Cardwell, and S. P. Bush (eds.), The Biology of Rattlesnakes. Loma Linda University Press, Loma Linda, California. Geographic Variation in Western Diamond-Backed Rattlesnake
(Crotalus atrox) Morphology.39428atrox10Emeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin
Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.
Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.
Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.
Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D. (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.
Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.39544jrynoldsAffiliated with EOL Species Pages Group39552lshapiroCurator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum)
Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. & Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow & Rob van Soest. PDf and website40160BernardPicton000