Falcataria falcata (syns. Albizia falcata, Falcataria moluccana and Paraserianthes falcataria), commonly known as the Moluccan albizia, is a species of fast-growing tree in the family Fabaceae.[3] It is native to the Maluku Islands, New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomon Islands. It is cultivated for timber throughout South Asian and Southeast Asian countries. This tree is considered to be invasive in Hawaii, American Samoa and several other island nations in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.[4][5] It reaches about 30 m (100 ft) tall in nature, and has a massive trunk and an open crown.[4]
Falcataria falcata is cultivated throughout the wet tropical and subtropical regions of the world and so has many common names. These include: albizia (Hawaii), Moluccan albizia, sengon (Java), salawaku (Maluku), jeungjing (Indonesia), ai-samtuco (Tetun, Timor-Leste), batai (Malaysia), kerosin tree (Pohnpei), sau, Moluccan sau, and falcata (Philippines), Tamaligi (Samoa).
The tree has become invasive in forests in Hawaii and on other Pacific islands, like New Caledonia.[8][9]
In Hawaii the caterpillars of the endemic Hawaiian koa looper (Scotorythra paludicola) has been found to defoliate Falcataria falcata and complete their development on this invasive tree without the larvae eating the leaves of their native host Acacia koa.[11]
In Borneo the following moth species have been identified as feeding on Falcataria falcata.[12]
In the broader Indomalayan region the following species have also been found feeding on F. falcata:
The industrial tree plantation wood Falcataria falcata was found to be susceptible to the species of drywood termites, Cryptotermes cynocephalus, in trials in the Philippines.[6] This tree species has also been found to be susceptible to the subterranean termite species Coptotermes formosanus in tests conducted in Indonesia[14] and Hawaii.[15] The Formosan subterranean termites consumed 49 ± 4.0 µg/termite/day of F. falcata wood in the Indonesian Standard (SNI) laboratory tests or 66 ± 6.5 µg/termite/day under the Japanese Standard (JIS) tests for termite susceptibility.[14]
Falcataria falcata is the primary host of the gall rust fungus Uromycladium falcatarium,[16] and has also been recorded as a host of Uromycladium tepperianum.[17] Both of these gall rust species cause severe damage throughout all stages of the tree's growth.
Two Actinomycetales bacteria Streptomyces asiaticus and S. cangkringensis have been isolated from the rhizosphere soil surrounding F. falcata in Indonesia.[18][19][20] Although at least 10 species of Streptomyces are plant pathogens it is unclear if these two species have any negative impacts on the roots or other tissues of this tree.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) DOI 10.1007/s13313-014-0301-z Falcataria falcata (syns. Albizia falcata, Falcataria moluccana and Paraserianthes falcataria), commonly known as the Moluccan albizia, is a species of fast-growing tree in the family Fabaceae. It is native to the Maluku Islands, New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomon Islands. It is cultivated for timber throughout South Asian and Southeast Asian countries. This tree is considered to be invasive in Hawaii, American Samoa and several other island nations in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It reaches about 30 m (100 ft) tall in nature, and has a massive trunk and an open crown.
