Table Of Contents
- Overview
- Description
- Ecology and Distribution
- Evolution and Systematics
- Catalogue of Life Synonyms
- Relevance
- Biodiversity Heritage Library
- References and More Information
- Specialist Projects
- Common Names
Overview
Biology
Source and Additional Information
FishBase
See FishBase for additional references

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Occurs in shallow coastal waters, on sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 30573). Feeds mainly on bottom living invertebrates. Marketed fresh. Produces a bitter toxic substance from the bases of the dorsal and anal fin rays that deters predation, even by sharks (Ref. 9710) and thus may prove valuable as a shark repellent (Ref. 4537).

