Biology

Found in clear streams and enters brackish waters (Ref. 4832). Inhabits standing and sluggish waters of lakes, floodplains, canals and ponds (Ref. 12693). Undertakes localized lateral migrations from the Mekong River to floodplains during the flood season and back to the mainstream or other permanent water bodies during the dry season (Ref. 37770). Common in tanks throughout the greater parts of India. Feeds on insects, fish (Ref. 12693), crustaceans and some young roots of aquatic plants (Ref. 6459). Active during twilight and night. Colonizes and breeds seasonally during rainy days and migrates back to permanent waters in dry season (Ref. 12693). Breeding takes place in stagnant or running waters in the rainy season. Eggs are laid in small clumps on submerged vegetation. A female measuring 21-25 cm usually lays 1,200-3,000 eggs. The fish is relished both in fresh and dried state. Soup made from it is reported to be given to people with measles (Ref. 7431). Of high economic important food fish in South and Southeast Asia to Borneo and Sumatra taken by all types of small-scale fishing gears (Ref. 57235).