Vernonanthura patens (Kunth) H. Rob.

Vernonia aschenborniana vS. Schaucr; Nees & Schauer, Linnaea 19: 714. 1847.
Cacalia Aschenborniana Kuntzc, Rev. Gen. 969. 1891.
Stems shrubby, 2-5 m. tall, ferruginous-pubescent; leaf-blades firm or thin, brownishgreen or olivaceous, oblong to lance-oblong, 6-10 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, acute, entire >>r remotely serrulate, frequently somewhat revolute, narrowed at base, roughly papillose-pubescent above, thinly pubescent with rusty hairs beneath, especially on the veins; petioles 2-3 mm. long; inflorescence hemispheric or pyramidal, freely branched, 2-3 dm. wide; heads 11-flowered, all sessile or nearly so; involucre broadly campanulate to hemispheric, 3 mm. high; scales regularly imbricate in few series, more or less pubescent and ciliate, the outer broadly ovate, acute, the inner ovate-lanceolate, subacute or obtuse, the midvein thickened at the apex; achenes sharply ribbed, hirsute, 2 mm. long; pappus tawny or rufescent, the bristles 5 mm. long, the scales very narrow, 0.4-0.5 mm. long.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Nicaragua.

Vernonia salamana Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 46:242. 1919.
Stems shrubby, branched above, 2-2.5 m. high, thinly cinereous-pubescent or becoming glabrate with age; leaf-blades thin but firm, pale-olivaceous, ovate-elliptic, 5-7 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, obtuse or subacute, undulate, entire, or remotely denticulate, obtuse or rounded at base, distinctly pubescent or subtomentose above, finely pubescent beneath, especially on the prominent reticulate veins, on petioles 4-8 mm. long, or the upper leaves nearly sessile; inflorescence of freely branched cymes, terminating the stem and upper branches, forming a pyramidal panicle 2.5 dm. broad, the cyme-branches leafless, straight, bearing each 3-6 21-flowered heads; involucre broadly campanulate, 4-5 mm. high; scales loosely but regularly imbricate, pale-green with a dark spot near the apex, ciliate, puberulent, obtuse t o broadly rounded, the midvein prominent apically and usually prolonged into a minute mucro; achenes finely pubescent; pappus pale-tawny, the bristles 4 mm. long, the scales narrowly linear, 0.4 mm. long.
Type locality: Near Salami, Guatemala. Distribution: Guatemala.

Vernonia stellaris Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 23. 1824
Vernonia Deppeana Less. Linnaea 6: 398. 1831. Cacalia Deppeana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 969. 1891. Cacalia stellaris Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 970. 1891.
Stems shrubby, freely branched, pubescent or tomentose, 2-5 m. high; leaf-blades thin,
oblong or narrowly elliptic, 8-10 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. wide, acute, entire or obscurely serrate,
narrowed or rounded at base, scabrellate with papillose hairs above, tomentose or floccose
with ferruginous hairs beneath, on petioles 8-12 mm. long; inflorescence widely branched,
pyramidal or hemispheric, 1-3 dm. broad; heads 18-21(rarely 11-) flowered; involucre
campanulate, 3-4 mm. high; scales loosely but regularly imbricate, erect or appressed, the
outer ovate, acute or acuminate, pubescent, the inner oblong, acute or subacute, glabrous or
puberulent, arachnoid-ciliate; achenes sharply ribbed, 2.5 mm. long, pubescent; pappus
tawny, the bristles 4 mm. long, the scales very narrow, about 0.5 mm. long.
Type locality: San Jose del Corral [near Cordoba, Veracruz]. Distribution: Central Mexico to Costa Rica.