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Diagnostic Description

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Diagnosed from its congeners in Europe by the following characters: anal fin with 16-21½ branched rays; back keeled behind dorsal base; in spawning season, males blackish brown with orange cheek and sometimes belly (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 19 soft rays. Scalar formula: 49-64, 6-10 (Ref. 40476).
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Frédéric Busson
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Life Cycle

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Produces 15,000-20,000 eggs at the age of 6-7 years (Ref. 12259). Spawns for several years. Semi-anadromous populations undertake long distance spawning migrations while lacustrine populations migrate to fast-flowing tributaries. In Dniepr and Kuban, migration starts in September, decreases in winter and resumes in March-May (Ref. 59043).
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Armi G. Torres
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Migration

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Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Rainer Froese
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Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 9; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 16 - 22
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Trophic Strategy

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Feeds on invertebrates and plants (Ref. 26100).
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Pascualita Sa-a
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Biology

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Inhabits brackish estuaries, large to medium rivers and some large subalpine lakes. Sedentary populations inhabit even in small rivers or barbel zone. Feeds mainly on small molluscs and insect larvae. Breeds in riffles in shallow, fast-flowing streams and rivers on gravel. Semi-anadromous populations forage in freshened parts of sea and migrate for long distances to spawn. Lacustrine populations move to fast-flowing tributaries. Spent adults return to foraging habitats (Ref. 59043). Threatened from its range due to water obstruction (Ref. 26100).
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Importance

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fisheries: minor commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes
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Vimba vimba

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Vimba vimba, called also the vimba bream,[2] vimba,[2] zanthe,[2] or zarte,[1] is a European fish species in the family Cyprinidae. It largely lives in the sea but makes an annual migration up-river each year to breed.

Description

The vimba bream was at one time classified as a bream as it also has a long anal fin, but has now been placed in a different genus. Its body is not as deep as that of the bream. It also resembles the asp but its mouth is small and behind the snout whereas the asp has a large mouth with the lower jaw protruding. This species grows to about 25 to 45 centimetres (9.8 to 17.7 in) with a weight of up to 2 kilograms (4.4 lb). The scales are small and there are about sixty of them along the lateral line. This fish is a deep bluish-green on the dorsal surface and silvery along the flanks. The eyes are yellow and the pectoral and pelvic fins have reddish-yellow bases. The colouring becomes more vivid in the breeding season and males may have the operculum, base of the fins and the belly turn orange.[3]

Distribution

Vimba vimba is distributed in fresh waters and in brackish estuaries of rivers draining to the Caspian Sea, Black Sea and Baltic Sea, and in the North Sea basin in the Elbe and Ems drainages. There are records from Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, North Macedonia, and Ukraine.

The vimba bream is a semi-anadromous fish, which migrates from brackish water to rivers for spawning. Permanently fresh-water populations exist as well. In the Baltic Sea the species is distributed up to 62°-63° N in Sweden and Finland.

Behaviour

Vimba breams move in small shoals along the sea coast, feeding on invertebrates which they pick from the seabed, and the eggs of other fish. They leave the sea in May or June, swimming upriver to spawn in fast-moving tributaries with stony or gravelly bases and little vegetation. The males prepares several areas of riverbed on which the females deposit batches of eggs.[3] In Lithuania, there is a festival each year along the shore of the Neman River to celebrate the arrival of the fish.

References

  1. ^ a b Freyhof, J.; Kottelat, M. (2008). "Vimba vimba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T22979A9404802. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T22979A9404802.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2006). "Vimba vimba" in FishBase. April 2006 version.
  3. ^ a b "Vimba: Vimba vimba". NatureGate. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
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Vimba vimba: Brief Summary

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Vimba vimba, called also the vimba bream, vimba, zanthe, or zarte, is a European fish species in the family Cyprinidae. It largely lives in the sea but makes an annual migration up-river each year to breed.

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