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Syn.: Cladonia bacillaris - Habitat: Light mixed wood with bushes, densely overgrown ground, settled alluvial calcareous river deposits, flat terrain, quite sunny, humid air, exposed to precipitations, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 360 m (1.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Pinus sp. stump, partly debarked. - Ref.: - V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer, Vol. 1.and 2.(1995), p330. - I. Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p259. - N. Hodgetts, Cladonia: a field guide, The Joint Nature Conservation Comm. Peterborough (1992), p20.
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Syn.: C. pyxidata ssp. chlorophaea Comment: Determination not certain. Generally, field characters of C. chlopolraea from literature fit well to pictures. However, habitus of the speciment shown shows narrower than usual cups and frequently inflated podetia stalks, which doesn't seem typical for C.Chlorophaea. Habitat: wood-side, mixed forest with dominant Fagus sylvatica, partly sunny, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 830 m (2.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of a partly rotten Fagus sylvativa stump and humus soil beneath it. Ref.: F.Dobson, Lichens, The Richmond Publ. (2005), p135. I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p247. N.Hodgetts, Cladonia: a field guide, The Joint Nature Cons.Comm. Peterborough (1992), p20.
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Habitat: Overgrown rocky base of scree slops, partly in shade, northwest oriented, humid air, fully exposed to precipitations, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 350 m (1.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: on mossy thin soil covered calcareous rocks Ch.: primary squamules and podetia K-, P- Description: Podetia 20 to 30 mm high, 0.8 to 1.8 mm in diameter, gradually thinner toward tips. Their surface uniformly and densely farinose or granular almost from the base to the tip (sorediate ?). At the base, up to 15-30% of their height, distinctly squamulous (sometimes up to the tip), at the base among squamules rarely areolate corticate. Most of the tips pointed with a brown red pyknidia., only rarely forming a small, often distorted, cup with 3 to 5 pyknidia, which have only slightly larger or the same diameter as podetia. Podetia grow from a cluster of larges primary squamules, not from a surface of a large squamule. Most of podetia +/- curved at tips, larger ones usually having one to three side branches (never dichotomously forked). Some podetia have a longitudinal crack in their surface.
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A common lichen of open moorland on Dartmoor.
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Shown with young leaves of Rumex scutatus. - Slo.: ? - Cladonia portentosa (Dufour) Coem. (1865), syn.: Cladonia impexa Harm. (1907), Cladina portentosa (Dufour) Follmann, (1979)- Habitat: at the foot of a low elevation scree slope, among small, retarded Picea abies and Fraxinus ornus trees, southeast inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground, quite open, dry and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 650 m (2.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: nutrients poor sandy soil of scree ground. - Comments: This gray-green species of genus Cladonia, growing usually in 'broccoli-like pillows', is quite common locally. It can be found on dry, stony, deteriorating, long time ago abandoned pastures. Its main characteristics are rich, filigree branching and lack of tendency to one-sidedly oriented terminal branches with sharp apices (to the contrast to several other similar species where the branches' tips are more or lessoriented in the same direction). Growing was growing in several, mostly round patches in the vicinity. Round clumps measured up to 20 cm (8') in diameter and had about 5 cm (2') thicknesses. The largest 'continuous' mat found measured about 1 x 0.6 m (3 x 2 feet). Photographed species were in almost dry state. This determination seems quite probable but is not completely certain since no chemical tests have been made and several species with similar habitus exist. - Ref.: (1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 142. (2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 319. (3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol. 1. Ulmer (1995), p 334. (4) http://www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Cladonia_portentosa.html
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Habitat: Mixed wood, mainly Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, humid place, in half-shade, exposed to direct rain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: rotten Picea abies stump, S oriented Ref.: Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembers, Ulmer, Vol.1. p322 Brodo, Sharnoff, Sharnof, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press, p247
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Slo.: kladonija
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Syn.: Cladonia bacillaris - Habitat: Light mixed wood with bushes, densely overgrown ground, settled alluvial calcareous river deposits, flat terrain, quite sunny, humid air, exposed to precipitations, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 360 m (1.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Pinus sp. stump, partly debarked. - Ref.: - V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer, Vol. 1.and 2.(1995), p330. - I. Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p259. - N. Hodgetts, Cladonia: a field guide, The Joint Nature Conservation Comm. Peterborough (1992), p20.
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Habitat: Overgrown rocky base of scree slops, partly in shade, northwest oriented, humid air, fully exposed to precipitations, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 350 m (1.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: on mossy thin soil covered calcareous rocks Ch.: primary squamules and podetia K-, P- Description: Podetia 20 to 30 mm high, 0.8 to 1.8 mm in diameter, gradually thinner toward tips. Their surface uniformly and densely farinose or granular almost from the base to the tip (sorediate ?). At the base, up to 15-30% of their height, distinctly squamulous (sometimes up to the tip), at the base among squamules rarely areolate corticate. Most of the tips pointed with a brown red pyknidia., only rarely forming a small, often distorted, cup with 3 to 5 pyknidia, which have only slightly larger or the same diameter as podetia. Podetia grow from a cluster of larges primary squamules, not from a surface of a large squamule. Most of podetia +/- curved at tips, larger ones usually having one to three side branches (never dichotomously forked). Some podetia have a longitudinal crack in their surface.
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A common lichen of open moorland on Dartmoor.
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Shown with young leaves of Rumex scutatus. - Slo.: ? - Cladonia portentosa (Dufour) Coem. (1865), syn.: Cladonia impexa Harm. (1907), Cladina portentosa (Dufour) Follmann, (1979)- Habitat: at the foot of a low elevation scree slope, among small, retarded Picea abies and Fraxinus ornus trees, southeast inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground, quite open, dry and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 650 m (2.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: nutrients poor sandy soil of scree ground. - Comments: This gray-green species of genus Cladonia, growing usually in 'broccoli-like pillows', is quite common locally. It can be found on dry, stony, deteriorating, long time ago abandoned pastures. Its main characteristics are rich, filigree branching and lack of tendency to one-sidedly oriented terminal branches with sharp apices (to the contrast to several other similar species where the branches' tips are more or lessoriented in the same direction). Growing was growing in several, mostly round patches in the vicinity. Round clumps measured up to 20 cm (8') in diameter and had about 5 cm (2') thicknesses. The largest 'continuous' mat found measured about 1 x 0.6 m (3 x 2 feet). Photographed species were in almost dry state. This determination seems quite probable but is not completely certain since no chemical tests have been made and several species with similar habitus exist. - Ref.: (1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 142. (2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 319. (3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol. 1. Ulmer (1995), p 334. (4) http://www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Cladonia_portentosa.html
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Habitat: Mixed wood, mainly Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, humid place, in half-shade, exposed to direct rain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: rotten Picea abies stump, S oriented Ref.: Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembers, Ulmer, Vol.1. p322 Brodo, Sharnoff, Sharnof, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press, p247
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moist state
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Syn.: Cladonia bacillaris - Habitat: Light mixed wood with bushes, densely overgrown ground, settled alluvial calcareous river deposits, flat terrain, quite sunny, humid air, exposed to precipitations, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 360 m (1.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Pinus sp. stump, partly debarked. - Ref.: - V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer, Vol. 1.and 2.(1995), p330. - I. Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p259. - N. Hodgetts, Cladonia: a field guide, The Joint Nature Conservation Comm. Peterborough (1992), p20.
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Shown with young leaves of Rumex scutatus. - Slo.: ? - Cladonia portentosa (Dufour) Coem. (1865), syn.: Cladonia impexa Harm. (1907), Cladina portentosa (Dufour) Follmann, (1979)- Habitat: at the foot of a low elevation scree slope, among small, retarded Picea abies and Fraxinus ornus trees, southeast inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground, quite open, dry and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 650 m (2.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: nutrients poor sandy soil of scree ground. - Comments: This gray-green species of genus Cladonia, growing usually in 'broccoli-like pillows', is quite common locally. It can be found on dry, stony, deteriorating, long time ago abandoned pastures. Its main characteristics are rich, filigree branching and lack of tendency to one-sidedly oriented terminal branches with sharp apices (to the contrast to several other similar species where the branches' tips are more or lessoriented in the same direction). Growing was growing in several, mostly round patches in the vicinity. Round clumps measured up to 20 cm (8') in diameter and had about 5 cm (2') thicknesses. The largest 'continuous' mat found measured about 1 x 0.6 m (3 x 2 feet). Photographed species were in almost dry state. This determination seems quite probable but is not completely certain since no chemical tests have been made and several species with similar habitus exist. - Ref.: (1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 142. (2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 319. (3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol. 1. Ulmer (1995), p 334. (4) http://www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Cladonia_portentosa.html
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Habitat: Mixed wood, mainly Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, humid place, in half-shade, exposed to direct rain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: rotten Picea abies stump, S oriented Ref.: Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembers, Ulmer, Vol.1. p322 Brodo, Sharnoff, Sharnof, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press, p247
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allmost dry state
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Syn.: Cladonia bacillaris - Habitat: Light mixed wood with bushes, densely overgrown ground, settled alluvial calcareous river deposits, flat terrain, quite sunny, humid air, exposed to precipitations, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 360 m (1.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Pinus sp. stump, partly debarked. - Ref.: - V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer, Vol. 1.and 2.(1995), p330. - I. Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p259. - N. Hodgetts, Cladonia: a field guide, The Joint Nature Conservation Comm. Peterborough (1992), p20.
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Shown with young leaves of Rumex scutatus. - Slo.: ? - Cladonia portentosa (Dufour) Coem. (1865), syn.: Cladonia impexa Harm. (1907), Cladina portentosa (Dufour) Follmann, (1979)- Habitat: at the foot of a low elevation scree slope, among small, retarded Picea abies and Fraxinus ornus trees, southeast inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground, quite open, dry and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 650 m (2.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: nutrients poor sandy soil of scree ground. - Comments: This gray-green species of genus Cladonia, growing usually in 'broccoli-like pillows', is quite common locally. It can be found on dry, stony, deteriorating, long time ago abandoned pastures. Its main characteristics are rich, filigree branching and lack of tendency to one-sidedly oriented terminal branches with sharp apices (to the contrast to several other similar species where the branches' tips are more or lessoriented in the same direction). Growing was growing in several, mostly round patches in the vicinity. Round clumps measured up to 20 cm (8') in diameter and had about 5 cm (2') thicknesses. The largest 'continuous' mat found measured about 1 x 0.6 m (3 x 2 feet). Photographed species were in almost dry state. This determination seems quite probable but is not completely certain since no chemical tests have been made and several species with similar habitus exist. - Ref.: (1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 142. (2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 319. (3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol. 1. Ulmer (1995), p 334. (4) http://www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Cladonia_portentosa.html
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Habitat: Mixed wood, mainly Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, humid place, in half-shade, exposed to direct rain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: rotten Picea abies stump, S oriented Ref.: Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembers, Ulmer, Vol.1. p322 Brodo, Sharnoff, Sharnof, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press, p247
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allmost dry state