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U.S. 41A, Pleasant View, Cheatham County, Tennessee, US
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Verbascum nigrum L., syn.: Verbascum minutiflorum Stef. Family: Scrophulariaceae Juss.EN: Black Mullein, Dark Mullein, DE: Schwarze KnigskerzeSlo.: rni lunikDat.: July 4. 2021Lat.: 46.360448 Long.: 13.702869Code: Bot_1388/2021_DSC07705Habitat: Slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; ruderal grassland, colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; half shade; elevation 600 m (1.900 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, next to Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Almost all species of Mulleins growing in Slovenia (13 all together) are all stout, beautiful plants. Verbascum nigrum is not the largest one of them, yet it can grow up to 1.2 m tall. Usually it has a single flowering stem with many, many bright yellow flowers, but smaller side flowering stems are also quite frequent. They branch always low on the main stem (contrary to the most of others species, like Verbascum lychnitis or Verbascum pulverulentum). During anthese (flowering period) the flowers do not open, as it is usual with most of long elongated inflorescences, 'systematically', from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence (or vice versa), but open sporadically, here and there, without respect to their position in the inflorescence, like a 'slow motion' firework.Verbascum nigrum is a common plant distributed almost all over the Europe. It can easily be separated form other species in this genus. It is the only yellow blooming one, which has violet densely hairy stamens and cordate (heart-shaped) base of ground leaves. Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549.
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Verbascum pulverulentum Vill., syn.: Verbascum acutifolium Halcsy, Verbascum floccosumHoary Mullein, Broad-leaf Mullein, DE: Flockige Knigskerze, Flocken-Knigskerze, CR: pranjava divizma, Slo.: kosmiasti lunikDat.: May 4. 2018Lat.: 45.08209 Long.: 14.444306Code: Bot_1132/2018_DSC2683Habitat: Grassy roadside, ruderal, flat terrain; full sun, dry place; calcareous ground; elevation 125 m (410 feet); average precipitations ~ 900-1000 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, sun-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: West island Krk, next to the road from village Milohnii to Glavotok monastery, near village Brzac, Kvarner bay, Adriatic Sea, Croatia EC. Comment: Genus Verbascum is large and encompasses almost 100 species. Many of them are stout, remarkable green plants, some up to 2,5 m tall. Slovenian vernacular name for most of them 'papeeva svea' means 'pope's candle' and German name means 'King's candle') since some single-stem species nicely resemble stout candle with yellow flame on top. However, the color of their numerous flowers can be from white, yellow, reddish to dark, intensive violet, but admittedly most of them bloom bright yellow. It is not always easy to separate them to species level since they are variable and often form hybrids.Verbascum pulverulentum is a south and west European floral element, wide spread but rather rare. It is not limited to (sub)-Mediterranean region but can be found in several other European countries including Slovenia. Its most obvious morphological trait are its wooly hairs. When young, the plants are densely hairy. But the hairs fall off soon and form typical white flakes or clumps (see Figs.3 and 4). Stem and branches are round in cross-section and upper stem leaves are pointed (notice one of Latin synonym species names - 'acutifolium') (see Fig.7). Stamens have long whitish 'beard' of hairs and their bright red anthers are set perpendicularly to them (see Fig.5).Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 723.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549. (3) W.K. Rottensteiner, Exkursionsflora fr Istrien, Verlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fr Krnten, (2014), p 873.(4) R. Domac, Flora Hrvatske (Flora of Croatia) (in Croatian), kolska Knjiga, Zagreb (1994), p 270.(5) N. Jogan (ed.), Gradivo za Atlas flore Slovenije (Materials for the Atlas of Flora of Slovenia), CKSF (2001), p 399(6) L. Poldini, Nuovo Atlante corologico delle piante vascolari nel Friuli Venezia Giulia, University of Trieste (2002), p 511.
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Kaikoura, Canterbury, New Zealand
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close up image of Verbascum thapsus COMMON MULLEIN at the James Woodworth Prairie Preserve - showing the soft-velvety leaves that are a characteristic of this species.
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Verbascum phoeniceum L.Purple Mulein, DE: Violette Knigskerze, CR: ljubiasta divizmaSlo.: vijolini lunikDat.: April 28. 2015Lat.: 45.08154 Long.: 14.44152Code: Bot_871/2015_DSC6126Habitat: small, grassy openings in the wood and among bushes; flat, calcareous terrain; half shade, dry place; exposed to direct rain; elevation 70 m (230 feet), average precipitations 1.000-1.200 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: both sides of the dirt road from village Poljica to boat anchorage of the village, west part of island Krk, Adriatic Sea, Kvarner, Croatia ECComments: Plants in the genus Verbascum are mostly large and conspicuous. Some species can reach almost 2 m height having hundreds of bright yellow flowers. A group of such plants is a magnificent view. All of 13 species of this genus growing in Slovenia and all 16 of them growing in the whole Alps bloom yellow with a single exception - Verbascum phoeniceum. It is violet and not very tall (up to 1 m, usually much smaller). Its typical characteristic is its flowers when still in buds. They resemble to small, deep violet, perfectly five angled cushions. The determination of the plant is hence simple. Verbascum phoeniceum is a warmth lover. In Slovenia it is almost rare, particularly in its alpine phytogeographical region. It enters the whole Alps arc only on a few, most southern places. North of us, in Austria, it is a very rare and protected plant. The plants photographed were growing scattered, solitary and in small groups of few on both sides of the local dirt road.Ref.:(1) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 549. (2) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 188.(3) R. Domac, Flora Hrvatske: Prirunik za odreivanje bilja (Flora of Croatia: Plant determination manual), kolska Knjiga, Zgreb, II. izdanje (2002), p 270.(4) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2005), p 408.(5) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005).
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Midtsjælland, Danmark
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Kimberly Lane and U.S. 41A, Pleasant View, Cheatham County, Tennessee, US
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Verbascum nigrum L., syn.: Verbascum minutiflorum Stef. Family: Scrophulariaceae Juss.EN: Black Mullein, Dark Mullein, DE: Schwarze KnigskerzeSlo.: rni lunikDat.: July 4. 2021Lat.: 46.360448 Long.: 13.702869Code: Bot_1388/2021_DSC07705Habitat: Slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; ruderal grassland, colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; half shade; elevation 600 m (1.900 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, next to Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Almost all species of Mulleins growing in Slovenia (13 all together) are all stout, beautiful plants. Verbascum nigrum is not the largest one of them, yet it can grow up to 1.2 m tall. Usually it has a single flowering stem with many, many bright yellow flowers, but smaller side flowering stems are also quite frequent. They branch always low on the main stem (contrary to the most of others species, like Verbascum lychnitis or Verbascum pulverulentum). During anthese (flowering period) the flowers do not open, as it is usual with most of long elongated inflorescences, 'systematically', from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence (or vice versa), but open sporadically, here and there, without respect to their position in the inflorescence, like a 'slow motion' firework.Verbascum nigrum is a common plant distributed almost all over the Europe. It can easily be separated form other species in this genus. It is the only yellow blooming one, which has violet densely hairy stamens and cordate (heart-shaped) base of ground leaves. Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549.
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close up image of Verbascum blattaria MOTH MULLEIN at the James Woodworth Prairie Preserve - showing a single specimen detailing lower leaves and several flower buds
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Found next to Sabino Creek, Arizona, Dec 6, 2009
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Midtsjælland, Danmark
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Kimberly Lane and U.S. 41A, Pleasant View, Cheatham County, Tennessee, US
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Verbascum nigrum L., syn.: Verbascum minutiflorum Stef. Family: Scrophulariaceae Juss.EN: Black Mullein, Dark Mullein, DE: Schwarze KnigskerzeSlo.: rni lunikDat.: July 4. 2021Lat.: 46.360448 Long.: 13.702869Code: Bot_1388/2021_DSC07705Habitat: Slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; ruderal grassland, colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; half shade; elevation 600 m (1.900 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, next to Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Almost all species of Mulleins growing in Slovenia (13 all together) are all stout, beautiful plants. Verbascum nigrum is not the largest one of them, yet it can grow up to 1.2 m tall. Usually it has a single flowering stem with many, many bright yellow flowers, but smaller side flowering stems are also quite frequent. They branch always low on the main stem (contrary to the most of others species, like Verbascum lychnitis or Verbascum pulverulentum). During anthese (flowering period) the flowers do not open, as it is usual with most of long elongated inflorescences, 'systematically', from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence (or vice versa), but open sporadically, here and there, without respect to their position in the inflorescence, like a 'slow motion' firework.Verbascum nigrum is a common plant distributed almost all over the Europe. It can easily be separated form other species in this genus. It is the only yellow blooming one, which has violet densely hairy stamens and cordate (heart-shaped) base of ground leaves. Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549.
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Verbascum blattaria L., syn.: Verbascum carduifolium Hayek, Verbascum rhinanthifolium DavidovFamily: Scrophulariaceae Juss.EN: Moth mullein, DE: Schaben-Knigskerze, SchabenkrautSlo.: grozdasti lunikDat.: June 13.2020Lat.: 45.08248 Long.: 14.44350 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1309/2020_DSC03928, Bot_1310/2020_DSC0428Habitat: Outskirts of a village, semiruderal grassy place, flat terrain; calcareous, stony ground; sunny and dry place; elevation 125 m (410 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 12-13 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: West part of the island Krk, north outskirts of village Brzac, otovento region, Kvarner archipelago, Adriatic Sea, Rijeka district, Croatia EC.Comment (relates to the album Verbascum blattaria):The moth mullein (Verbascum blattaria) is a biennial plant. In the first year only rosettes develop. In the second year a tall (up to 1.5 m), slander flowering stalks develop. The plant is widely distributed. Native to Europe, Asia and North Africa it is now naturalized also in North America, where it was introduced 200 years ago. The seeds are extremely long lived. In an experiment it was proved that they still germinate at 50% rate after 120 years of dormancy (Ref.: 4). Ref.(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 188.(4) Telewski, F.W. and Zeevaart, A.D. 2002. The 120-Year Period for Dr. Beal's Seed Viability Experiment. American Journal of Botany 89(8): 1285-1288.
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Verbascum thapsus in our garden
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Midtsjælland, Danmark
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U.S. 41A and Keri Dr., Cheatham County, Tennessee, US
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Verbascum nigrum L., syn.: Verbascum minutiflorum Stef. Family: Scrophulariaceae Juss.EN: Black Mullein, Dark Mullein, DE: Schwarze KnigskerzeSlo.: rni lunikDat.: July 4. 2021Lat.: 46.360448 Long.: 13.702869Code: Bot_1388/2021_DSC07705Habitat: Slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; ruderal grassland, colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; half shade; elevation 600 m (1.900 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, next to Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Almost all species of Mulleins growing in Slovenia (13 all together) are all stout, beautiful plants. Verbascum nigrum is not the largest one of them, yet it can grow up to 1.2 m tall. Usually it has a single flowering stem with many, many bright yellow flowers, but smaller side flowering stems are also quite frequent. They branch always low on the main stem (contrary to the most of others species, like Verbascum lychnitis or Verbascum pulverulentum). During anthese (flowering period) the flowers do not open, as it is usual with most of long elongated inflorescences, 'systematically', from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence (or vice versa), but open sporadically, here and there, without respect to their position in the inflorescence, like a 'slow motion' firework.Verbascum nigrum is a common plant distributed almost all over the Europe. It can easily be separated form other species in this genus. It is the only yellow blooming one, which has violet densely hairy stamens and cordate (heart-shaped) base of ground leaves. Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549.
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Verbascum blattaria L., syn.: Verbascum carduifolium Hayek, Verbascum rhinanthifolium DavidovFamily: Scrophulariaceae Juss.EN: Moth mullein, DE: Schaben-Knigskerze, SchabenkrautSlo.: grozdasti lunikDat.: June 13.2020Lat.: 45.08248 Long.: 14.44350 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1309/2020_DSC03928, Bot_1310/2020_DSC0428Habitat: Outskirts of a village, semiruderal grassy place, flat terrain; calcareous, stony ground; sunny and dry place; elevation 125 m (410 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 12-13 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: West part of the island Krk, north outskirts of village Brzac, otovento region, Kvarner archipelago, Adriatic Sea, Rijeka district, Croatia EC.Comment (relates to the album Verbascum blattaria):The moth mullein (Verbascum blattaria) is a biennial plant. In the first year only rosettes develop. In the second year a tall (up to 1.5 m), slander flowering stalks develop. The plant is widely distributed. Native to Europe, Asia and North Africa it is now naturalized also in North America, where it was introduced 200 years ago. The seeds are extremely long lived. In an experiment it was proved that they still germinate at 50% rate after 120 years of dormancy (Ref.: 4). Ref.(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 188.(4) Telewski, F.W. and Zeevaart, A.D. 2002. The 120-Year Period for Dr. Beal's Seed Viability Experiment. American Journal of Botany 89(8): 1285-1288.
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Vera del Moncayo. Zaragoza: Aragn ( Espaa)Familia: SCROPHULARIACEAEDistribucin: En Europa se distribuye por todo el continente, excepto el extremo N y parte de la Pennsula Balcnica; en la Pennsula Ibrica por la mitad N; se extiende por casi todo Aragn, siendo muy escasa en la Depresin del Ebro.Hbitat: Crece en todo tipo de ambientes ruderales, mrgenes de caminos, campos abandonados, terrenos majadeados o trastocados y tambin se da en claros de matorral, prados, graveras y rellanos o pies de roquedos.Preferencia edfica: Indiferente Rango altitudinal: 290- 1890 m Floracin: Mayo - AgostoForma Biolgica: Hemicriptfito bienal Extractado del Atlas de la Flora de Aragn (Herbario de Jaca)
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Botanisk Have Århus
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U.S. 41A and Keri Dr., Cheatham County, Tennessee, US