Pycnopodia helianthoides (Brandt, 1835)
Pycnopodia helianthoides
Species recognized by T Orrell (custodian), The Integrated Taxonomic Information System
in 
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Table Of Contents
- Description
- Morphology
- Behavior
- Reproduction and Life History
- Trophic Strategy
- Ecology and Distribution
- Distribution
- Habitat
- Associations
- Conservation
- Relevance
- Uses
- Biodiversity Heritage Library
- References and More Information
- Literature References
- Specialist Projects
Morphology
Physical Description
Pycnopodia helianthoides, the largest of the sea stars, is radially symmetrical. The sunflower star has more arms than any other species, numbering between 15 and 24 (most sea stars have between 5 and 14), and is the heaviest known sea star, weighing about 5 kg. Their arms are up to 40 cm long and they are usually around 80 cm in diameter. The colors vary. Some are reddish-orange to yellow, violet brown, purplish or slatey purple. The stomach is found on the underside of the center body, or the oral surface. This area is usually a lighter color with yellow or orange tube feet. Pycnopodia helianthoides has over 15,000 tube feet which have suction cups that allow the stars to cling to rocks. The suctions cups are so strong that if you try to pull a sea star of a rock, the suctions cups may break lose from the sea star and continue to stick on the rock. (Ahearn and Benhnke, 1991; Esquivel, 2003; Lambert, 2000)
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