Biology

Inhabit deep, calm waters of lakes, reservoirs, canals and rivers. Feed mainly on fishes (Ref. 30578, 9696). The habitats occupied by S. lucioperca are likely to vary during different seasons, as shown by radio-tracking study done in the United States. In autumn, the adults prefer a substrate of large pebbles in 1.20-1.80 m depth. In winter, when the temperature approaches 5°C, S. lucioperca are found in pits and trenches where they overwinter. When the temperature rises above 2.8°C in spring, they commence upstream migration. Spawning takes place at a temperature of around 11°C on substrate composed of large pebbles in a current of 1.40-1.50 m/sec. After spawning, the parents drift downstream and stay in pools, 1.20-1.80 m deep, for two weeks. Mortalities affect the females after spawning. In summer, Z. lucioperca prefer a substrate of pebbles and are found at variable depths, often on the upstream edge of pits and trenches where there is a rupture of current. When the temperature reaches 30°C, they seek deep pools (Ref. 30578). Spawning is earlier in lower latitudes (Ref. 10999). Pale yellow eggs are found attached to emergent vegetation or stones and gravel (Ref. 41678). Popularly fished by sport fishers. Its flesh is succulent (Ref. 30578). Utilized fresh or frozen and eaten steamed, broiled and microwaved (Ref. 9988). An individual weighing 19 kg was reportedly caught in 1959 in Starnberger, Bavaria, Germany (Peter Admicka, pers. comm. E-mail: peter.adamicka@oeaw.ac.at).