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Hinggan Fir

Abies nephrolepis (Trautv. ex Maxim.) Maxim.

Comments

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Abies "sibirico-nephrolepis" Takenouchi & J. J. Chien (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6: 153. 1957) was described from Heilongjiang as a natural hybrid between A. nephrolepis and A. sibirica. However, the name is a hybrid formula and not a true epithet (ICBN, Art. H.10.3).

The timber is used for construction, furniture, or wood pulp.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 4: 47 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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eFloras.org
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Description

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Trees to 30 m tall; trunk to 1.2 m d.b.h.; bark gray, with longitudinal, oblong plates or scales; branchlets light brown, turning gray or gray-brown in 2nd or 3rd year, densely light pubescent; winter buds globose, resinous. Leaves pectinately arranged in 2 lateral sets, ascending on main and cone-bearing branchlets, light green adaxially, linear, flattened, (1-)1.5-2.5 (-3) cm × ca. 1.5 mm, stomatal lines in 2 white bands abaxially, resin canals 2, median, apex emarginate sometimes acute on main and cone-bearing branchlets. Seed cones sessile, purple-brown or dark purple at maturity, ovoid-cylindric or cylindric, 4.5-9.5 × 2-3 cm. Seed scales at middle of cones reniform or flabellate-reniform, rarely flabellate-trapeziform, 1-1.5 × 1.4-2.2 cm, exposed part densely pubescent, lateral margins orbicular or auriculate, erose-denticulate. Bracts included or slightly exserted, obovate, 3/5-4/5 as long as or rarely equaling seed scales, apex with cusp ca. 3 mm. Seeds slightly appressed, obovoid-triangular, 4-6 mm; wing brown, cuneate, usually slightly shorter than seeds. Cotyledons 4 or 5. Pollination Apr-May, seed maturity Sep-Oct.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 4: 47 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Distribution

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Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi [Korea, E Russia]
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copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 4: 47 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Habitat

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Hills, mountains; 300-2100 m.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 4: 47 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
original
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eFloras

Synonym

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Abies sibirica Ledebour var. nephrolepis Trautvetter ex Maximowicz, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 260. 1859.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 4: 47 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
partner site
eFloras

Abies nephrolepis

provided by wikipedia EN

Abies nephrolepis, commonly known as Khingan fir,[4] is a species of fir native to northeastern China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi), North Korea, South Korea, and southeastern Russia (Amur Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Primorsky Krai, southern Khabarovsk Krai).[5][6]

It is a medium-sized evergreen coniferous tree growing to 30 m tall with a trunk up to 1.2 m diameter and a narrow conic to columnar crown. The bark is grey-brown, smooth on young trees, becoming fissured on old trees. The leaves are flat needle-like, 10–30 mm long and 1.5–2 mm broad, green above, and with two dull greenish-white stomatal bands below; they are spirally arranged, but twisted at the base to lie flattened either side of and forwards across the top of the shoots. The cones are 4.5–7 cm (rarely to 9.5 cm) long and 2–3 cm broad, green or purplish ripening grey-brown, and often very resinous; the tips of the bract scales are slightly exserted between the seed scales. Each seed scale bears two winged seeds, released when the cones disintegrate at maturity in the autumn.[5][6]

It is closely related to Abies sachalinensis, Abies koreana, Abies veitchii, and Abies sibirica, which replace it to the east, south, southeast, and west respectively. The range abuts that of A. sibirica and hybrids occur where they meet; these have been named as Abies × sibirico-nephrolepis Taken. & J.J.Chien.[5]

The wood from this tree was used for pulp production during the Japanese occupation of Korea in the 1920s.[7]

References

  1. ^ Cirrus Digital Manchurian Fir
  2. ^ Zhang, D.; Katsuki, T.; Rushforth, K. (2013). "Abies nephrolepis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T42292A76095986. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42292A76095986.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  3. ^ a b "Abies nephrolepis (Trautv.) Maxim." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2022-04-20.
  4. ^ English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 333. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
  5. ^ a b c Farjon, A. (1990). Pinaceae. Drawings and Descriptions of the Genera. Koeltz Scientific Books ISBN 3-87429-298-3.
  6. ^ a b Flora of China: Abies nephrolepis
  7. ^ Uyeda, Y.; Morita, T. (July 20, 1928). "Researches on Wood Chemistry. 4". Sen-iso Kogyo. 4 (9): 27. doi:10.2115/fiber1925.4.en27.
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Abies nephrolepis: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Abies nephrolepis, commonly known as Khingan fir, is a species of fir native to northeastern China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi), North Korea, South Korea, and southeastern Russia (Amur Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Primorsky Krai, southern Khabarovsk Krai).

It is a medium-sized evergreen coniferous tree growing to 30 m tall with a trunk up to 1.2 m diameter and a narrow conic to columnar crown. The bark is grey-brown, smooth on young trees, becoming fissured on old trees. The leaves are flat needle-like, 10–30 mm long and 1.5–2 mm broad, green above, and with two dull greenish-white stomatal bands below; they are spirally arranged, but twisted at the base to lie flattened either side of and forwards across the top of the shoots. The cones are 4.5–7 cm (rarely to 9.5 cm) long and 2–3 cm broad, green or purplish ripening grey-brown, and often very resinous; the tips of the bract scales are slightly exserted between the seed scales. Each seed scale bears two winged seeds, released when the cones disintegrate at maturity in the autumn.

It is closely related to Abies sachalinensis, Abies koreana, Abies veitchii, and Abies sibirica, which replace it to the east, south, southeast, and west respectively. The range abuts that of A. sibirica and hybrids occur where they meet; these have been named as Abies × sibirico-nephrolepis Taken. & J.J.Chien.

The wood from this tree was used for pulp production during the Japanese occupation of Korea in the 1920s.

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Wikipedia authors and editors
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