Cladonia portentosa (Dufour) Coem. (1865), syn.: Cladonia impexa Harm. (1907), Cladina portentosa (Dufour) Follmann, (1979)Reindeer lichenSlo.: ?Dat.: April 29. 2014Lat.: 46.36018 Long.: 13.69759Code: Bot_794/2014_DSC0673Habitat: at the foot of alow elevation scree slope, among small, retarded Picea abies and Fraxinus ornus trees, southeast inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground, quite open, dry and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 650 m (2.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: nutrients poor sandy soil of scree ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, above abandoned farm house 'Strgulc', East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This gray-green species of genus Cladonia, growing usually in 'broccoli-like pillows', is quite common locally. It can be found on dry, stony, deteriorating, long time ago abandoned pastures. Its main characteristics are rich, filigree branching and lack of tendency to one-sidedly oriented terminal branches with sharp apices (to the contrast to several other similar species where the branches' tips are more or lessoriented in the same direction). Growing was growing in several, mostly round patches in the vicinity. Round clumps measured up to 20 cm (8") in diameter and had about 5 cm (2") thicknesses. The largest 'continuous' mat found measured about 1 x 0.6 m (3 x 2 feet). Photographed species were in almost dry state. This determination seems quite probable but is not completely certain since no chemical tests have been made and several species with similar habitus exist.Ref.:(1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 142.(2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 319.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol. 1. Ulmer (1995), p 334.(4)
www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Cladonia_portentosa.html Nikon D700/Nikkor Micro 105mm/f2.8 and Canon G11, 6.1-30mm/f2.8-4.5
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australiaon bark of Melaleuca arcana in a swamp. Coll. K.Thiele, 1985 (CANB)Scale 5 mmThallus corticolous, foliose, ascending, attached by a well-delimited holdfast 25 mm wide, monophyllous, up to 25 mm wide, 0.5 mm thick laterally, to 1 mm thick at the fertile margins. Lobes solid, subrotund, cartilaginous when dry, flaccid when wet, discrete, ascending and often strongly recurved at the margins. Upper surface white, smooth at first, dull to slightly glossy, becoming ribbed, grooved and/or pitted with age, eperforate, lacking vegetative propagules, corticate in part, the cortex 1015 m thick, cartilaginous, of compacted, periclinal hyphae. Lower surface white to pale grey-white, ecorticate, of compacted medullary hyphae in a periclinal arrangement, occasionally indistinctly pitted, lacking anchoring hyphae, rhizines or haptera. Algae beneath the upper surface, forming a combined layer 4075 m thick; cells chlorococcoid, globose, 510 m wide, some rather thick-walled, mixed with long-celled hyphae 34 m wide. Medulla white, a loose network of branched and anastomosing, long-celled hyphae (4)57(8) m wide. Apothecia common, marginal or submarginal, biatorine, stipitate, subglobose, 0.30.6 mm diam.; stipe whitish, 0.31 mm high; disc yellow to yellow-brown, strongly convex to subglobose, glossy, epruinose; proper margin not apparent. Thalline and proper excipulum lacking. Hypothecium 5060 m thick, colourless, not inspersed with granules or oil globules; hyphae variously oriented, anastomosing, thick-walled, 23 m wide, the lumina c. 1 m thick. Hymenium 5075 m thick, colourless, not inspersed, IKI+ blue. Epihymenium 58 m thick, yellow to yellowbrown, decolorized in K, N. Paraphyses agglutinated in the hymenial gel, simple, 11.5 m wide; apical cells yellow or yellow-orange, scarcely swollen in water, (1.5)22.5(3) m wide. Asci clavate, 2125 1013 m, 8-spored but frequently with up to 4 spores aborted, approximating the Cladonia-type (Kantvilas & Elix 1999); apical dome well-developed, amyloid, with a darker-staining central tube with a very narrow, weakly amyloid central zone. Ascospores colourless, simple, narrowly ellipsoid, 59 (2)2.53 m [n = 50]; spore wall smooth. Pycnidia not seen. Chemistry: Cortex K+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow, C, KC; P+ orange; containing atranorin (minor), protocetraric acid (major), convirensic acid (minor), conprotocetraric acid (minor), methyl protocetrarate (minor) by HPLC. Specimen too old for any meaningful, molecular analysis.
Cladonia phyllophora Hoffm., syn.: Cladonia alcicornis var. phyllophora (Hoffm.) Malbr., Cladonia cervicornis f. phyllophora (Hoffm.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth., Cladonia degenerans (Flrke) SprengFamily: CladoniaceaeEN: Felt cladonia, DE: Bebltterte BecherflechteSlo.: no name foundDat.: Sept. 18. 2008Lat.: 46.32403 Long.: 13.58408Code: Bot_0297/2008_DSC3510 Habitat: Steep mountain slope, northwest aspect; among large boulders of a recent, large sock slide; in half shade; on sandy, calcareous ground; moderately humid place; protected from direct rain by overhanging rock; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 750 m (2.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil/raw hummus, among large calcareous boulders.Place: Bovec basin, Northwest slopes of Mt. Javorek, 1557 m; toward the end of a dirt forest road, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment (relates to Flickr album Cladonia phyllophora): Browsing literature to determine the name of this find I've found only one or two candidates with podetia, which sometimes proliferate in more than two stores from cup margins. Cladonia rappii as well as Cladonia cervikornis/verticilata look similarly from far, but proliferate strictly from the center of the cups. Cladonia ramulosa may look similar too, but rarely (if at all) proliferates in more than two stores and is usually fertile with numerous conspicuous brown apothecia. None of several specimens found in this observation had podetia with apothecia. The best, although not ideal, fit I've found seems to be Cladonia phyllophora. All sources agree that this taxon is highly polymorphic (google the pictures of it!). The taxon is also very variously interpreted by the authors (Ref. 7.). The description in literature, which seems the closest to this find, is in Brodo, Sharnoff, Sharnoff (2001) (Ref. 2.) mentioning gradually broadening and seemingly soft near the apex podetia having a slightly puffed-up aspect and cup margins richly decorated by small and thick squamules (see Fig. 4.) and brown pycnidia /see Fig.7.). The description in Smith at al (2009) (Ref. 1.) fits reasonably well too, particularly the description of the habit stated as 'often extensive more or less interlocking tiers of proliferating podetia'. However, many sources mention that the surface of the podetia near the base should be areolate with contrasting blackened decorticated and maculated areas (Ref. 1., Ref. 8.) or blackish podetia base (Ref. 7.), which is not the case in this find. Also substratum is usually cited as acid. This find apparently grew on a mixture of sandy soil and raw hummus deposited in gaps among large rock boulders (a few meters across) of a relatively recent large mountain rock slide. It seems possible that it was at least to some extent acid, however, the bedrock and the boulders themselves are no doubt calcareous. I am not sure my determination is correct, but, I am also not aware of a better alternative.Ref.:(1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 333.(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 265.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 332.(4)
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