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  <id type="integer">5083</id>
  <canonical-form>Siluriformes</canonical-form>
  <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
  <scientific-name>Siluriformes</scientific-name>
  <common-names>
    <item>
      <language_label>ar</language_label>
      <string>&#1602;&#1585;&#1605;&#1608;&#1591;</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>da</language_label>
      <string>Malle</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>Catfish</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>catfishes</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>es</language_label>
      <string>Siluriformes</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>fi</language_label>
      <string>Monnikalat</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>fr</language_label>
      <string>silures</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>fr</language_label>
      <string>Siluriformes</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>hu</language_label>
      <string>Harcsaalak&#250;ak</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>is</language_label>
      <string>Granar</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>la</language_label>
      <string>Siluriformes</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>nl</language_label>
      <string>Meervalachtigen</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>no</language_label>
      <string>Maller</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>pt</language_label>
      <string>Peixe-gato</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>te</language_label>
      <string>&#3114;&#3135;&#3122;&#3149;&#3122;&#3135; &#3098;&#3143;&#3114;</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>tr</language_label>
      <string>Siluriformes</string>
    </item>
  </common-names>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Bailey, R.M., and G.R. Smith. 1981. Origin and geography of the fish fauna of the Laurentian Great Lakesbasin. Canadian J. Fish Aquat. Sci. 38:1539-1561.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75128</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75128</ref-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Bailey, R. M. and D. J. Stewart. 1984. Bagrid catfishes from Lake Tanganyika, with a key and descriptions of new taxa. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan 168:1-41.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75129</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75129</ref-id>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Baron, V.D., A.A. Orlov, and A.S. Golubtsov. 1996a. African catfishes. A new group of weakly electric fish. Izvestiya RAN. Ser. Biol., (1): 106-111. (in Russian)</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75130</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75130</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1091536</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Baron, V. D., A. A. Orlov, and A. S. Golubtsov. 1996b. Discovery of electric discharges in the African catfish &lt;i&gt;Auchenoglanis occidentalis&lt;/i&gt; (Siluriformes: Bagridae). Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 349 (4): 565-567. (in Russian)</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75131</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75131</ref-id>
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        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Baskin, J.N. 1973. Structure and relationships of the Trichomycteridae. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, City University of New York, New York. 389 p.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75132</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75132</ref-id>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Bornbusch, A.H., and J.G. Lundberg. 1989. A new species of &lt;i&gt;Hemisilurus&lt;/i&gt; (Siluriformes, Siluridae) from the Mekong River, with comments on its relationships and historical biogeography. Copeia, 1989:434-444.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75133</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75133</ref-id>
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        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Burgess, W.E. 1989. An atlas of freshwater and marine catfishes. A preliminary survey of the Siluriformes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey.784 p, 285 pl.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75134</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
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      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Chen, X., and J.G. Lundberg. 1995. &lt;i&gt;Xiurenbagrus&lt;/i&gt;, a new genus of amblycipitid catfishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes), and phylogenetic relationships among the genera of Amblycipitidae. Copeia, 1995 (4): 780-800.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75135</id>
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        <ref-id type="NilClass">75135</ref-id>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Eschmeyer, W.E. (ed.) 1998. Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75136</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75136</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1091536</taxon-id>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics 2000a. Capture production. Vol. 90/1. Rome, FAO. 2002. 617p.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75137</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75137</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1091536</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics 2000b. Aquaculture production. Vol. 90/2. Rome, FAO. 2002. 178p.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75138</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75138</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1091536</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Ferraris, C.J. Jr. 1988. The Auchenipteridae: putative monophyly and systematics, with a classification of the Neotropical doradoid catfishes (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes). Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, City University of New York, New York, xvi + 229 p.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75139</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75139</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1091536</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Ferraris, C.J. Jr., and R.P. Vari. 1999. The South American catfish genus &lt;i&gt;Auchenipterus&lt;/i&gt; Valenciennes, 1840 (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): monophyly and relationships, with a revisionary study. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 126 (4): 387-450.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75140</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75140</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1091536</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Fink, S.V., and W.L. Fink. 1981. Interrelationships of the ostariophysan fishes (Teleostei). Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 72(4): 297-353.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75141</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75141</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1091536</taxon-id>
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      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Fink, S.V., and W.L. Fink. 1996. Interrelationships of the ostariophysan fishes (Teleostei). pp. 209-250. In M.L.J. Stiassny, L.R. Parenti and G.D. Johnson (eds.). Interrelationships of fishes. Academic Press, San Diego.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75142</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75142</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1091536</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Friel, J. P. 1994. A Phylogenetic Study of the Neotropical Banjo Catfishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Aspredinidae. Unpublished Ph.D thesis, Duke University, 256 pp.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75143</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75143</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1091536</taxon-id>
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      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Fuller, P.L., L.G. Nico, and J.D. Williams. 1999. Nonindigenous fishes introduced into inland waters of the United States. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication No. 27. Bethesda, MD. 613 pp.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75144</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75144</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1091536</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Grande, L. 1987. Redescription of &lt;i&gt;Hypsidoris farsonensis&lt;/i&gt; (Teleostei: Siluriformes), with a reassessment of its phylogenetic relationships. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7:24-54.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75145</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75145</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1091536</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
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      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Grande, L. 1994. Studies of paleoenvironments and historical biogeography in the Fossil Butte and Laney Members of the Green River Formation. Univ. Wyoming Contrib. Geol. 30:15-32.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75146</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75146</ref-id>
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      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Grande, L., and J. T. Eastman. 1986. A review of the Antarctic ichthyofaunas in light of new fossil discoveries. Paleontology, 29:113-137.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75147</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75147</ref-id>
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      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Hardman, M. 2002. The phylogenetic relationships among extant catfishes, with special reference to Ictaluridae (Otophysi: Siluriformes). Unpubl. Ph.D Dissertation, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois. 228 p.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75148</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75148</ref-id>
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        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
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      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Lundberg, J.G. 1993. African-South American freshwater fish clades and continental drift: Problems with a paradigm. pp.156-199. In P. Goldblatt, (ed.) Biological relationships between Africa and South America. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75149</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75149</ref-id>
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        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
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      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Lundberg, J.G. 1997. Fishes of the La Venta fauna: additional taxa, biotic and paleoenvironmental implications. pp. 67-91. In R. F. Kay et al. (eds.) Vertebrate paleontology in the Neotropics: The Miocene fauna of La Venta Colombia. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75150</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75150</ref-id>
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        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Lundberg, J.G. 1998. The temporal context for diversification of Neotropical fishes. Chapter 2. In L.R. Malabarba, R.E. Reis, R.P. Vari, C.A.S. Lucena and Z.M.S. Lucena (eds.), Phylogeny and classification of Neotropical fishes. EDIPUCRS. Porto Alegre, Brazil.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75151</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75151</ref-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Lundberg, J.G., and L. McDade. 1986. A redescription of the rare Venezuelan catfish &lt;i&gt;Brachyrhamdia imitator&lt;/i&gt; Myers (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) with phylogenetic evidence for a large intrafamilial lineage. Notula Naturae, (463):1-24.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75152</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75152</ref-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Lundberg, J.G., A.H. Bornbusch, and F. Mago-Leccia. 1991. &lt;i&gt;Gladioglanis conquistador&lt;/i&gt; n. sp. from Ecuador, with diagnoses of the subfamily Rhamdiinae Bleeker (1862) and Pseudopimelodinae n.subf. (Siluriformes:Pimelodidae). Copeia, 1991 (1): 190-208.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75153</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75153</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1091536</taxon-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Lundberg, J.G., F. Mago-Leccia, and P. Nass. 1991. &lt;i&gt;Exallodontus aguana&lt;/i&gt;i, a new genus and species of Pimelodidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from deep river channels of South America and delimitation of the sub-family Pimelodinae. Proceedings of the Biological Society Washington. 104(4):840-869.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75154</id>
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        <ref-id type="NilClass">75154</ref-id>
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      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Lundberg, J.G., M. Kottelat, G.R. Smith, M. Stiassny, and T. Gill. 2000. So many fishes, so little time: An overview of recent ichthyological discoveries in fresh waters. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 87(1): 26-62.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75155</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75155</ref-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Lundberg, J.G., and R. Troll. 2001. Freshwater Riches of the Amazon. Natural History Magazine, American Museum of Natural History, 111 (7, for September): 36-42.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75156</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75156</ref-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>McKaye, K.R., and M.K. Oliver. 1980. Geometry of a selfish school: Defence of cichlid young by bagrid catfish in Lake Malawi, Africa. Animal Behaviour, 28:1287-1290.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75157</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75157</ref-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Mo, T. 1991.  Anatomy, relationships and systematics of the Bagridae (Teleostei: Siluroidei) with a hypothesis of siluroid phylogeny. Theses Zoologicae 17, Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, vii + 216pp., 63 figs.</full-reference>
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      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Montoya-Burgos, J., S. Muller, C. Weber, and J. Pawlowski. 1997. Phylogenetic relationships between Hypostominae and Ancistrinae (Siluroidei: Loricariidae): first results from mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA gene sequences. Rev. Suisse Zool., 104 (1): 185-198.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75159</id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Nelson, J.A., M.E. Whitmer, E.A. Johnson, D. Wubah, and D.J. Stewart. 1999. Wood-eating catfishes of the genus &lt;i&gt;Panaque&lt;/i&gt; (Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann): gut microflora and enzyme activities. J. Fish Biol., 54: 1069-1082.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Nelson, J.S. 1994. Fishes of the world, 3rd edition. John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York.</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75161</ref-id>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Norris, S.M. 2002. A revision of the African electric catfishes, family Malapteruridae (Teleostei, Siluriformes), with erection of a new genus and descriptions of fourteen new species, and an annotated bibliography. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Cent. Ser. in 8&amp;ordm;, Zool., No. 289.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>Patterson, C. 1981. The development of the North American fish fauna -- problem of historical biogeography. Pp. 265-281. In P. L. Forey (ed.), The Evolving Biosphere. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, England.</full-reference>
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      <ref>
        <full-reference>de Pinna, M.C.C. 1992. A new subfamily of Trichomycteridae (Teleostei, Siluriformes), lower loricarioid relationships and a discussion on the impact of additional taxa for phylogenetic analysis. Zool. J.Linn. Soc., 106 (3): 175-229.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75164</id>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>de Pinna, M.C.C. 1993. Higher-level phylogeny of Siluriformes (Teleostei, Ostariophysi), with a new classification of the order. Unpubl. Ph.D Dissertation, City Univ. of New York, New York. 482 p.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75165</id>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>de Pinna, M.C.C. 1996. A phylogenetic analysis of the Asian catfish families Sisoridae, Akysidae, and Amblycipitidae, with a hypothesis on the relationships of the neotropical Aspredinidae (Teleostei, Ostariophysi). Fieldiana Zool. (N. S.), No. 84: i-iv + 1-83.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75166</id>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>de Pinna, M.C.C. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships of neotropical Siluriformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi): historical overview and synthesis of hypotheses. Pp. 279-330. In L. R. Malabarba, R. E. Reis R. P. Vari, Z. M. Lucena, and C.A.S. Lucena (eds.), Phylogeny and classification of Neotropical fishes. EDIPUCRS, Porto Alegre.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75167</id>
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        <ref-id type="NilClass">75167</ref-id>
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        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>de Pinna, M.C.C. and R.P. Vari. 1995. Monophyly and phylogenetic diagnosis of the family Cetopsidae, with synonymization of the Helogenidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes). Smithsonian Contrib. Zool., No. 571: i-iii + 1-26.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75168</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75168</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1091536</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Reis, R.E. 1998. Systematics, biogeography, and the fossil record of the Callichthyidae: a review of the available data. Pp. 351-362. in L.R. Malabarba, R. E. Reis R. P. Vari, Z.M. Lucena, and C.A.S. Lucena (eds.), Phylogeny and classification of Neotropical fishes. EDIPUCRS, Porto Alegre. 1-603.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75169</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75169</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1091536</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Retzer, M.E., and L.M. Page. 1997. Systematics of the stick catfishes, &lt;i&gt;Farlowella&lt;/i&gt; (Pisces, Loricariidae). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 147:33-88.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75170</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75170</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1091536</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Roberts, T.R., and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. 1998. Review of South Asian sisorid catfish genera &lt;i&gt;Gagata&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Nangra&lt;/i&gt;, with descriptions of a new genus and five new species. Proc. California Acad. Sci., 50 (14): 315-345.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75171</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75171</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1091536</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Rodiles Hernandez, R., D. Hendrickson, J.G. Lundberg, and J. Alves Gomes. 2000. A new siluriform family from southern Mexico. Abstracts, annual meeting of the American Society of Ichthyologists &amp; Herpetologists, La Paz, Mexico.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75172</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75172</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1091536</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Royero, R. 1987. Morfologia de la aleta dorsal en los bagres (Teleoste: Siluriformes), con especial referencia a las familias americanas. Unpublished bachelor&amp;#146;s Dissertation, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Biologia, Caracas, 232p.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75173</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75173</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1091536</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Sabaj, M.H. 2002. Taxonomy of the neotropical thorny catfishes (Siluriformes: Doradidae) and revision of genus &lt;i&gt;Leptodoras&lt;/i&gt;. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois. 412p.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75174</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75174</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1091536</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Schaefer S.A. 1990. Anatomy and relationships of the scoloplacid catfishes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 142:167-210.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">75175</id>
        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75175</ref-id>
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        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">0</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Spotte, S. 2002. Candiru: Life and legend of the bloodsucking catfishes. Creative Arts Books, Berkeley.</full-reference>
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        <published type="integer">0</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">75176</ref-id>
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  <overview>
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  </overview>
  <table-of-contents>
    <item>
      <id>1</id>
      <label>Overview</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>2</id>
      <label>Introduction</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>3</id>
      <label>Description</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>290</id>
      <label>General Description</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>9</id>
      <label>Biodiversity Heritage Library</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>7</id>
      <label>References and More Information</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>17</id>
      <label>Literature References</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>244</id>
      <label>Bibliographies</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>226</id>
      <label>Specialist Projects</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>227</id>
      <label>Search the Web</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>13</id>
      <label>Common Names</label>
    </item>
  </table-of-contents>
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      <id type="integer">1</id>
      <canonical-form>Animalia</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Animalia</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">694</id>
      <canonical-form>Chordata</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Chordata</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">1905</id>
      <canonical-form>Actinopterygii</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Actinopterygii</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5083</id>
      <canonical-form>Siluriformes</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Siluriformes</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
  </ancestors>
  <children>
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      <id type="integer">5086</id>
      <canonical-form>Siluridae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Siluridae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5087</id>
      <canonical-form>Scoloplacidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Scoloplacidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5088</id>
      <canonical-form>Schilbeidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Schilbeidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5089</id>
      <canonical-form>Pseudopimelodidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Pseudopimelodidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5090</id>
      <canonical-form>Plotosidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Plotosidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5091</id>
      <canonical-form>Pimelodidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Pimelodidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5092</id>
      <canonical-form>Pangasiidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Pangasiidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5093</id>
      <canonical-form>Olyridae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Olyridae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5094</id>
      <canonical-form>Nematogenyidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Nematogenyidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5095</id>
      <canonical-form>Mochokidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Mochokidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5096</id>
      <canonical-form>Malapteruridae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Malapteruridae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5097</id>
      <canonical-form>Loricariidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Loricariidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5098</id>
      <canonical-form>Lacantuniidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Lacantuniidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5099</id>
      <canonical-form>Ictaluridae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Ictaluridae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5100</id>
      <canonical-form>Heteropneustidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Heteropneustidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5101</id>
      <canonical-form>Heptapteridae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Heptapteridae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5102</id>
      <canonical-form>Erethistidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Erethistidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5103</id>
      <canonical-form>Doradidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Doradidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5104</id>
      <canonical-form>Diplomystidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Diplomystidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5105</id>
      <canonical-form>Cranoglanididae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Cranoglanididae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">4555106</id>
      <canonical-form>Claroteidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Claroteidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5106</id>
      <canonical-form>Clariidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Clariidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5107</id>
      <canonical-form>Chacidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Chacidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5108</id>
      <canonical-form>Cetopsidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Cetopsidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5109</id>
      <canonical-form>Callichthyidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Callichthyidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5110</id>
      <canonical-form>Bagridae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Bagridae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5111</id>
      <canonical-form>Austroglanididae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Austroglanididae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5112</id>
      <canonical-form>Auchenipteridae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Auchenipteridae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5113</id>
      <canonical-form>Astroblepidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Astroblepidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5114</id>
      <canonical-form>Aspredinidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Aspredinidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5115</id>
      <canonical-form>Ariidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Ariidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5116</id>
      <canonical-form>Anchariidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Anchariidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5117</id>
      <canonical-form>Amphiliidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Amphiliidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5118</id>
      <canonical-form>Amblycipitidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Amblycipitidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5119</id>
      <canonical-form>Akysidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Akysidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5085</id>
      <canonical-form>Sisoridae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Sisoridae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">5084</id>
      <canonical-form>Trichomycteridae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Trichomycteridae</scientific-name>
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MS Education - Johns Hopkins University
ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia


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    <user>
      <credentials>Asst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere.  Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 2005</credentials>
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    <user>
      <credentials>University of Michigan, PhD 1997
Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)

Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America.</credentials>
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      <credentials>Research Associate, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
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member, American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
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    <user>
      <credentials>William Miller, PhD
Assistant Professor
Baker University
Dept. of Biology
PO Box 65
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66006-0065



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University of Miami
Coral Gables, Fl 33124

AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi

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    <user>
      <credentials>Emeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin

Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.

Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.

Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.

Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D.  (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway.  Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.

Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse  Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles.  Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.</credentials>
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      <username>jrynolds</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Affiliated with EOL Species Pages Group</credentials>
      <id type="integer">39552</id>
      <username>lshapiro</username>
    </user>
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