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Comprehensive Description

provided by Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Arrhenophanes perspicilla (Stoll)

Phalaena Bombyx perspicilla Stoll, 1790:74.

Parathyris perspicilla (Stoll).—Hübner, 1820:158, species 1641.—Busck, 1912:8.—Viereck, 1912:1.

Dasychira? perspicilla (Stoll).—Walker, 1856:1740.

Parathyris ? perspicilla (Stoll).—Kirby, 1892:853.

Arrhenophanes perspicilla (Stoll).—Walsingham, 1913:204.—Busck, 1914: 62.—Hoffmann, 1931:1.—Costa Lima, 1945:206.—Bradley, 1951:178—Biezanko, 1961:8.—Davis, 1984:25.—Nye and Fletcher, 1991:33.

Arrhenophanes inca Meyrick, 1913:199.—Bradley, 1951:185 [synonym of A. perspicilla].

MALE (Figures 120, 121).—Forewing length 13–21 mm. Head: Vestiture mostly off-white; frons more cream, moderately smooth, covered with small, short, broad scales; vertex semi-rough, scales much longer and piliform and partially directed forward over frons; occiput with lateral, piliform tufts; a short tuft of piliform scales arising ventrally between labial palpi that covers rudimentary maxillae. Antenna 55–59-segmented, approximately two-fifths length of forewing; scape with off-white vestiture dorsally, naked ventrally; flagellum shortly bipectinate almost to apex, sparsely covered dorsally with 3–5 irregular, compact rows of slender, off-white scales per segment. Labial palpus mostly pale yellowish brown to off-white, with dark fuscous dorsally on segment II and basal one-half of III.

Thorax (Figures 39, 40): Dorsal vestiture mostly similar to head in color, with a prominent tuft of grayish to fuscous, slightly banded with off-white, piliform scales arising from metanotum; ventral vestiture mostly shiny off-white, with a prominent ventral collar of fuscous beneath head. Forewing basically off-white with a predominantly dark, complex, oval pattern across middle of wing that occupies more than one-half of entire forewing surface; oval area mostly dark reddish brown with a large semicircular to slightly crescent-shaped, cream-colored spot at distal one-third of discal cell; crescent spot relatively shorter, with basal margin aligned more oblique, and lower, basal angle more acute and extended caudally than in A. volcanica; area immediately basal to spot brownish orange; a small, linear, iridescent, pale blue patch of slender scales present in lower middle of oval area immediately anterior to CuP; distal margin of dark area often bordered by slender, sometimes faint, concentric, curved lines across wing; submarginal area from costa to tornus usually suffused with a variable amount of faint brownish scales; a small black spot on margin between M1 and M2; base of wing sometimes with brownish to grayish suffusion. Hindwing mostly off-white, with variable amount of fuscous irroration near central area of wing forming, in more well-marked specimens, a faint reticulate pattern; pattern never as distinct as in A. volcanica; a small black spot present near margin near apices of A1 and A2, and another, more elongate, strip of black usually evident along margin between M1 and M2. Foreleg with coxa off-white except for a small patch of brown at base; femur shiny black dorsally, off-white ventrally; tibia more brown dorsally, with a lateral brush of off-white; tarsomeres brown dorsally and basally, becoming entirely off-white more distally. Midleg mostly off-white, with slight dorsal shading of yellowish brown; hindleg uniformly off-white, rarely with a few scattered black scales.

Abdomen (Figures 44, 45): Generally off-white dorsally and ventrally, except sometimes with a suffusion of yellowish brown to pale gray dorsally beginning at A4 and widening to A8; dorsum rarely entirely pale gray.

Genitalia (Figures 227–230): Vinculum-saccus Y-shaped; saccus moderately stout, ~ 2 × length of vinculum. Apotheca enlarged, exceeding length of saccus by almost one-third its length. Caudal apex of anellus moderately broad. Valva with apical lobe of sacculus terminating in a prominent chelate process bearing serrations along inner margins (Figure 229); apex of cucullus terminating in a short, slender process. Aedoeagus almost as long as valva, with a greatly extended vitta more than 24 × length of aedoeagus and more than 7 × length of entire body.

FEMALE.—Forewing length 19–32 mm. Color pattern similar to male. Antenna approximately one-half length of forewing, 48–56-segmented, bipectinate almost to apex; longest rami ∼5 × diameter of shaft in length, relatively broad, flat.

Abdomen: Corethrogyne present, consisting of a dense encirclement of long, off-white to pale gray, piliform scales from A7.

Genitalia (Figures 252–254): Lamella antevaginalis deeply cleft. Antrum well developed, forming a slender, sclerotized tube ∼0.75 × length of anterior apophysis; anterior two-thirds of ductus bursae greatly constricted to a slender, membranous tube. Ductus seminalis extremely elongated, more than 3 × length of posterior apophysis, joining ductus bursae near middle of latter. Corpus bursae moderately reduced. Ductus spermathecae short, less than one-half length of spermathecal sac.

EGG (Figures 50–52).—Maximum length 0.87 mm, width 0.56 mm. All surfaces generally smooth except for reticular micropyle area composed of 25–35 irregular cells bounded by low ridges (Figures 51, 52).

LARVA (Figures 53–77).—Length of largest larva 41 mm, maximum width 10 mm. Cuticle white, with yellowish brown to black plates and spots.

Head: Yellowish brown. Ecdysial line extending ∼0.8 × distance to epicranial notch; frontoclypeus almost two-thirds the distance to epicranial notch. Seta AF1 absent. P1 arising close to ecdysial line slightly above middle of frons; P2 absent. F1 arising adjacent to lateral adfrontal suture. Six stemmata present. SS1 situated well forward of fifth stemmata. Antenna (Figures 65, 66) 3-segmented, with long tactile sensillum and 2 short, basiconic sensilla from second segment; segment 3 with one basiconic sensillum of similar size to previous pair, one very small tuberculate sensillum basiconica, and a sensillum styloconicum (sometimes considered a fourth segment) bearing a similarly small tubercle. Maxilla as in Figures 71, 72; mesal lobe with a pair of moderately large sensilla styloconica and 3 minute sensilla basiconica; sensilla trichodea highly irregular, deeply divided or branched so as to seemingly exceed the typical number (3). Labrum with all 6 pairs of dorsal setae present; deeply emarginate anteriorly. Mandible black with two setae; 1 acute and 4 or 5 less distinct, more truncate cusps. Hy-popharnyx densely setose dorsally (Figure 70). Labial palpus slender, elongate; first (basal) segment ∼3 × length of second (apical), the latter bearing a single long sensillum as long as the segment (Figure 69). Spinneret long and gradually tapering to a slender, simple apex (Figure 68).

Thorax: Notal plates and pinnacula yellowish brown to black; pronotum with 6 black marginal spots anteriorly and 2 black lines posteriorly; mesonotum broadly edged on all sides with black except along pale medial line; metanotum reduced, with 2 black spots dorsally, the larger of which has a yellow center. Prothoracic spiracle oval with longitudinal axis oriented vertically; spiracle with a densely spinose filtering system (Figures 75, 76) consisting of several clusters of approximately 20–25 spines each; peritreme thickened, raised. Lateral series trisetose; L1 on separate pinnaculum from L2 and L3 on T2-T3. SV series bisetose. Legs well developed, with a stout, slightly curved claw (Figures 73, 74).

Abdomen: Pinnacula brown. D1 and D2 arising from separate pinnacula except on A9-A10 where they are joined. L3 on separate pinnaculum from L1-L2 on A1-A7. SV trisetose on A1, A3-A6, bisetose on A2 and A7. A8 with spiracle on same pinnaculum with L1. Spiracles similar in size and structure as on prothorax. Crochets approximately 13–19 on A3-A6; anal crochets 14–17.

LARVAL CASE (Figure 78).—Largest case 40 mm long, 16 mm wide, slightly depressed; walls thick, tough, lined internally with dense, white silk, covered externally with brownish, matted silk and fungal fragments.

PUPA (Figures 82–84).—Maximum length 22 mm () and 17 mm (). Female antennal sheaths more than 2 × width of those of male. Pronotum and mesonotum with 2 pairs of dorsal setae; caudal pair more approximate; caudal pair on mesonotum adjacent to pronotal suture. Terga 3–5 with 2 pairs of dorsal setae; A1-A2, A6-A10 with single pair. A single row of tergal spines present on A3-A7 of female and A3-A8 of male; those on A3 less well developed. SV unisetose on A3-A7.

HOLOTYPE [?].—(Arrhenophanes perspicilla (Stoll)); SURINAM: , deposition unknown.

(Arrhenophanes inca Meyrick); PERU: JUNIN: El Porvenir, 3000 ft [914 m], , 1908 (BMNH).

HOST.—Polyporaceae: Polyporus sp. (Busck, 1912); Polyporus guaraniticus Speg.; Polyporus vulgaris L. (Biezan-ko, 1961).

PARASITOID.—Ichneumonidae: Sesioctonus parathyridis Viereck

FLIGHT PERIOD.—In favorable habitats, adults of this species can be encountered throughout the year. In the lowlands of Costa Rica, for example, adults have been collected in every month of the year.

DISTRIBUTION (Map 8).—This species occurs throughout much of the lowland Neotropical Region from the state of Veracruz in Mexico to Misiones in Argentina and Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil; absent from the West Indies.

MAP 8.—Distribution of Arrhenophanes perspicilla.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—ARGENTINA: MISIONES: Haut Paraná, San Ignacio de Misiones: 1 [no date] (BMNH). BELIZE: Punta Gorda: 2, Jun 1933; 1 , Jun 1933; 1, Jul 1934, J. White (BMNH). BOLIVIA: COCHABAMBA: Chapare, Alto Palmer, 1100 m: 1, Jun 1913 (CNC). SANTA CRUZ: “Provincia del Sara”: 1 , Jul 1913; 1, Nov 1912, Steinbach (CMNH). Rio Songo, 750 m: 1, [no date], Fassl (USNM). Santa Cruz: 1, Oct, Steinbach (BMNH). BRAZIL: ALAGOAS: Maceió: 1, [no date] (BMNH). AMAZONAS: Canadian Fathers' Pool, 2 km N of Manaus, Itacoatiara Hwy: 1 , 11 May 1972, E.G. & E.A. Munroe (CNC). Fonte Boa: 2, Jul 1906, Kluges (BMNH). Manaus: 1, 12 Feb 1896, Austen (BMNH). Manaus, Reserva Ducke, km 26, Itacoatiara Hwy: 1, 15 May 1972; 1 , 19 May 1972, E.G & E.A. Munroe (CNC). Manaus, Reserva Ducke, km 26, Itacoatiara Hwy, Plateau Hut: 1, 1 , 13 Dec 1993, J.V. Sullivan & R.W. Hutchings (USNM). Reserva Duque, 50 km NW Manaus: 1, 1 , 5 Dec 1974, K. Sandved (USNM). Rio Purus, Hyutanaha: 4, Jan 1922; 9 Feb 1922; 1, 1 , Mar 1922, S.M. Klages (CMNH). Rio Purus, Miracena: 1, Apr 1922, S.M. Klages (CMNH). Rio Purus, Nova Olinda: 16, May 1922; 2, Jun 1922, S.M. Klages (CMNH). Sâo Paulo de Olivença: 1 , Dec 1931, Wucherpfennig (BMNH); 2, 1 , Nov-Dec, Fassl (USNM). BAHIA: Ipiaú, 150 m: 1, 20 Jan 1967, V.O. Becker (VOB). CEARÁ: Pacatuba, 250 m: 1 , 6 Apr 1994, V.O. Becker, 91707 (VOB). DISTRITO FEDERAL: Planantina, 15°35′S, 47°42′W, 1000 m: 2, 8 Feb 1976; 1, 28 Apr 1976, V.O. Becker, 19557 (VOB); 1, 8 Mar 1999, DNA sample 1330, V.O. Becker (USNM). ESPIRITU SANTO: Linhares, 40 m: 1, 5–9 Apr 1992; 3, 20–29 Feb 1992; 1, 1, 16–18 Sep 1991, V.O. Becker, Nos. 80830, 81914, 82902 (VOB). GOIAS: Goiás, 500 m: 1, 13–15 Oct 1984, V.O. Becker, 52228 (VOB). Leopoldo de Bulhoes: 5, 1 , Dec 1935, R. Spitz (BMNH). St. Leopoldina, Dorf Tirol, 600 m: 2, 1–29 Jan 1999; 1, 1–30 Jan 2000; 1, 15 Oct 1997; 1, 1–31 Dec 1999, H. Thöny (USNM). MATO GROSSO: Chapada dos Guimaräes, 800 m: 2, 25–30 Nov 1997, V.O. Becker, 111057 (VOB). Nobres, 600 m: 1 , 25 Oct 1993, V.O. Becker (VOB). MATO GROSSO DO SUL: Corumbá, 180 m: 2, 23–25 Apr 1985, V.O. Becker, 64002 (VOB). PARÁ: Belém: 1 , [no date], M. Moss (BMNH). PARANA: Foz do Iguaçú: 1, 28 Jan 1971, Laroca & Jensen (VOB). RIO DE JANEIRO: Campo Bella: 1, 25 Jan 1927 (USNM). Cachoeira do Macacu, 700 m: 1 , 23 Jan 1998, V.O. Becker, 113401 (VOB). Garcíe: 1 , 25 May 1955, H. Ebert (USNM). Petrópolis, 650 m: 1 , 10–20 Oct 1985, V.O. Becker (VOB). [locality not stated]: 1 , [no date], G.G. MacBean; 1 , 1 Jan 1932; 1 , 28 Jan 1927; 1 , 14 Feb 1929, J.F. Zikan (USNM). RIO GRANDE DO SUL: Hamburgo Velho: 1 , 1 , 21 Nov 1920, Schwarz (BMNH). RONDONIA: Ariquemes, 180 m: 1 , 13–15 Apr 1989, V.O. Becker, 61806 (VOB). Cacaulândia, 140 m: 1 , 13–31 Dec 1997, V.O. Becker, 112689 (VOB). Porto Velho, 180 m: 3 , 24 Apr–12 May 1989, V.O. Becker, 76308 (VOB). Vilhena, 600 m: 1 , 10–13 Apr 1996, V.O. Becker, 107136 (VOB). SANTA CATARINA: Blumenau: 1 , [no date], E. Wenzel (MNHU). Corupá: 1 , Feb 1956, E.G. Munroe; 1 , Dec 1954, A. Mather (CMNH). Jaraguá do Sul: 1 , Oct 1935, Hoffmann (BMNH). Joinville: 1 , [no date], Arp (USNM). New Bremen: 1 , 1 May 1931, F. Hoffman (CU). Rio Vermelho, São Bento do Sul, 850 m: 1 , 24 Jan 1974, Rank, 11063 (VOB). [locality not stated]: “St. Catharina”: 1 , [no ate]; 1 , [no date], slide AB 822 (USNM). SÃO PAULO: Est. Boracéia, near Salesópolis, 850 m: 1 , 13 Mar 1972, E.G. & E.A. Munroe (CNC). Jacupiranga, 800 m: 1 , 8 Feb 1993, V.O. Becker, 87529 (VOB). COLOMBIA: CHOCO: Chigorodó: 1 , 8 Mar 1974, A. Lopez, 74-7350 (USNM). Condoto: 1 , [no date], Spurrell (BMNH). VALLE DEL CAUCA: Bajo Calima, CCHq, 300 ft [91 m]: 1 , 11 Jan 1985, J.B. Sullivan (USNM). COSTA RICA: ALAJUELA: NE slope of Volcan Poas, 8 km N. Vava Blanca, 1400 m: 1 , 19 Jun 1988, Brown and Powell, BL [blacklight] (UCB). Playueles, 20–50 m: 1 , 29 Mar 1996, K. Flores (INBIO). CARTAGO: Cachi: 1 , 1915 (BMNH). Juan Viñas: 1 , [no date] (USNM). Quebrada Segunda, Parque Nacional Tapanti, Area Conservación Amistad, 1500 m: 2 , Jul 1994, G. Mora (INBIO). Tuis: 1 28 May–4 Jun (USNM). Turrialba, 600 m: 1 , 10 Feb 1973; 1 , 20 Apr 1973; 1 , 15 Jul 1971; 1 , 20 Aug 1971; 1 , 10 Oct 1971; 1 , 25 Oct 1971; 1 , 25 Nov 1972, V.O. Becker, Nos. 26061, 26024, 26029, 26030, 26039, 26040, 26043 (VOB); 1 , 15 Dec 1974, K. Sandved (USNM); 2 , [no date] (USNM). GUANACASTE: La Emilia: 1 , 16 Nov 1909, P.P. Calvert (CMNH). Nicoya, W Carmona: 1 , 19 Aug 1982, Janzen & Hallwachs (USNM). Pitilla: 1 , 2000, V.O. Becker, USNM DNA Bank Lep DRD #63 (USNM). 2 km SW Santa Cecilia: 1 , 25 Dec 1984, Janzen & Hallwachs (USNM). Santa Rosa National Park: 1 , 1–8 Aug 1980; 1 , 15–17 Dec 1979, D. Janzen (INBIO). HEREDIA: Estación Magsasay, Braulio Carrillo, 200 m: 1 , May 1991, R. Aguilar (INBIO). La Selva Biological Station, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, 40 m: 1 , 26 Dec 1986–8 Jan 1987, M. Chavarría (INBIO); 1 , 27 Jun–6 Jul 1994, J. Powell (UCB). LIMON: Amubri, A.C. Amistad, 70 m: 1 , 10–31 Oct 1995; 2 , 4–21 Dec 1993, G. Gallardo (INBIO). Cerro Tortuguero, Parque Nacional Tortuguero, 100 m: 1 , Apr 1989; 1 , Dec 1989, J. Solano (INBIO). Estación Cuatro Esquinas, Parque Nacional Tortuguero, 0 m: 1 , Jul 1990, F. Quesada (INBIO). Estación Hitoy-Cerere, R. Cerere, Reserva Biológica Hitoy, 160 m: 1 , Jul 1991, A. Moreno (INBIO). La Florida, 500 ft [153 m]: 1 , [no date], slide AB (USNM). Sector Cerro Cocori, Finca de E. Rojas, 150 m: 4, Apr 1991; 2, Aug 1991; 1 , Oct 1991, E. Rojas (INBIO). Sixola River: 1 , [no date] (USNM). PUNTARENAS: Estación Esquinas, Peninsula de Osa, 0 m: 1 , Jan 1993, F. Quesada (INBIO). Estación Esquinas, Area Conservación Osa, Península de Osa, 200 m: 1 , Jan 1993, M. Segura (INBIO). Estación Quebrada Bonita, 100 m: 1 , Sep 1995, R. Guzmán (INBIO). Estación San Miguel, Reserva Natural Cabo Blanco: 1 , Sep 1993, M. Ramírez. Send. El Mirador, 100 m: 1 , 29 Sep–1 Oct 1997, F. Alvarado (INBIO). Estación Sirena, Parque Nacional Corcovado, Area Conservación Osa, 1–100 m: 2, Jan 1990; 1 , Jan 1991; 2, Feb 1990; 1 , Feb 1993; 1 , Mar 1991; 2, May 1993; 1 , Jul 1992; 1 , 27 Aug–4 Sep 1989; 2, Sep 1989; 1 , Nov 1993; 1 , Dec 1989, G. Fonseca (INBIO). Finca Cafrosa, Estación las Mellizas, Parque Nacional La Amistad, 1300 m: 1 , Oct 1989, M. Ramirez (INBIO). Quepos, Manuel Antonio National Park, 80 m: 1 , Feb 1993; 1 , Mar 1993; 1 , Oct 1992, G. Varela (INBIO); 1 , Jun 1987, A. Chacón (INBIO). Quepos, Parque Nacional Manuel Antonio, 120 m: 2, Dec 1990, G. Varela & R. Zuñiga (INBIO). Rancho Quemado, Península de Osa: 1 , Feb 1991; 1 , Nov 1990, F. Quesada; 1 , Mar 1991, J.C. Sabario (INBIO). ECUADOR: ESMERALDAS: Mayronga, 20 km SE Laygarto, 100 m: 1 , 20 Nov 1993, G. Onore (CMNH). Hacienda La Mascota, Rio Topo, 4500 ft [1373 m]: 1 , 20 Apr 1931, W.J. Coxey (CMNH). MORONA-SANTIAGO: Gualaquiza, 900 m: 1 , 19 Dec 1992, 102409 (VOB). NAPO: 67 air km E. Coca, Rio Napo, 210 m: 1 , 11 Mar 1986, McKamey (UCB). Mishualli, 450 m: 2, Dec 1992, V.O. Becker, 102171 (VOB). FRENCH GUIANA: SAINT LAURENT DU MARONI: Mana River: 1 , May 1917 (CMNH). R. Maroni: 1 , 1915; 2, 1 , 1916, Le Moult (BMNH). Saint-Jean, Maroni: 1 , Aug?, Le Moult (BMNH), 1 , 2 , [no date] (USNM); Saint-Jean, R. Maroni: 1 , 1915, Le Moult (BMNH). Saint-Jean du Maroni: 7, 3, [no date], Le Moult (BMNH); 2, [no date] (USNM). GUATEMALA: IZABAL: Cayuga: 4 , 1 , [no date], W. Schaus, slide AB (USNM); 1 , Aug, Schaus & Barnes (USNM); 3 , [no date], Schaus & Barnes (USNM). Quiriguá: 1 , Mar; 1 , May, Schaus & Barnes (USNM). PETEN: Tical, 200 m: 1 , 10 May 1969, S. Steinhauser (USNM). [locality not stated]: 1 , [no date], Schaus (USNM). GUYANA: EAST DEMERARA-WEST COAST BERBICE: Mackenzie, Demerara River: 1 , 22 Jun 1927, lot 760, sublot 104 (CU). MEXICO: CHIAPAS: Palenque: 1 , 13 Jan 1974, R. Lavigne, M 164 (USNM). Yaxoquintela, 560 m: 1 , 20 Aug 1978; 1 , 24 Aug 1978; 1 , 10 Sep 1978; 1 , 21 Sep 1978, J.E. Rawlins (CMNH). VERACRUZ: 5 km S. Coscomotepec: 1 , 8 Jun 1991, J.A. Chemsak, at light (UCB). Huatusco, 1300 m: 1 , 19–21 Aug 1981, V.O. Becker (VOB). NICARAGUA: Eden: 1 , 25 Mar 1922; 1 , 28 May 1922, W. Huber (CMNH). PANAMA: Cabima: 1 , May 1911, em: 17 Jan 1912, ex Polyporus, A. Busck (USNM) [em=emerged]. CANAL ZONE: Barro Colorado: 1 , 21 Oct, M. Bates (CMNH). Barro Colorado Island: 1 , 30 Jun 1978, Silberglied & Aiello (USNM). Coco Solo: 4 , 2 , 1946–1947, R.E. Ludwig (CAS). Paraiso: 1 , 1911, A. Busck, [adult in pupal exuvia] (USNM). Rodman: 1 , 25 Jan 1958, W.P. Thomas (CMNH). Tabernilla: 1 , [no date], A. Busck (USNM). PARAGUAY: ITAPUA: Trinidad: 1 , 18 Dec 1920, C. Jorgensen (USNM). [locality not stated]: 1 , Jun, G.G. MacBean (USNM). PERU: JUNIN: El Porvenir, 3000 ft [914 m]: 1 , 1908, “P,” Holotype: inca Meyr” (BMNH). MADRE DE DIOS: Osherato, Rió Tambo: 2 larvae, case, collected on šitovikíni, USDA lot 80-8076 (USNM). Rio Tambopata Res., 30 air km SW Puerto Maldonado, 290 m: 2 , 2–5 Nov 1979; 1 , 3 6–10 Nov 1979, slides USNM 23625, 23626, 22961, 22962; 3 , 1 , 11–15 Nov 1979, J.B. Heppner (USNM). PASCO?: Oxacampa: 1 , [no date], 2094 (CU). PUNO: La Oroya, R. Ianambari, 3100 ft [946 m]: 1 , Jul 1904, Ockenden (BMNH). PROV.?: Jaupl Bajo: 1 , Oct 1962, L. Harris (BMNH). SURINAM: MAROWIJNE: Moengo, Boven-Cottica River: 8 , 22–27 May 1927, CU lot 760, sublot 71–81 (CU). TRINIDAD: Arima Valley, Simla: 1 , 22 Mar 1981, M[ercury] V[apor], M.J.W. Cock, USNM. VENEZUELA: ARAGUA: Rancho Grande, 1100 m: 1 , 22–30 Feb 1967, R.W. Poole (USNM). BARINAS: Rio Caparo Research Station: 1 , 3–5 Feb 1978, J.[B.] Heppner (BMNH). Rio Caparo Res. Station, 32 km E Canton: 7 , 2 , 3–5 Feb 1978, J.B. Heppner (USNM). CARABOBO: Las Guiguas, San Esteban: 1 , [no date], Kluges (BMNH). GUARICO: Hato Masaguaral, 45 km S Calabozo, 75 m: 1 , 1 , 22 Jun 1989; 1 , 24–26 Jun 1989, M. Epstein & M. Rodriguez; 3 , 3–5 Jun 1988, M. Epstein (USNM). Hato Flores Morales, 45 km S Calabozo, 75 m: 2 , 5–7 Jul 1989, M. Epstein & M. Deza (USNM). MERIDA: Mérida: 1 , 2 , [no date], Briceno (BMNH). 1 , 1 , [no date] (USNM). T.F. AMAZONAS: Cerro de la Neblina, basecamp, 140 m: 8 , 1 , 4–12 Feb 1984, slide USNM 23624; 2 , 1 , 1–10 Mar 1984, D.R. Davis & T. McCabe; 1 , 18 Feb 1985, R. Faitout & W. Steiner (USNM). TRUJILLO: Valera: 1 , [no date], E.P. de Bellard (USNM). [locality not stated]: 3, [no date] (CMNH).
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bibliographic citation
Davis, Donald R. 2003. "A monograph of the family Arrhenophanidea( Lepidoptera: Tineoidea)." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-80. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.620

Arrhenophanes perspicilla

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Arrhenophanes perspicilla

Arrhenophanes perspicilla is a species of moth in the family Arrhenophanidae. It occurs throughout much of the lowland Neotropical Region from the state of Veracruz in Mexico to Misiones in Argentina and Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. It is absent from the West Indies.

The length of the forewings is 13–21 mm for males and 19–32 mm for females. In favorable habitats, adults of this species can be encountered throughout the year. In the lowlands of Costa Rica, for example, adults have been collected in every month of the year.

The larvae feed on Polyporus species, including Polyporus vulgaris.

Larvae

The length of the larvae ranges up to 41 mm with a maximum width of 10 mm. They are cuticle white, with yellowish brown to black plates and spots.

Larval Case

The larval case has a length of up to 40 mm and a maximum width of 16 mm wide. It is slightly depressed with thick, tough walls which are lined internally with dense, white silk. It is covered externally with brownish, matted silk and fungal fragments.

Pupa

The pupa has a maximum length of 22 mm for females and 17 mm for males. The female antennal sheaths are more than 2 times the width of those of the male.

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Arrhenophanes perspicilla: Brief Summary

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Arrhenophanes perspicilla

Arrhenophanes perspicilla is a species of moth in the family Arrhenophanidae. It occurs throughout much of the lowland Neotropical Region from the state of Veracruz in Mexico to Misiones in Argentina and Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. It is absent from the West Indies.

The length of the forewings is 13–21 mm for males and 19–32 mm for females. In favorable habitats, adults of this species can be encountered throughout the year. In the lowlands of Costa Rica, for example, adults have been collected in every month of the year.

The larvae feed on Polyporus species, including Polyporus vulgaris.

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cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
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visit source
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wikipedia EN