dcsimg

Comments

provided by eFloras
Formerly cultivated throughout the tropics for Indigo.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 82 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
partner site
eFloras

Description

provided by eFloras
Shrub, 60-120 cm tall, branches pubescent, hairs appressed. Leaves 1.2-12.5 cm long; leaflets 7-13, c. 5-26 mm long, elliptic or oblong, glabrous to subglabrous above, appressly pubescent below; petiolule c. 1 mm long; stipules small. Inflorescence a subsessile raceme, c. 5-12 cm long. Calyx c. 1-1.5 mm long, pubescent, teeth as long as the tube. Corolla pink. Vexillum c. 4-4.5 mm long. Fruit 1.8-3.8 cm long, c. 2.5 mm broad, straight or slightly curved, glabrous, 10-12-seeded.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 82 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
partner site
eFloras

Distribution

provided by eFloras
Distribution: Pakistan (Punjab, Sind); India; Ceylon; Burma; Indonesia; Philippines; Siam; Indo China; Malaya; Tropical Africa; introduced in Tropical America.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 82 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
partner site
eFloras

Flower/Fruit

provided by eFloras
Fl. Per.: November-December.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 82 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
partner site
eFloras

Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Indigofera tinctoria L Sp. PI. 751. 1753
Indigofera tinctoria macrocarpa DC. Prodr. 2: 224, in part. 1825. Anila tinctoria normalis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 160. 1891.
A shrub, 1-2 m. high; branches terete or slightly angled, more or less strigose; stipules subulate-setaceous, 2-3 mm. long; leaves 5-10 cm. long, spreading; leaflets 9-15, distinctly petioluled, obovate or oval, rounded and mucronate at the apex, obtuse or acute at the base, 1-2.5 cm. long, 6-15 mm. wide, usually glabrous above, strigose beneath; racemes 3-7 cm. long, usually shorter than the leaves; calyx 1.5 m. long; corolla reddish-yellow, 5-6 mm. long; wings spatulate; pod linear-cylindric, usually 3-3.5 cm. long, 2 mm. broad, slightly curved towards the apex, 8-12-seeded; seeds 2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. thick.
Tvpe locality: India.
Distribution: Subtropical Florida; West Indies; escaped from cultivation and naturalized; native of southern India.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
bibliographic citation
Per Axel Rydberg. 1919. (ROSALES); FABACEAE; PSORALEAE. North American flora. vol 24(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
original
visit source
partner site
North American Flora

Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Indigofera sumatrana Gaertn. Fruct 2:317 1791
Indigofera indica Lam. Encyc. 3: 245. 1789. Not /. indica Mill. 1768.
Indigofera tinctoria I.unan, Hort. Jam. 1: 419. 1814.
Indigofera tinctoria macrocarpa DC. Prodr. 2: 224, in part. 1825.
A shrub, 1-2 m. high; branches somewhat angled, strigose; stipules subulate, 2 mm. long; leaves 5-8 cm. long, spreading; leaflets 7-11, distinctly petioluled, obovate, rounded and mucronate at the apex, cuneate or acute at the base, 1-2.5 cm. long, strigose on both sides; racemes 3-8 cm. long; calyx 1.5 mm. long, strigose; corolla reddish-orange, 5 mm. long; pod 3-4 cm. long, 3 mm. wide, sickle-shaped, abruptly acute, S-12-seeded; seeds 2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. thick.
Type locality: (Not given, but by inference) Sumatra.
Distribution: Jamaica to Virgin Islands and St. Kitts; also in Venezuela; cultivated and naturalized; native from northern India to Formosa and the Dutch East Indies.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
bibliographic citation
Per Axel Rydberg. 1919. (ROSALES); FABACEAE; PSORALEAE. North American flora. vol 24(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
original
visit source
partner site
North American Flora

Physical Description

provided by USDA PLANTS text
Perennial, Shrubs, Herbs, Taproot present, Nodules present, Stems erect or ascending, Ste ms less than 1 m tall, Stems 1-2 m tall, Stems solid, Stems or young twigs sparsely to densely hairy, Stems silvery, canescent, tomentose, cobwebby, or wooly, Stems with 2-branched hairs, dolabriform, Leaves alternate, Leaves petiolate, Stipules inconspicuous, absent, or caducous, Stipules setiform, subulate or acicular, Stipules persistent, Stipules free, Leaves compound, Leaves odd pinnate, Leaf or leaflet margins entire, Leaflets opposite, Leaflets 5-9, Leaflets 10-many, Leaves glabrous or nearly so, Leaves hairy on one or both surfaces, Inflorescences racemes, Inflorescences spikes or spike-like, Inflorescence axillary, Bracts very small, absent or caducous, Flowers zygomorphic, Calyx 5-lobed, Calyx glabrous, Petals separate, Corolla papilionaceous, Petals clawed, Petals pinkish to rose, Petals red, Petals orange or yellow, Banner petal ovoid or obovate, Wing petals narrow, oblanceolate to oblong, Wing petals auriculate, Wing tips obtuse or rounded, Keel petals auriculat e, spurred, or gibbous, Keel abruptly curved, or spirally coiled, Keel tips obtuse or rounded, not beaked, Stamens 9-10, Stamens diadelphous, 9 united, 1 free, Filaments glabrous, Style terete, Fruit a legume, Fruit unilocular, Fruit freely dehiscent, Fruit elongate, straight, Fruit oblong or ellipsoidal, Fruit coriaceous or becoming woody, Fruit exserted from calyx, Fruit inflated or turgid, Fruit internally septate between the seeds, Fruit compressed between seeds, Fruit torulose or moniliform, strongly constricted between seeds, Fruit glabrous or glabrate, Fruit hairy, Fruit 3-10 seeded, Fruit 11-many seeded, Seeds ovoid to rounded in outline, Seed surface smooth, Seeds olive, brown, or black.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
compiler
Dr. David Bogler
source
Missouri Botanical Garden
source
USDA NRCS NPDC
original
visit source
partner site
USDA PLANTS text

Indigofera tinctoria

provided by wikipedia EN

Indigofera tinctoria[2], also called true indigo, is a species of plant from the bean family that was one of the original sources of indigo dye.

Description

True indigo is a shrub 1–2 metres (3 ft 3 in – 6 ft 7 in) high. It may be an annual, biennial, or perennial, depending on the climate in which it is grown. It has light green pinnate leaves and sheafs of pink or violet flowers.

The rotenoids deguelin, dehydrodeguelin, rotenol, rotenone, tephrosin and sumatrol can be found in I. tinctoria.[3]

Distribution and habitat

It has been naturalized to tropical and temperate Asia, as well as parts of Africa, but its native habitat is unknown since it has been in cultivation worldwide for many centuries.

Agricultural use

The plant is a legume, so it is rotated into fields to improve the soil in the same way that other legume crops such as alfalfa and beans are. The plant is also widely grown as a soil-improving groundcover.

Dye

Dye is obtained from the processing of the plant's leaves. They are soaked in water and fermented in order to convert the glycoside indican naturally present in the plant to the blue dye indigotin. The precipitate from the fermented leaf solution is mixed with a strong base such as lye.

Today most dye is synthetic, but natural dye from I. tinctoria is still available, marketed as natural colouring where it is known as tarum in Indonesia and nila in Malaysia. In Iran and areas of the former Soviet Union it is known as basma.

History

Marco Polo (13th century) was the first European to report on the preparation of indigo in India. Indigo was quite often used in European easel painting, beginning in the Middle Ages.[4]

See also

References

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Indigofera tinctoria: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Indigofera tinctoria, also called true indigo, is a species of plant from the bean family that was one of the original sources of indigo dye.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN