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Nigritella widderi Teppner& Klein, syn.: Nigritella rubra ssp. widderi (Teppner & Klein) Baumann & Lorenz, Gymnadenia widderi (Teppner & Klein) Teppner & KleinWidder's Nigritella, DE: Widders Mnnertreu, Widders KohlrschenSlo.: Widderjeva murkaDat.: July 2. 2011Lat.: 46.33819 Long.: 13.82839Code: Bot_530/2011_DSC8217Picture file names: from Nigritella-widderi_raw_1 to Nigritella-widderi_raw_9. Habitat: alpine grassland, calcareous ground; open place, full sun, exposed to direct rain, altitude 1.940 m (6.350 feet), average precipitations about 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lazovki preval pass, below Mt. Debeli vrh, close to the trail from Planina Laz to Lazovki preval pass, East Julian Alps, Gorenjska, Slovenia EC. Comment: Nigritella widderi was recognized as a new taxon in calcareous Northeast Alps in Austria about thirty years ago in 1985. In Slovenia it was first found in Julian Alps south of Mt. Triglav, 2.863 m in 2011 (Ref.: 6) . Up to now a few other stands have been found. All of them are in Julian Alps. To distinguish it from other red blooming Nigritella species is not always simple. The important typical traits are pink flowers at the bottom of the inflorescence, which are paler than the purple-red ones on the top of it. Also dark purple-red bracts, which can be seen among the flowers, are significant. The inflorescence is rather short and never distinctly cylindrical. There are also tiny morphological differences in rostellum, but it is almost impossible to observe them in the field without experience and a good hand lens. In addition, one has to pick the flowers to make such observations, which is prohibited, because the species is protected.Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Ref.:(1) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R. Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 138.(2) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 188.(3) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 125.(4) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 1116.(5) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1044.(6) I. Dakskobler, B. Dolinar, B. Zupan, R. Iskra, P. Strgar, A. Trnkoczy, Nigritella widderi Tepner and E.Klein, a new species in the flora of Slovenia, Folia biologica et geologica, Academia Scientiarum et Artum Slovenica, 53/1-2 (2012), p 25.(7) W. Foelsche, Nigritella bicolor, ein neues apomiktisches Kohlrschen der Alpen, des Dinarischen Gebirges und der Karpaten. Journal Europischer Orchideen(2010), 42 (1), pp 31 82.(8) G. Perazza, R. Lorenz, Le orchidee dell' Italia nord orientale, atlante corologico e guida al riconoscimento, CIV pubblicazione del Museo Civico di Rovereto, Edizioni Osiride, Rovereto (2013).
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Gymnadenia odoratissima (L.) Rich., syn.: Orchis odoratissima L.Sweetest Orchid, DE: Wohlriechende Hndelwurtz, Wohlriechende NacktdrseSlo.: diei kukovinikDat.: June 18. 2015Lat.: 46.37135 Long.: 13.73363Code: Bot_888/2015_DSC_7281Habitat: Riparian, calcareous, sandy ground, river deposits, flat terrain; in grass among river shore bushes (dominant Salix eleagnos, Picea abies), shallow ground water, half shade; partly protected from direct rain by bush canopies, elevation 570 m (1.850 feet), average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy river bank soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, left bank of river Soa, just downstream from the bridge to Maslc farmhouse, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Gymnadenia odoratissima is a tender, medium sized orchid growing widespread in all parts of the Alps and other European mountains. In Slovenia it is more frequent in its northwest part, but it is nowhere a common plant.The plant is quite similar to smaller specimens of much more common Gymnadenia conopsea ssp. conopsea. Superficially seen, habitus, habitat, as well as shape and color of flowers of both species do not differ much. Literature usually states that strong, pleasant smell of Gymnadenia odoratissima (notice Latin species name) most easily distinguishes it from Gymnadenia conopsea ssp. conopsea. However, to my experience, many times also Gymnadenia conopsea smells quite distinctly and pleasantly. Also the size of the flowers, which is generally smaller with Gymnadenia odoratissima, is not always a reliable distinguishing trait. One can find also small plants (usually growing on nutrients poor ground) of Gymnadenia conopsea with very small flowers of the similar size as of Gymnadenia odoratissima. The most reliable distinguishing trait between both species seems to be the shape of spur. Flowers of Gymnadenia conopsea have very, very long, thin, distinctly downwards curved spur, which is always much longer than ovary, while Gymnadenia odoratissima has much shorter, thicker (relatively to flower size), more or less straight spur, which is of about the same length as ovary or slightly shorter.Seven plants were found along about a length of 15 m of river bank, one of them was completely white (see picture 14.). The color of Gymnadenia odoratissima varies significantly from very pale to intensive pink. White plants are rare.Protected according to 'Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah'Url. RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protection of wild growing plants, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, No.:46/2004). Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1041.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 772. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 1112.(4) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchids in Slovenia), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 91.(5) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzender Lander, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 152.
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Kranjska Gora, Jesenice, Slovenija
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Nigritella rhellicani Teppner & Klein, syn.: Gymnadenia rhellicani (Teppner & Klein) Teppner, Nigritella nigra ssp. rhellicani (Teppner & Klein) Baumann, Kunkele & LorenzRhellicani's Vanilla Orchid, DE: Schwarzes KhlroschenSlo.: Rhellicanova murkaDat.: July 4. 2016Lat.: 46.21314 Long.: 13.54701Code: Bot_983/2016_IMG0748Habitat: mountain grassland, moderately steep mountain slope, northeast aspect; on the border of limestone and flysh bedrock; full sun, moist place; elevation 1.400 m (4.600 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, pre-alpine phytogeographical region. Place: Next to the trail from village Livek to the top of Mt. Matajur, west of Planina Matajur, Julian Pre-Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Nigritella rhellicani Teppner & Klein was separated from Nigritella nigra s.lat. only in 1991. In the Slovenian atlas Ref.3 (2000) most of our finds are still named as Nigritella nigra s.lat. At the time of publication Nigritella rhellicani was recognized only in two UTM squares. Similar situation applies for the Italian side of Julian Pre-Alps (Ref.4 -2002)). The stands on Mt. Matajur are not included in our atlas neither as Nigritella rhellicani nor as Nigritella nigra. Presently botanists claim that Nigritella nigra s.lat. consists of Nigritella nigra s.str., which grows only far north in Scandinavia and Nigritella rhellicani growing in our regions. Nigritella nigra s.str. is not included in Aeschimann et al, Flora Alpina (Ref.5.- 2004). However, Ref.1. (2005) (the best key I know) still states presence of Nigritella nigra (ssp. austriaca) (= Nigritella austriaca (Teppner & Klein) Delforge) for south Austria, which is next to the Julian Alps in Slovenia. Anyway, Nigritella rhellicani Teppner & Klein is marked in this reference as a critical species for determination. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Pravilnik o uvrstitvi ogroenih rastlinskih in ivalskih vrst v rdei seznam, Uradni list RS, t. 82/2002 (Regulation of enlisting of endangered plant and animal species onto Red List, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 82/2002) (2002). Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1043.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 773. (3) N. Jogan (ed.), Gradivo za Atlas flore Slovenije (Materials for the Atlas of Flora of Slovenia), CKSF (2001), p xx(4) L. Poldini, Nuovo Atlante corologico delle piante vascolari nel Friuli Venezia Giulia, University of Trieste (2002), p xx.(5) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1,2., Haupt (2004), p 1114.
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Nigritella miniata (Crantz) Janch., syn.: Gymnadenia miniata (Krantz) Hayek, Gymnadenia rubra Wettst., Nigritella rubra (Wettst.) Richt., Nigritella nigra ssp. rubra (Wettst.) Beauverd, Nigritella bicolor FoelscheRed Vanilla Orchid, DE: Rotes KohlrschenSlo.: rdea murkaDat.: July 8. 2011Lat.: 46.33803 Long.: 13.82775 Elevation 1.950 m 6.400 feet.Code: Bot_532/2011_DSC8469Habitat: alpine grassland, calcareous ground; open place, full sun, exposed to direct rain, elevation from 1.890 m (6.200 feet) to 1.950 m (6.400 feet), average precipitations about 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lazovki preval pass, below Mt. Debeli vrh, close to the trail from Planina Laz to Lazovki preval pass, East Julian Alps, Gorenjska, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lazovki preval pass and Ogradi Mountains are full of these beautiful, wild and nicely smelling high mountain orchids. Apart of numerous Nigritella miniata one can find also even more abundant Nigritella rhellicani and Nigritella widderi and may be some other Nigritella species too, which depends on how one treats taxonomy of these jewels. All of them a generally considered as rare plants. Taxonomy is still far from being settled and agreed upon among specialists. Variability of traits is large and small, often inconsistent morphological differences are decisive or are supposed to be decisive. Even genus Nigritella itself is questionable today based on interpretation of DNA evidence. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004). Also enclosed in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "R" representing a rare species.Ref.:(1) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 136.(2) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 119.(3) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 184.(4) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1044.(5) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 773.
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Nigritella bicolor, W. Foelsche Zweifarbiges KohlrschenSlo.: dvobarvna murka (? the name is not yet officially defined) Dat.: Jul. 08. 2012Lat.: (46.4000) Long.: (13.6000)Code: Bot_637/2012_DSC4375 Habitat: High mountain pasture, moderately inclined, slightly south west oriented, slope, calcareous ground, full sun, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 1-3 deg C, elevation 2.000 m (6.550 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Mt. Mangart region, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: The species is new to Slovenia. It was recognized as a new species in 2010 by W. Foelsche (see ref.:1.). Growing in a small group of six plants only. No more have been found yet. Geographic coordinates given are only approximate. Protected according to 'Uredba o zavarovanih prosto iveih rastlinskih vrstah'Ur.l. RS, t. 46/2004 (in the group of all Orchidaceae). Also enclosed in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species (as all Orchidaceae).Ref.:(1) W. Foelsche, Nigritella bicolor, ein neues apomiktisches Kohlrschen der Alpen, des Dinarischen Gebirges und der Karpaten. Journal Europischer Orchideen (2010), 42 (1), pp 31 82.(2) W. Foelsche,: Die Fundstellen von Nigritella bicolor. Anhang zu: Foelsche,W. (2010): Nigritella bicolor, ein neues apomiktisches Kohlrschen der Alpen, des Dinarischen Gebirges und der Karpaten. Journal Europischer Orchideen (2010), 42 (1, Supplement), pp 141.Micro 105mm/f2.8
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xGymnigritella suaveolens Wettstein, syn.: Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) Brown x Nigritella rhellicani Teppner et KleinFamily: OrchidaceaeEN: no name found, Hybrid between Fragrant and Vanillia Orchid, DE: Hybride zwischen Mcken-Hndelwurz und Schwarzem KohlrschenSlo.: krianec med navadnim kukovinikom in Rhelicanijevo murkoDat.: July 11. 2019Lat.: 46.32864 Long.: 13.47670 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1226/2019_DSC08524Habitat: Alpine grassland, moderately inclined mountain slope, south aspect; calcareous, skeletal ground; relatively warm, dry, sunny, open place; elevation 1.600 m (5.250 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-3 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Mt. Kanin mountain group; next to the trail from Planina Gozdec to Planina Baban, north of Boka waterfall, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: (relates to the album xGymnigritella suaveolens): xGymnigritella suaveolens is an intergeneric hybrid resulting from pollination between two plants of different genera - in this case Gymnadenia and Nigritella. In this particular case, this statement is somewhat ambiguous because many botanists consider (or have considered) both genera a single one. They merged the genus Nigritella into the genus Gymnadenia. However, a consensus about this has not been reached yet. Intergeneric hybrids are less common than interspecies hybrids (two different species from the same genus mate). In spite of this xGymnigritella suaveolens are relatively quite common plants. They have easy to spot conspicuous habitus and flowers have saturated color. The plants clearly show intermediate traits of both parents. One of them, easy to observe, is the resupination of the flowers (twisting of the flower stalks through about 180 so they are actually 'upside-down' positioned when they open; therefore, the lip of the most Orchidaceae is pointing downwards), Gymnadenia conopsea has resupinate flowers while those of Nigritella rhellicani are not. Consequently, the hybrid has flowers only partly resupinate to various degree. This can be clearly seen from my pictures. The inflorescence looks in some way chaotic, flowers in the inflorescence are not oriented orderly as with the parents of the hybrid. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Ref.(1) Personal communication (Leg. & Det.) with Mr. Branko Dolinar,
www.orhideje.si(2)
docplayer.org/79014904-Die-gattung-nigritella-rich.html (accessed Oct.14. 2020)(3)
grabner-orchideen.com/is_hybrids/hyb_gy_co_gy_rh.htm (accessed Oct.14. 2020)(4) Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 272.(5) N. Griebl, Intergenerische Hybriden in den Alpen, Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. (2008), 25 (1): 254 - 280
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Gymnadenia conopsea occurring in the subalpine region of southern Bavaria.
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Horns Kungsgård, Öland, Sverige
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Nigritella widderi Teppner& Klein, syn.: Nigritella rubra ssp. widderi (Teppner & Klein) Baumann & Lorenz, Gymnadenia widderi (Teppner & Klein) Teppner & KleinWidder's Nigritella, DE: Widders Mnnertreu, Widders KohlrschenSlo.: Widderjeva murkaDat.: July 2. 2011Lat.: 46.33819 Long.: 13.82839Code: Bot_530/2011_DSC8217Picture file names: from Nigritella-widderi_raw_1 to Nigritella-widderi_raw_9. Habitat: alpine grassland, calcareous ground; open place, full sun, exposed to direct rain, altitude 1.940 m (6.350 feet), average precipitations about 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lazovki preval pass, below Mt. Debeli vrh, close to the trail from Planina Laz to Lazovki preval pass, East Julian Alps, Gorenjska, Slovenia EC. Comment: Nigritella widderi was recognized as a new taxon in calcareous Northeast Alps in Austria about thirty years ago in 1985. In Slovenia it was first found in Julian Alps south of Mt. Triglav, 2.863 m in 2011 (Ref.: 6) . Up to now a few other stands have been found. All of them are in Julian Alps. To distinguish it from other red blooming Nigritella species is not always simple. The important typical traits are pink flowers at the bottom of the inflorescence, which are paler than the purple-red ones on the top of it. Also dark purple-red bracts, which can be seen among the flowers, are significant. The inflorescence is rather short and never distinctly cylindrical. There are also tiny morphological differences in rostellum, but it is almost impossible to observe them in the field without experience and a good hand lens. In addition, one has to pick the flowers to make such observations, which is prohibited, because the species is protected.Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Ref.:(1) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R. Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 138.(2) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 188.(3) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 125.(4) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 1116.(5) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1044.(6) I. Dakskobler, B. Dolinar, B. Zupan, R. Iskra, P. Strgar, A. Trnkoczy, Nigritella widderi Tepner and E.Klein, a new species in the flora of Slovenia, Folia biologica et geologica, Academia Scientiarum et Artum Slovenica, 53/1-2 (2012), p 25.(7) W. Foelsche, Nigritella bicolor, ein neues apomiktisches Kohlrschen der Alpen, des Dinarischen Gebirges und der Karpaten. Journal Europischer Orchideen(2010), 42 (1), pp 31 82.(8) G. Perazza, R. Lorenz, Le orchidee dell' Italia nord orientale, atlante corologico e guida al riconoscimento, CIV pubblicazione del Museo Civico di Rovereto, Edizioni Osiride, Rovereto (2013).
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Gymnadenia odoratissima (L.) Rich., syn.: Orchis odoratissima L.Sweetest Orchid, DE: Wohlriechende Hndelwurtz, Wohlriechende NacktdrseSlo.: diei kukovinikDat.: June 18. 2015Lat.: 46.37093 Long.: 13.73129Code: Bot_888/2015_DSC_7330Habitat: Riparian unmaintained grassland, calcareous ground, old river deposits, flat terrain; shallow ground water level, full sun; exposed to direct rain, elevation 570 m (1.850 feet), average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa, downstream of village Trenta, the most southwestern part of the grassland northwest of the main road Bovec -Vri pass and river Soa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Gymnadenia odoratissima is a tender, medium sized orchid growing widespread in all parts of the Alps and other European mountains. In Slovenia it is more frequent in its northwest part, but it is nowhere a common plant.The plant is quite similar to smaller specimens of much more common Gymnadenia conopsea ssp. conopsea. Superficially seen, habitus, habitat, as well as shape and color of flowers of both species do not differ much. Literature usually states that strong, pleasant smell of Gymnadenia odoratissima (notice Latin species name) most easily distinguishes it from Gymnadenia conopsea ssp. conopsea. However, to my experience, many times also Gymnadenia conopsea smells quite distinctly and pleasantly. Also the size of the flowers, which is generally smaller with Gymnadenia odoratissima, is not always a reliable distinguishing trait. One can find also small plants (usually growing on nutrients poor ground) of Gymnadenia conopsea with very small flowers of the similar size as of Gymnadenia odoratissima. The most reliable distinguishing trait between both species seems to be the shape of spur. Flowers of Gymnadenia conopsea have very, very long, thin, distinctly downwards curved spur, which is always much longer than ovary, while Gymnadenia odoratissima has much shorter, thicker (relatively to flower size), more or less straight spur, which is of about the same length as ovary or slightly shorter. More than ten plants were found on this piece of grassland.Protected according to 'Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah'Url. RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protection of wild growing plants, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, No.:46/2004). Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1041.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 772. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 1112.(4) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchids in Slovenia), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 91.(5) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzender Lander, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 152.
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10/06/2005 near Murnau/Germany
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Nigritella rhellicani Teppner & Klein, syn.: Gymnadenia rhellicani (Teppner & Klein) Teppner, Nigritella nigra ssp. rhellicani (Teppner & Klein) Baumann, Kunkele & LorenzRhellicani's Vanilla Orchid, DE: Schwarzes KhlroschenSlo.: Rhellicanova murkaDat.: July 4. 2016Lat.: 46.21229 Long.: 13.53009Code: Bot_983/2016_IMG0837Habitat: mountain grassland, almost flat terrain; calcareous ground, full sun; elevation 1.625 m (5.330 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 1-3 deg C, pre-alpine phytogeographical region. Place: 50 to 100 m east of the chapel on top of Mt. Matajur; Julian Pre-Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Nigritella rhellicani Teppner & Klein was separated from Nigritella nigra s.lat. only in 1991. In the Slovenian atlas Ref.3 (2000) most of our finds are still named as Nigritella nigra s.lat. At the time of publication Nigritella rhellicani was recognized only in two UTM squares. Similar situation applies for the Italian side of Julian Pre-Alps (Ref.4 -2002)). The stands on Mt. Matajur are not included in our atlas neither as Nigritella rhellicani nor as Nigritella nigra. Presently botanists claim that Nigritella nigra s.lat. consists of Nigritella nigra s.str., which grows only far north in Scandinavia and Nigritella rhellicani growing in our regions. Nigritella nigra s.str. is not included in Aeschimann et al, Flora Alpina (Ref.5.- 2004). However, Ref.1. (2005) (the best key I know) still states presence of Nigritella nigra (ssp. austriaca) (= Nigritella austriaca (Teppner & Klein) Delforge) for south Austria, which is next to the Julian Alps in Slovenia. Anyway, Nigritella rhellicani Teppner & Klein is marked in this reference as a critical species for determination. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Pravilnik o uvrstitvi ogroenih rastlinskih in ivalskih vrst v rdei seznam, Uradni list RS, t. 82/2002 (Regulation of enlisting of endangered plant and animal species onto Red List, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 82/2002) (2002). Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1043.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 773. (3) N. Jogan (ed.), Gradivo za Atlas flore Slovenije (Materials for the Atlas of Flora of Slovenia), CKSF (2001), p xx(4) L. Poldini, Nuovo Atlante corologico delle piante vascolari nel Friuli Venezia Giulia, University of Trieste (2002), p xx.(5) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1,2., Haupt (2004), p 1114.
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Nigritella miniata (Crantz) Janch., syn.: Gymnadenia miniata (Krantz) Hayek, Gymnadenia rubra Wettst., Nigritella rubra (Wettst.) Richt., Nigritella nigra ssp. rubra (Wettst.) Beauverd, Nigritella bicolor FoelscheRed Vanilla Orchid, DE: Rotes KohlrschenSlo.: rdea murkaDat.: July 8. 2011Lat.: 46.33803 Long.: 13.82775 Elevation 1.950 m 6.400 feet.Code: Bot_532/2011_DSC8469Habitat: alpine grassland, calcareous ground; open place, full sun, exposed to direct rain, elevation from 1.890 m (6.200 feet) to 1.950 m (6.400 feet), average precipitations about 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lazovki preval pass, below Mt. Debeli vrh, close to the trail from Planina Laz to Lazovki preval pass, East Julian Alps, Gorenjska, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lazovki preval pass and Ogradi Mountains are full of these beautiful, wild and nicely smelling high mountain orchids. Apart of numerous Nigritella miniata one can find also even more abundant Nigritella rhellicani and Nigritella widderi and may be some other Nigritella species too, which depends on how one treats taxonomy of these jewels. All of them a generally considered as rare plants. Taxonomy is still far from being settled and agreed upon among specialists. Variability of traits is large and small, often inconsistent morphological differences are decisive or are supposed to be decisive. Even genus Nigritella itself is questionable today based on interpretation of DNA evidence. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004). Also enclosed in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "R" representing a rare species.Ref.:(1) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 136.(2) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 119.(3) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 184.(4) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1044.(5) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 773.
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NOTE: Based on a message received from orchid specialist Mr. Wolfram Foelsche my initial determination of the species shown on the pictures of this observation (namely Nigritella widderi Teppner & E. Klein) is wrong. Nigritella widderi doesn't grow on Mangart's flats. According to him the pictures show Nigritella bicolor W. Foelsche. Some orchid experts consider the name Nigritella bicolor W. Foelsche synonymous with Nigritella miniata (Crantz) Janch..___________________________________________________Nigritella widderi Teppner & Klein, syn.: Nigritella rubra ssp. widderi (Teppner & Klein) Baumann & Lorenz, Gymnadenia widderi (Teppner & Klein) Teppner & KleinWidder's Nigritella, DE: Widders Mnnertreu, Widders KohlrschenSlo.: Widderjeva murkaDat.: July 1. 2015Lat.: 46.44280 Long.: 13.63677Code: Bot_897/2015_IMG8899Habitat: steep grassland, southeast oriented slope, on colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground, open place, full sun, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature about 0 deg C, elevation 2.075 m (6.800 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Mt. Mangart region, grass covered slopes of the ridge between ez jezik pass, 2.055 m and Sedelce pass, 2.031 m, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Nigritella widderi was first described as a new taxon thirty years ago in 1985 in calcareous Northeast Alps in Austria. In Slovenia it was first found in Julian Alps south of Mt. Triglav, 2.863 m in 2011 (Ref.: ) . Up to now a few other stands have been found. To distinguish it from other red blooming Nigritella species is not always simple. The important typical traits are purple pink flowers at the bottom of the inflorescence, which are paler than the red ones on the top. The inflorescence looks like having two colors. Also dark purple red bracts, which can be seen among the flowers, are significant. The inflorescence is rather short and never distinctly cylindrical. There are also tiny morphological differences in rostellum, but it is almost impossible to observe them in the field and without a good hand lens or a microscope. In addition, one has to pick the flowers to make observations, which is prohibited, because the species is protected.In 2007 and 2012 I found several of these nice plants at the same place of Mangart's flats as in this case. At that time I determined them as Nigritella rubra. Namely, the taxonomy of genus Nigritella in Slovenia was very simple some time ago. We knew only three species: Nigritella rubra (plants with red flowers), Nigritella nigra (plants with dark red to almost black flowers) and endemic Nigritella rhellicani (with more or less pink flowers), which grows only in Kamnik Alps. Later Dr. W. Foelsche (Ref.:7) recognized my find on Mangart's flats published on the net as an example of a newly defined (in 2010) species Nigritella bicolor. However, the taxon has not been fully recognized and today most authors consider Nigritella bicolor Foelsche as a synonym of Nigritella miniata (Crantz) Janch. (Ref.: 3, Ref.: 8). Anyway, the latest Slovenian literature (Ref.3) lists six species and subspecies of genus Nigritella for my country. Five are of some shade of red. Distinguishing between them with certainty is difficult and, frankly, a too hard a nut for me.Two plants in bloom has been found at this place in 2015.Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Ref.:(1) H.Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 138.(2) H.Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 188.(3) B.Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 125.(4) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 1116.(5) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1044.(6) I. Dakskobler, B. Dolinar, B. Zupan, R. Iskra, P. Strgar, A. Trnkoczy, Nigritella widderi Tepner and E.Klein, a new species in the flora of Slovenia, Folia biologica et geologica, Academia Scientiarum et Artum Slovenica, 53/1-2 (2012), p 25. (7) W. Foelsche, Nigritella bicolor, ein neues apomiktisches Kohlrschen der Alpen, des Dinarischen Gebirges und der Karpaten. Journal Europischer Orchideen (2010), 42 (1), pp 31 82.(8) G. Perazza, R. Lorenz, Le orchidee dell'Italia nordorientale, atlante corologico e guida al riconoscimento, CIV pubblicazione del Museo Civico di Rovereto, Edizioni Osiride, Rovereto (2013).
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xGymnigritella suaveolens Wettstein, syn.: Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) Brown x Nigritella rhellicani Teppner et KleinFamily: OrchidaceaeEN: no name found, Hybrid between Fragrant and Vanillia Orchid, DE: Hybride zwischen Mcken-Hndelwurz und Schwarzem KohlrschenSlo.: krianec med navadnim kukovinikom in Rhelicanijevo murkoDat.: July 11. 2019Lat.: 46.32864 Long.: 13.47670 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1226/2019_DSC08524Habitat: Alpine grassland, moderately inclined mountain slope, south aspect; calcareous, skeletal ground; relatively warm, dry, sunny, open place; elevation 1.600 m (5.250 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-3 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Mt. Kanin mountain group; next to the trail from Planina Gozdec to Planina Baban, north of Boka waterfall, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: (relates to the album xGymnigritella suaveolens): xGymnigritella suaveolens is an intergeneric hybrid resulting from pollination between two plants of different genera - in this case Gymnadenia and Nigritella. In this particular case, this statement is somewhat ambiguous because many botanists consider (or have considered) both genera a single one. They merged the genus Nigritella into the genus Gymnadenia. However, a consensus about this has not been reached yet. Intergeneric hybrids are less common than interspecies hybrids (two different species from the same genus mate). In spite of this xGymnigritella suaveolens are relatively quite common plants. They have easy to spot conspicuous habitus and flowers have saturated color. The plants clearly show intermediate traits of both parents. One of them, easy to observe, is the resupination of the flowers (twisting of the flower stalks through about 180 so they are actually 'upside-down' positioned when they open; therefore, the lip of the most Orchidaceae is pointing downwards), Gymnadenia conopsea has resupinate flowers while those of Nigritella rhellicani are not. Consequently, the hybrid has flowers only partly resupinate to various degree. This can be clearly seen from my pictures. The inflorescence looks in some way chaotic, flowers in the inflorescence are not oriented orderly as with the parents of the hybrid. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Ref.(1) Personal communication (Leg. & Det.) with Mr. Branko Dolinar,
www.orhideje.si(2)
docplayer.org/79014904-Die-gattung-nigritella-rich.html (accessed Oct.14. 2020)(3)
grabner-orchideen.com/is_hybrids/hyb_gy_co_gy_rh.htm (accessed Oct.14. 2020)(4) Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 272.(5) N. Griebl, Intergenerische Hybriden in den Alpen, Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. (2008), 25 (1): 254 - 280
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Horns Kungsgård, Öland, Sverige
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Nigritella widderi Teppner& Klein, syn.: Nigritella rubra ssp. widderi (Teppner & Klein) Baumann & Lorenz, Gymnadenia widderi (Teppner & Klein) Teppner & KleinWidder's Nigritella, DE: Widders Mnnertreu, Widders KohlrschenSlo.: Widderjeva murkaDat.: July 8. 2011Lat.: 46.33819 Long.: 13.82839Code: Bot_532/2011_DSC8406Picture file names: from Nigritella-widderi_raw_10 to Nigritella-widderi_raw_14.Habitat: alpine grassland, calcareous ground; open place, full sun, exposed to direct rain, altitude 1.940 m (6.350 feet), average precipitations about 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lazovki preval pass, below Mt. Debeli vrh, close to the trail from Planina Laz to Lazovki preval pass, East Julian Alps, Gorenjska, Slovenia EC. Comment: Nigritella widderi was recognized as a new taxon in calcareous Northeast Alps in Austria about thirty years ago in 1985. In Slovenia it was first found in Julian Alps south of Mt. Triglav, 2.863 m in 2011 (Ref.: 6) . Up to now a few other stands have been found. All of them are in Julian Alps. To distinguish it from other red blooming Nigritella species is not always simple. The important typical traits are pink flowers at the bottom of the inflorescence, which are paler than the purple-red ones on the top of it. Also dark purple-red bracts, which can be seen among the flowers, are significant. The inflorescence is rather short and never distinctly cylindrical. There are also tiny morphological differences in rostellum, but it is almost impossible to observe them in the field without experience and a good hand lens. In addition, one has to pick the flowers to make such observations, which is prohibited, because the species is protected.Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Ref.:(1) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R. Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 138.(2) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 188.(3) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 125.(4) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 1116.(5) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1044.(6) I. Dakskobler, B. Dolinar, B. Zupan, R. Iskra, P. Strgar, A. Trnkoczy, Nigritella widderi Tepner and E.Klein, a new species in the flora of Slovenia, Folia biologica et geologica, Academia Scientiarum et Artum Slovenica, 53/1-2 (2012), p 25.(7) W. Foelsche, Nigritella bicolor, ein neues apomiktisches Kohlrschen der Alpen, des Dinarischen Gebirges und der Karpaten. Journal Europischer Orchideen(2010), 42 (1), pp 31 82.(8) G. Perazza, R. Lorenz, Le orchidee dell' Italia nord orientale, atlante corologico e guida al riconoscimento, CIV pubblicazione del Museo Civico di Rovereto, Edizioni Osiride, Rovereto (2013).
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Gymnadenia odoratissima (L.) Rich., syn.: Orchis odoratissima L.Sweetest Orchid, DE: Wohlriechende Hndelwurtz, Wohlriechende NacktdrseSlo.: diei kukovinikDat.: June 18. 2015Lat.: 46.37135 Long.: 13.73363Code: Bot_888/2015_DSC_7281Habitat: Riparian, calcareous, sandy ground, river deposits, flat terrain; in grass among river shore bushes (dominant Salix eleagnos, Picea abies), shallow ground water, half shade; partly protected from direct rain by bush canopies, elevation 570 m (1.850 feet), average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy river bank soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, left bank of river Soa, just downstream from the bridge to Maslc farmhouse, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Gymnadenia odoratissima is a tender, medium sized orchid growing widespread in all parts of the Alps and other European mountains. In Slovenia it is more frequent in its northwest part, but it is nowhere a common plant.The plant is quite similar to smaller specimens of much more common Gymnadenia conopsea ssp. conopsea. Superficially seen, habitus, habitat, as well as shape and color of flowers of both species do not differ much. Literature usually states that strong, pleasant smell of Gymnadenia odoratissima (notice Latin species name) most easily distinguishes it from Gymnadenia conopsea ssp. conopsea. However, to my experience, many times also Gymnadenia conopsea smells quite distinctly and pleasantly. Also the size of the flowers, which is generally smaller with Gymnadenia odoratissima, is not always a reliable distinguishing trait. One can find also small plants (usually growing on nutrients poor ground) of Gymnadenia conopsea with very small flowers of the similar size as of Gymnadenia odoratissima. The most reliable distinguishing trait between both species seems to be the shape of spur. Flowers of Gymnadenia conopsea have very, very long, thin, distinctly downwards curved spur, which is always much longer than ovary, while Gymnadenia odoratissima has much shorter, thicker (relatively to flower size), more or less straight spur, which is of about the same length as ovary or slightly shorter.Seven plants were found along about a length of 15 m of river bank, one of them was completely white (see picture 14.). The color of Gymnadenia odoratissima varies significantly from very pale to intensive pink. White plants are rare.Protected according to 'Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah'Url. RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protection of wild growing plants, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, No.:46/2004). Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1041.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 772. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 1112.(4) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchids in Slovenia), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 91.(5) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzender Lander, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 152.
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Nigritella rhellicani Teppner & Klein, syn.: Gymnadenia rhellicani (Teppner & Klein) Teppner, Nigritella nigra ssp. rhellicani (Teppner & Klein) Baumann, Kunkele & LorenzRhellicani's Vanilla Orchid, DE: Schwarzes KhlroschenSlo.: Rhellicanova murkaDat.: July 4. 2016Lat.: 46.21314 Long.: 13.54701Code: Bot_983/2016_IMG0748Habitat: mountain grassland, moderately steep mountain slope, northeast aspect; on the border of limestone and flysh bedrock; full sun, moist place; elevation 1.400 m (4.600 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, pre-alpine phytogeographical region. Place: Next to the trail from village Livek to the top of Mt. Matajur, west of Planina Matajur, Julian Pre-Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Nigritella rhellicani Teppner & Klein was separated from Nigritella nigra s.lat. only in 1991. In the Slovenian atlas Ref.3 (2000) most of our finds are still named as Nigritella nigra s.lat. At the time of publication Nigritella rhellicani was recognized only in two UTM squares. Similar situation applies for the Italian side of Julian Pre-Alps (Ref.4 -2002)). The stands on Mt. Matajur are not included in our atlas neither as Nigritella rhellicani nor as Nigritella nigra. Presently botanists claim that Nigritella nigra s.lat. consists of Nigritella nigra s.str., which grows only far north in Scandinavia and Nigritella rhellicani growing in our regions. Nigritella nigra s.str. is not included in Aeschimann et al, Flora Alpina (Ref.5.- 2004). However, Ref.1. (2005) (the best key I know) still states presence of Nigritella nigra (ssp. austriaca) (= Nigritella austriaca (Teppner & Klein) Delforge) for south Austria, which is next to the Julian Alps in Slovenia. Anyway, Nigritella rhellicani Teppner & Klein is marked in this reference as a critical species for determination. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Pravilnik o uvrstitvi ogroenih rastlinskih in ivalskih vrst v rdei seznam, Uradni list RS, t. 82/2002 (Regulation of enlisting of endangered plant and animal species onto Red List, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 82/2002) (2002). Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1043.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 773. (3) N. Jogan (ed.), Gradivo za Atlas flore Slovenije (Materials for the Atlas of Flora of Slovenia), CKSF (2001), p xx(4) L. Poldini, Nuovo Atlante corologico delle piante vascolari nel Friuli Venezia Giulia, University of Trieste (2002), p xx.(5) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1,2., Haupt (2004), p 1114.