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Heath False Brome

Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P. Beauv.

Associations

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Foodplant / saprobe
erect ascocarp of Acrospermum graminum is saprobic on dead stem of Brachypodium pinnatum
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
clypeate perithecium of Anthostomella tomicum is saprobic on dead leaf of Brachypodium pinnatum
Remarks: season: 2-9

Foodplant / parasite
Sphacelia anamorph of Claviceps purpurea parasitises inflorescence of Brachypodium pinnatum
Remarks: season: 7

Foodplant / gall
stroma of Epichlo causes gall of stem of Brachypodium pinnatum
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / saprobe
erumpent apothecium of Lophodermium gramineum is saprobic on dead leaf of Brachypodium pinnatum

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Marasmiellus humillimus is saprobic on dead stem of Brachypodium pinnatum

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile, shielded apothecium of Micropeziza karstenii is saprobic on dead stem of Brachypodium pinnatum
Remarks: season: 7-12

Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Phalacrus fimetarius feeds on Brachypodium pinnatum

Foodplant / saprobe
perithecium of Phomatospora dinemasporium is saprobic on dead sheath of Brachypodium pinnatum
Remarks: season: 6-7

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed apothecium of Phragmonaevia hysterioides is saprobic on dead, dry leaf of Brachypodium pinnatum
Remarks: season: 6-9

Foodplant / parasite
telium of Puccinia brachypodii var. brachypodii parasitises live leaf of Brachypodium pinnatum
Remarks: season: 7-11
Other: uncertain

Foodplant / saprobe
clypeate apothecium of Scutomollisia fimbriomarginata is saprobic on dead stem of Brachypodium pinnatum
Remarks: season: 4

Foodplant / saprobe
clypeate apothecium of Scutomollisia integromarginata is saprobic on dead stem of Brachypodium pinnatum
Remarks: season: 2-4

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / parasite
embedded sorus of Tilletia olida parasitises live leaf of Brachypodium pinnatum

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Description

provided by eFloras
Perennial with widely spreading slender rhizomes. Culms tufted, 30–40(–120) cm tall, unbranched, 3–8-noded. Leaf sheaths glabrous or pubescent; leaf blades linear, flat, pale green, 5–15(–40) cm, 3–8 mm wide, pubescent or scabrous on both surfaces; ligule 1.5–2.5 mm, margin ciliate. Raceme 5–20 cm, usually erect, spikelets 4–15; pedicels 1–2 mm. Spikelets 1.8–4 cm, subterete, florets 8–24; glumes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 3–6-veined, glabrous or thinly pubescent, acute, lower glume 3–5(–6) mm, upper glume 5–7(–8) mm; lemmas oblong-lanceolate, 7–11 mm, pubescent above middle and near margins, prominently 7-veined; awn 1–6 mm. Anthers 3–3.5(–5) mm.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 22: 368, 369 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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eFloras.org
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Distribution

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Europe, temperate Asia, introduced elsewhere.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
author
K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
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eFloras.org
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Elevation Range

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3500 m
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
author
K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
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eFloras.org
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Habitat & Distribution

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Grassy mountainsides. Nei Mongol, Shanxi, W Xizang, Yunnan (Zhaotong, Huize) [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia; N Africa, SW Asia, Europe; introduced in North America].
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 22: 368, 369 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Synonym

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Bromus pinnatus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 78. 1753; Agropyron pinnatum (Linnaeus) Chevallier.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 22: 368, 369 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
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visit source
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eFloras

Physical Description

provided by USDA PLANTS text
Peren nials, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Rhizomes present, Rhizome elongate, creeping, stems distant, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem nodes bearded or hairy, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems with inflorescence 1-2 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blade margins folded, involute, or conduplicate, Leaf blades more or less hairy, Leaf blades scabrous, roughened, or wrinkled, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence lax, widely spreading, branches drooping, pendulous, Inflorescence a panicle with narrowly racemose or spicate branches, Inflorescence with 2-10 branches, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets laterally compressed, Spikelets dorsally compressed or terete, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 8-40 florets, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes, glumes persistent, Spikelets disarticulating beneath or between the florets, Spikelets closely appressed or embedded in concave portions of axis, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes distinctly unequal, Glumes shorter than adjacent lemma, Glumes 3 nerved, Glumes 4-7 nerved, Lemmas thin, chartaceous, hyaline, cartilaginous, or membranous, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma body or surface hairy, Lemma apex acute or acuminate, Lemma distinc tly awned, more than 2-3 mm, Lemma with 1 awn, Lemma awn less than 1 cm long, Lemma awn 1-2 cm long, Lemma awned from tip, Lemma awns straight or curved to base, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea about equal to lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2 keeled, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellipsoid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear, Caryopsis hairy at apex.
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Dr. David Bogler
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Missouri Botanical Garden
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USDA NRCS NPDC
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USDA PLANTS text

Brachypodium pinnatum

provided by wikipedia EN

Brachypodium pinnatum, the heath false brome[2] or tor-grass, is a species of grass with a widespread distribution in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It typically grows in calcareous grassland, and reaches 70–120 centimetres (28–47 in) tall. The flowerhead is open, with 10 to 15 erect spikelets.

Distribution

The plant can be found in such US states as California, Massachusetts, and Oregon.[2]

Ecology

Blooming next to low garden wall

The caterpillars of some Lepidoptera use it as a food plant, e.g. the Essex skipper (Thymelicus lineola). It is also one of the most important host grasses for Auchenorrhyncha in central Europe.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ C. A. M. Lindman (1856–1928), taken from his book(s) Bilder ur Nordens Flora (first edition published 1901–1905, supplemented edition 1917–1926?).
  2. ^ a b USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Brachypodium pinnatum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  3. ^ Nickel, H. (2003). The Leafhoppers and Planthoppers of Germany (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha): Patterns and Strategies in a Highly Diverse Group of Phytophagous Insects. Sofia, Moscow: Pensoft and Keltern: Goecke & Evers.

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Brachypodium pinnatum: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Brachypodium pinnatum, the heath false brome or tor-grass, is a species of grass with a widespread distribution in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It typically grows in calcareous grassland, and reaches 70–120 centimetres (28–47 in) tall. The flowerhead is open, with 10 to 15 erect spikelets.

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