Alpine Bluegrass

This species has spikelets broadly ovate, lower glumes 3-veined, lemma proximally pubescent between veins, callus glabrous, old sheaths persistent and closely overlapping, anthers more than 1.2 mm, and palea keels shortly villous, together making it quite distinct from other species. Gatherings from arctic regions and European mountains are often viviparous, but such plants have not been recorded from China.

Plants of Alpine Meadow-grass with proliferating spikelets are occasionally found. 2700-5500m.

Perennials, densely tufted; shoots intravaginal. Culms erect or obliquely ascending, (5–)10–30(–45) cm tall, usually several per tuft, smooth, nodes often 2, 1 exserted. Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, 2 or more × as long as blade, basal ones persistent, investing culm bases, uppermost closed for 1/4 length; ligule white, 2–4(–5) mm, abaxially smooth, of tillers 1–2 cm long; blade grayish green, flat or folded, thickly papery, withering, 3–10(–16) cm, 2–6 mm wide, surfaces glabrous, margins smooth or sparsely scabrid, apex prow-tipped. Panicle loosely contracted to open, ovoid to oblong (pyramidal at anthesis), 2–7 × 2–3 cm, purple tinged; branches ascending to spreading, 2 per node, rounded, smooth or distally sparsely scabrid, longest 2(–3) cm, divaricately rebranched with moderately crowded spikelets in distal 1/2. Spikelets broadly ovate, 4–8 mm, florets 3–5(–7); vivipary absent in China; rachilla internodes ca. 0.5 mm, smooth, glabrous (rarely slightly pilulose); glumes broadly ovate, membranous-papery, subequal, faintly 3-veined, keel arched, scabrid, surfaces smooth, margins membranous, smooth, apex acute, lower glume 2.5–3(–4) mm, upper glume 3.4–4.5 mm; lemmas broadly ovate, membranous-papery, apex and margins broadly membranous, keel arched, keel villous for 2/3 of length, marginal veins for 1/2 length, intermediate veins indistinct, area between veins pilulose to short villous; callus glabrous; palea glabrous or proximally infrequently pilulose between keels, keels scabrid, often medially pilulose to shortly villous. Anthers 1.2–2 mm. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep. 2n = 22, 28, 32, 33, 34, 35, 42, 44, 58.

Tufted perennial; culms 15-30(-40)cm high, erect or ascending, thickened at the base with the fibrous remains of old leaf-sheaths but these not forming a bulbous swelling. Leaf-blades flat, 4-12cm long, 2-5mm wide, abruptly contracted to a hooded tip, scaberulous on the margins; ligule often lacerate, 3-5mm long Panicle ovate to pyramidal, 3-7cm long, compact or ± spreading; branches mostly paired, scaberulous. Spikelets 4-6(-9)-flowered, broadly ovate, 4-7mm long, tinged with purple; glumes unequal, ovate to elliptic, the lower 2.5-4mm long, 1-3-nerved, the upper 3-4.5mm long, 3-nerved; lemmas oblong or narrowly elliptic in side-view, 3.5-5mm long, subacute, ciliate on the keel and marginal nerves, sparsely hairy on the surface between the nerves, usually with a little wool at the base; palea as long as the lemma, the keels ciliate below, scabrid above; anthers 1.5-2.5mm long.

Arctic, mountains of Europe & Asia east to Nepal, Tibet & Mongolia, N. America.

Qinghai, Xinjiang, Xizang [Afghanistan, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan; SW Asia (Iran), Europe, North America].

Distribution: Pakistan (N.W.F.P., Gilgit & Kashmir); on mountains in Europe and the Mediterranean region through the Middle East to Central Asia and India; North America.

3800 m

Fl. & Fr. Per.: June-September.

Low arctic to subalpine meadows, sporadic in taiga, slopes, crevices along ditch banks, sandy places; 2400–3800 m.