1056844Clemmys guttataVulnerable (VU)<i>Clemmys guttata</i> SCHNEIDER 1792spotted turtlespotted turtlebrBaot vrizhellekenspotted turtlefrClemmys guttatafrtortue ponctuéenlDruppelschildpadruЧерепаха пятнистаяHarding, J. 1997. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.9791979324698false1Barnwell, M., P. Meylan, T. Walsh. 1997. The spotted turtle (*Clemmys guttata*) in central Florida. Chelonian Conserv. and Biol., 2: 405-408.401314013324698false1Bartlett, R., P. Bartlett. 1999. A Field Guide to Florida Reptiles and Amphibians. Houston, Texas: Gulf Publ. Co..401414014324698false1Behler, J. 1996. Spying on spotties: radio bugs reveal the secret life of the spotted turtle. Wildlife Conservation., Sept-Oct 1996: 39-45.401514015324698false1Bickham, J., T. Lamb, P. Minx, J. Patton. 1996. Molecular systematics of the genus *Clemmys* and the intergenetic relationships of emydid turtles. Herpetologica, 52(1): 89-97.401614016324698false1Burke, R., T. Leuteritz, A. Wolf. 1996. Phylogenetic relationships of emydine turtles. Herpetologica, 52(4): 572-584.401714017324698false1Conant, R., J. Collins. 1998. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.401814018324698false1Congdon, J., A. Dunham, R. van Loben Sels. 1993. Delayed sexual maturity and demographics of Blanding's Turtles (*Emydoidea blandingii*): implcations for conservation and management of long-lived organisms. Conservation Biology, 7(4): 826-833.401914019324698false1Congdon, J., A. Dunham, R. van Loben Sels. 1994. Demographics of Common Snapping Turtles: Implications for conservation and management of long-lived organisms. Amer. Zool., 34: 397-408.402014020324698false1Ernst, C. 1983. *Clemmys guttata* (spotted turtle) X *Clemmys muhlenbergii* (bog turtle): natural hybrid. Herpetol. Rev., 14: 75.402114021324698false1Ernst, C., J. Lovich, R. Barbour. 1994. Turtles of the United States and Canada. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.402214022324698false1Ernst, C. 1970. Reproduction in *Clemmys guttata*. Herpetologica, 26: 228-232.402314023324698false1Ewert, M., C. Nelson. 1991. Sex determination in turtles: Diverse patterns and some possible adaptive values. Copeia, 1991: 50-69.402414024324698false1Feldman, C., J. Parham. 2001. Molecular systematics of emydine turtles.. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 4(1): 194-198.402514025324698false1Feldman, C., J. Parham. 2002. A molecular phylogeny for emydine turtles: taxonomic revision and the evolution of shell kinesis.. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 22(3): 388-398.402614026324698false1Holman, J., U. Fritz. 2001. A new emydine species from the Middle Miocene (Barstovian) of Nebraska, USA with a new generic arrangement for the species of Clemmys sensu McDowell (1964) (Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae).. Zoologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden, 51: 331-354.402714027324698false1Klemens, M. 1993. Amphibians and reptiles of Connecticut and Adjacent Regions. Hartford: Bull. 112. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey of Connecticut.402814028324698false1Levell, J. 1997. A Field Guide to Reptiles and the Law (2nd ed.). Lanesboro, Minnesota: Serpent's Tale Natural History Books Distributors.402914029324698false1Litzgus, J., R. Brooks. 2000. Habitat and temperature selection of *Clemmys guttata*in a northern population. Journ. of Herpetology, 34(2): 178-185.403014030324698false1Harding, J. 1997. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.97919791074383false1Barnwell, M., P. Meylan, T. Walsh. 1997. The spotted turtle (*Clemmys guttata*) in central Florida. Chelonian Conserv. and Biol., 2: 405-408.4013140131074383false1Bartlett, R., P. Bartlett. 1999. A Field Guide to Florida Reptiles and Amphibians. Houston, Texas: Gulf Publ. Co..4014140141074383false1Behler, J. 1996. Spying on spotties: radio bugs reveal the secret life of the spotted turtle. Wildlife Conservation., Sept-Oct 1996: 39-45.4015140151074383false1Bickham, J., T. Lamb, P. Minx, J. Patton. 1996. Molecular systematics of the genus *Clemmys* and the intergenetic relationships of emydid turtles. Herpetologica, 52(1): 89-97.4016140161074383false1Burke, R., T. Leuteritz, A. Wolf. 1996. Phylogenetic relationships of emydine turtles. Herpetologica, 52(4): 572-584.4017140171074383false1Conant, R., J. Collins. 1998. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.4018140181074383false1Congdon, J., A. Dunham, R. van Loben Sels. 1993. Delayed sexual maturity and demographics of Blanding's Turtles (*Emydoidea blandingii*): implcations for conservation and management of long-lived organisms. Conservation Biology, 7(4): 826-833.4019140191074383false1Congdon, J., A. Dunham, R. van Loben Sels. 1994. Demographics of Common Snapping Turtles: Implications for conservation and management of long-lived organisms. Amer. Zool., 34: 397-408.4020140201074383false1Ernst, C. 1983. *Clemmys guttata* (spotted turtle) X *Clemmys muhlenbergii* (bog turtle): natural hybrid. Herpetol. Rev., 14: 75.4021140211074383false1Ernst, C., J. Lovich, R. Barbour. 1994. Turtles of the United States and Canada. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.4022140221074383false1Ernst, C. 1970. Reproduction in *Clemmys guttata*. Herpetologica, 26: 228-232.4023140231074383false1Ewert, M., C. Nelson. 1991. Sex determination in turtles: Diverse patterns and some possible adaptive values. Copeia, 1991: 50-69.4024140241074383false1Feldman, C., J. Parham. 2001. Molecular systematics of emydine turtles.. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 4(1): 194-198.4025140251074383false1Feldman, C., J. Parham. 2002. A molecular phylogeny for emydine turtles: taxonomic revision and the evolution of shell kinesis.. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 22(3): 388-398.4026140261074383false1Holman, J., U. Fritz. 2001. A new emydine species from the Middle Miocene (Barstovian) of Nebraska, USA with a new generic arrangement for the species of Clemmys sensu McDowell (1964) (Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae).. Zoologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden, 51: 331-354.4027140271074383false1Klemens, M. 1993. Amphibians and reptiles of Connecticut and Adjacent Regions. Hartford: Bull. 112. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey of Connecticut.4028140281074383false1Levell, J. 1997. A Field Guide to Reptiles and the Law (2nd ed.). Lanesboro, Minnesota: Serpent's Tale Natural History Books Distributors.4029140291074383false1Litzgus, J., R. Brooks. 2000. Habitat and temperature selection of *Clemmys guttata*in a northern population. Journ. of Herpetology, 34(2): 178-185.4030140301074383false1Harding, J. 1997. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.97919791138221false1Barnwell, M., P. Meylan, T. Walsh. 1997. The spotted turtle (*Clemmys guttata*) in central Florida. Chelonian Conserv. and Biol., 2: 405-408.4013140131138221false1Bartlett, R., P. Bartlett. 1999. A Field Guide to Florida Reptiles and Amphibians. Houston, Texas: Gulf Publ. Co..4014140141138221false1Behler, J. 1996. Spying on spotties: radio bugs reveal the secret life of the spotted turtle. Wildlife Conservation., Sept-Oct 1996: 39-45.4015140151138221false1Bickham, J., T. Lamb, P. Minx, J. Patton. 1996. Molecular systematics of the genus *Clemmys* and the intergenetic relationships of emydid turtles. Herpetologica, 52(1): 89-97.4016140161138221false1Burke, R., T. Leuteritz, A. Wolf. 1996. Phylogenetic relationships of emydine turtles. Herpetologica, 52(4): 572-584.4017140171138221false1Conant, R., J. Collins. 1998. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.4018140181138221false1Congdon, J., A. Dunham, R. van Loben Sels. 1993. Delayed sexual maturity and demographics of Blanding's Turtles (*Emydoidea blandingii*): implcations for conservation and management of long-lived organisms. Conservation Biology, 7(4): 826-833.4019140191138221false1Congdon, J., A. Dunham, R. van Loben Sels. 1994. Demographics of Common Snapping Turtles: Implications for conservation and management of long-lived organisms. Amer. Zool., 34: 397-408.4020140201138221false1Ernst, C. 1983. *Clemmys guttata* (spotted turtle) X *Clemmys muhlenbergii* (bog turtle): natural hybrid. Herpetol. Rev., 14: 75.4021140211138221false1Ernst, C., J. Lovich, R. Barbour. 1994. Turtles of the United States and Canada. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.4022140221138221false1Ernst, C. 1970. Reproduction in *Clemmys guttata*. Herpetologica, 26: 228-232.4023140231138221false1Ewert, M., C. Nelson. 1991. Sex determination in turtles: Diverse patterns and some possible adaptive values. Copeia, 1991: 50-69.4024140241138221false1Feldman, C., J. Parham. 2001. Molecular systematics of emydine turtles.. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 4(1): 194-198.4025140251138221false1Feldman, C., J. Parham. 2002. A molecular phylogeny for emydine turtles: taxonomic revision and the evolution of shell kinesis.. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 22(3): 388-398.4026140261138221false1Holman, J., U. Fritz. 2001. A new emydine species from the Middle Miocene (Barstovian) of Nebraska, USA with a new generic arrangement for the species of Clemmys sensu McDowell (1964) (Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae).. Zoologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden, 51: 331-354.4027140271138221false1Klemens, M. 1993. Amphibians and reptiles of Connecticut and Adjacent Regions. Hartford: Bull. 112. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey of Connecticut.4028140281138221false1Levell, J. 1997. A Field Guide to Reptiles and the Law (2nd ed.). Lanesboro, Minnesota: Serpent's Tale Natural History Books Distributors.4029140291138221false1Litzgus, J., R. Brooks. 2000. Habitat and temperature selection of *Clemmys guttata*in a northern population. Journ. of Herpetology, 34(2): 178-185.4030140301138221false11. IUCN Red List (February, 2008) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68628616862861421094false12. Litzgus, J.D. (2004) <i>Status Report on the Spotted Turtle, Clemmys guttata</i>. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON. Available at <a href="http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-382-2004E.pdf">http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-382-2004E.pdf</a>69513216951321421094false13. Ernst, C., Lovich, J. and Barbour, R. (1994) <i>Turtles of the United States and Canada</i>. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.69513316951331421094false14. Centre for Reptile and Amphibian Conservation and Management: Spotted Turtle Fact Sheet (November, 2006) <a href="http://herpcenter.ipfw.edu/outreach/accounts/reptiles/turtles/Spotted_turtle/SpottedTurtleFactSheet.pdf">http://herpcenter.ipfw.edu/outreach/accounts/reptiles/turtles/Spotted_turtle/SpottedTurtleFactSheet.pdf</a>69513416951341421094false15. Ernst, C.H., Altenburg, R.G.M. and Barbour, R.W. (1997) <i>Turtles of the World</i>. ETI Information Systems Ltd, Netherlands. Available at <a href="http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/turtles.php">http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/turtles.php</a>69513516951351421094false16. Trent University Biology Department: Kawartha Turtle Watch (February, 2008) <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20050221234448/www.trentu.ca/biology/turtlewatch/Spotted.htm">http://web.archive.org/web/20050221234448/www.trentu.ca/biology/turtlewatch/Spotted.htm</a>69513616951361421094false17. Canadian Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Network (February, 2008) <a href="http://www.carcnet.ca/english/reptiles/species_accounts/turtles/Clemmys/clemmys2.html">http://www.carcnet.ca/english/reptiles/species_accounts/turtles/Clemmys/clemmys2.html</a>69513716951371421094false18. Litzgus, J.D. and Mousseau, T.A. (2003) Multiple clutching in southern spotted turtles, <i>Clemmys guttata</i>. <i>Journal of Herpetology</i>, <b>37</b> (1): 17 - 23.69513816951381421094false19. Litzgus, J.D. and Brooks, R.J. (2000) Habitat and temperature selection of <i>Clemmys guttata</i> from a northern population. <i>Journal of Herpetology</i>, <b>34</b> (2): 178 - 185.69513916951391421094false110. Litzgus, J.D. (2006) Sex differences in longevity in the spotted turtle (<i>Clemmys guttata</i>). <i>Copeia</i>, <b>2006</b> (2): 281 - 288.69514016951401421094false111. Harding, J. (1997) <i>Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region</i>. University of Michigan Press, Michigan.69514116951411421094false112. Burke, V.J., Lovich, J.E. and Gibbons, J.W. (2000) Conservation of freshwater turtles. In: Klemens, M.K. Ed. <i>Turtle Conservation</i>. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.69514216951421421094false11. IUCN Red List (February, 2008) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68628616862862375607false12. Litzgus, J.D. (2004) <i>Status Report on the Spotted Turtle, Clemmys guttata</i>. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON. Available at <a href="http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-382-2004E.pdf">http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-382-2004E.pdf</a>69513216951322375607false13. Ernst, C., Lovich, J. and Barbour, R. (1994) <i>Turtles of the United States and Canada</i>. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.69513316951332375607false14. Centre for Reptile and Amphibian Conservation and Management: Spotted Turtle Fact Sheet (November, 2006) <a href="http://herpcenter.ipfw.edu/outreach/accounts/reptiles/turtles/Spotted_turtle/SpottedTurtleFactSheet.pdf">http://herpcenter.ipfw.edu/outreach/accounts/reptiles/turtles/Spotted_turtle/SpottedTurtleFactSheet.pdf</a>69513416951342375607false15. Ernst, C.H., Altenburg, R.G.M. and Barbour, R.W. (1997) <i>Turtles of the World</i>. ETI Information Systems Ltd, Netherlands. Available at <a href="http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/turtles.php">http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/turtles.php</a>69513516951352375607false16. Trent University Biology Department: Kawartha Turtle Watch (February, 2008) <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20050221234448/www.trentu.ca/biology/turtlewatch/Spotted.htm">http://web.archive.org/web/20050221234448/www.trentu.ca/biology/turtlewatch/Spotted.htm</a>69513616951362375607false17. Canadian Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Network (February, 2008) <a href="http://www.carcnet.ca/english/reptiles/species_accounts/turtles/Clemmys/clemmys2.html">http://www.carcnet.ca/english/reptiles/species_accounts/turtles/Clemmys/clemmys2.html</a>69513716951372375607false18. Litzgus, J.D. and Mousseau, T.A. (2003) Multiple clutching in southern spotted turtles, <i>Clemmys guttata</i>. <i>Journal of Herpetology</i>, <b>37</b> (1): 17 - 23.69513816951382375607false19. Litzgus, J.D. and Brooks, R.J. (2000) Habitat and temperature selection of <i>Clemmys guttata</i> from a northern population. <i>Journal of Herpetology</i>, <b>34</b> (2): 178 - 185.69513916951392375607false110. Litzgus, J.D. (2006) Sex differences in longevity in the spotted turtle (<i>Clemmys guttata</i>). <i>Copeia</i>, <b>2006</b> (2): 281 - 288.69514016951402375607false111. Harding, J. (1997) <i>Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region</i>. University of Michigan Press, Michigan.69514116951412375607false112. Burke, V.J., Lovich, J.E. and Gibbons, J.W. (2000) Conservation of freshwater turtles. In: Klemens, M.K. Ed. <i>Turtle Conservation</i>. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.69514216951422375607false11. IUCN Red List (February, 2008) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68628616862862453660false12. Litzgus, J.D. (2004) <i>Status Report on the Spotted Turtle, Clemmys guttata</i>. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON. Available at <a href="http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-382-2004E.pdf">http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-382-2004E.pdf</a>69513216951322453660false13. Ernst, C., Lovich, J. and Barbour, R. (1994) <i>Turtles of the United States and Canada</i>. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.69513316951332453660false14. Centre for Reptile and Amphibian Conservation and Management: Spotted Turtle Fact Sheet (November, 2006) <a href="http://herpcenter.ipfw.edu/outreach/accounts/reptiles/turtles/Spotted_turtle/SpottedTurtleFactSheet.pdf">http://herpcenter.ipfw.edu/outreach/accounts/reptiles/turtles/Spotted_turtle/SpottedTurtleFactSheet.pdf</a>69513416951342453660false15. Ernst, C.H., Altenburg, R.G.M. and Barbour, R.W. (1997) <i>Turtles of the World</i>. ETI Information Systems Ltd, Netherlands. Available at <a href="http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/turtles.php">http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/turtles.php</a>69513516951352453660false16. Trent University Biology Department: Kawartha Turtle Watch (February, 2008) <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20050221234448/www.trentu.ca/biology/turtlewatch/Spotted.htm">http://web.archive.org/web/20050221234448/www.trentu.ca/biology/turtlewatch/Spotted.htm</a>69513616951362453660false17. Canadian Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Network (February, 2008) <a href="http://www.carcnet.ca/english/reptiles/species_accounts/turtles/Clemmys/clemmys2.html">http://www.carcnet.ca/english/reptiles/species_accounts/turtles/Clemmys/clemmys2.html</a>69513716951372453660false18. Litzgus, J.D. and Mousseau, T.A. (2003) Multiple clutching in southern spotted turtles, <i>Clemmys guttata</i>. <i>Journal of Herpetology</i>, <b>37</b> (1): 17 - 23.69513816951382453660false19. Litzgus, J.D. and Brooks, R.J. (2000) Habitat and temperature selection of <i>Clemmys guttata</i> from a northern population. <i>Journal of Herpetology</i>, <b>34</b> (2): 178 - 185.69513916951392453660false110. Litzgus, J.D. (2006) Sex differences in longevity in the spotted turtle (<i>Clemmys guttata</i>). <i>Copeia</i>, <b>2006</b> (2): 281 - 288.69514016951402453660false111. Harding, J. (1997) <i>Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region</i>. University of Michigan Press, Michigan.69514116951412453660false112. Burke, V.J., Lovich, J.E. and Gibbons, J.W. (2000) Conservation of freshwater turtles. In: Klemens, M.K. Ed. <i>Turtle Conservation</i>. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.69514216951422453660false11. IUCN Red List (February, 2008) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68628616862862750212false12. Litzgus, J.D. (2004) <i>Status Report on the Spotted Turtle, Clemmys guttata</i>. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON. Available at <a href="http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-382-2004E.pdf">http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-382-2004E.pdf</a>69513216951322750212false13. Ernst, C., Lovich, J. and Barbour, R. (1994) <i>Turtles of the United States and Canada</i>. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.69513316951332750212false14. Centre for Reptile and Amphibian Conservation and Management: Spotted Turtle Fact Sheet (November, 2006) <a href="http://herpcenter.ipfw.edu/outreach/accounts/reptiles/turtles/Spotted_turtle/SpottedTurtleFactSheet.pdf">http://herpcenter.ipfw.edu/outreach/accounts/reptiles/turtles/Spotted_turtle/SpottedTurtleFactSheet.pdf</a>69513416951342750212false15. Ernst, C.H., Altenburg, R.G.M. and Barbour, R.W. (1997) <i>Turtles of the World</i>. ETI Information Systems Ltd, Netherlands. Available at <a href="http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/turtles.php">http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/turtles.php</a>69513516951352750212false16. Trent University Biology Department: Kawartha Turtle Watch (February, 2008) <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20050221234448/www.trentu.ca/biology/turtlewatch/Spotted.htm">http://web.archive.org/web/20050221234448/www.trentu.ca/biology/turtlewatch/Spotted.htm</a>69513616951362750212false17. Canadian Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Network (February, 2008) <a href="http://www.carcnet.ca/english/reptiles/species_accounts/turtles/Clemmys/clemmys2.html">http://www.carcnet.ca/english/reptiles/species_accounts/turtles/Clemmys/clemmys2.html</a>69513716951372750212false18. Litzgus, J.D. and Mousseau, T.A. (2003) Multiple clutching in southern spotted turtles, <i>Clemmys guttata</i>. <i>Journal of Herpetology</i>, <b>37</b> (1): 17 - 23.69513816951382750212false19. Litzgus, J.D. and Brooks, R.J. (2000) Habitat and temperature selection of <i>Clemmys guttata</i> from a northern population. <i>Journal of Herpetology</i>, <b>34</b> (2): 178 - 185.69513916951392750212false110. Litzgus, J.D. (2006) Sex differences in longevity in the spotted turtle (<i>Clemmys guttata</i>). <i>Copeia</i>, <b>2006</b> (2): 281 - 288.69514016951402750212false111. Harding, J. (1997) <i>Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region</i>. University of Michigan Press, Michigan.69514116951412750212false112. Burke, V.J., Lovich, J.E. and Gibbons, J.W. (2000) Conservation of freshwater turtles. In: Klemens, M.K. Ed. <i>Turtle Conservation</i>. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.69514216951422750212false11. IUCN Red List (February, 2008) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68628616862862890996false12. Litzgus, J.D. (2004) <i>Status Report on the Spotted Turtle, Clemmys guttata</i>. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON. Available at <a href="http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-382-2004E.pdf">http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-382-2004E.pdf</a>69513216951322890996false13. Ernst, C., Lovich, J. and Barbour, R. (1994) <i>Turtles of the United States and Canada</i>. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.69513316951332890996false14. Centre for Reptile and Amphibian Conservation and Management: Spotted Turtle Fact Sheet (November, 2006) <a href="http://herpcenter.ipfw.edu/outreach/accounts/reptiles/turtles/Spotted_turtle/SpottedTurtleFactSheet.pdf">http://herpcenter.ipfw.edu/outreach/accounts/reptiles/turtles/Spotted_turtle/SpottedTurtleFactSheet.pdf</a>69513416951342890996false15. Ernst, C.H., Altenburg, R.G.M. and Barbour, R.W. (1997) <i>Turtles of the World</i>. ETI Information Systems Ltd, Netherlands. Available at <a href="http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/turtles.php">http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/turtles.php</a>69513516951352890996false16. Trent University Biology Department: Kawartha Turtle Watch (February, 2008) <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20050221234448/www.trentu.ca/biology/turtlewatch/Spotted.htm">http://web.archive.org/web/20050221234448/www.trentu.ca/biology/turtlewatch/Spotted.htm</a>69513616951362890996false17. Canadian Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Network (February, 2008) <a href="http://www.carcnet.ca/english/reptiles/species_accounts/turtles/Clemmys/clemmys2.html">http://www.carcnet.ca/english/reptiles/species_accounts/turtles/Clemmys/clemmys2.html</a>69513716951372890996false18. Litzgus, J.D. and Mousseau, T.A. (2003) Multiple clutching in southern spotted turtles, <i>Clemmys guttata</i>. <i>Journal of Herpetology</i>, <b>37</b> (1): 17 - 23.69513816951382890996false19. Litzgus, J.D. and Brooks, R.J. (2000) Habitat and temperature selection of <i>Clemmys guttata</i> from a northern population. <i>Journal of Herpetology</i>, <b>34</b> (2): 178 - 185.69513916951392890996false110. Litzgus, J.D. (2006) Sex differences in longevity in the spotted turtle (<i>Clemmys guttata</i>). <i>Copeia</i>, <b>2006</b> (2): 281 - 288.69514016951402890996false111. Harding, J. (1997) <i>Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region</i>. University of Michigan Press, Michigan.69514116951412890996false112. Burke, V.J., Lovich, J.E. and Gibbons, J.W. (2000) Conservation of freshwater turtles. In: Klemens, M.K. Ed. <i>Turtle Conservation</i>. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.69514216951422890996false11. IUCN Red List (February, 2008) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68628616862863240660false12. Litzgus, J.D. (2004) <i>Status Report on the Spotted Turtle, Clemmys guttata</i>. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON. Available at <a href="http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-382-2004E.pdf">http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-382-2004E.pdf</a>69513216951323240660false13. Ernst, C., Lovich, J. and Barbour, R. (1994) <i>Turtles of the United States and Canada</i>. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.69513316951333240660false14. Centre for Reptile and Amphibian Conservation and Management: Spotted Turtle Fact Sheet (November, 2006) <a href="http://herpcenter.ipfw.edu/outreach/accounts/reptiles/turtles/Spotted_turtle/SpottedTurtleFactSheet.pdf">http://herpcenter.ipfw.edu/outreach/accounts/reptiles/turtles/Spotted_turtle/SpottedTurtleFactSheet.pdf</a>69513416951343240660false15. Ernst, C.H., Altenburg, R.G.M. and Barbour, R.W. (1997) <i>Turtles of the World</i>. ETI Information Systems Ltd, Netherlands. Available at <a href="http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/turtles.php">http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/turtles.php</a>69513516951353240660false16. Trent University Biology Department: Kawartha Turtle Watch (February, 2008) <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20050221234448/www.trentu.ca/biology/turtlewatch/Spotted.htm">http://web.archive.org/web/20050221234448/www.trentu.ca/biology/turtlewatch/Spotted.htm</a>69513616951363240660false17. Canadian Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Network (February, 2008) <a href="http://www.carcnet.ca/english/reptiles/species_accounts/turtles/Clemmys/clemmys2.html">http://www.carcnet.ca/english/reptiles/species_accounts/turtles/Clemmys/clemmys2.html</a>69513716951373240660false18. Litzgus, J.D. and Mousseau, T.A. (2003) Multiple clutching in southern spotted turtles, <i>Clemmys guttata</i>. <i>Journal of Herpetology</i>, <b>37</b> (1): 17 - 23.69513816951383240660false19. Litzgus, J.D. and Brooks, R.J. (2000) Habitat and temperature selection of <i>Clemmys guttata</i> from a northern population. <i>Journal of Herpetology</i>, <b>34</b> (2): 178 - 185.69513916951393240660false110. Litzgus, J.D. (2006) Sex differences in longevity in the spotted turtle (<i>Clemmys guttata</i>). <i>Copeia</i>, <b>2006</b> (2): 281 - 288.69514016951403240660false111. Harding, J. (1997) <i>Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region</i>. University of Michigan Press, Michigan.69514116951413240660false112. Burke, V.J., Lovich, J.E. and Gibbons, J.W. (2000) Conservation of freshwater turtles. In: Klemens, M.K. Ed. <i>Turtle Conservation</i>. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.69514216951423240660false11. IUCN Red List (February, 2008) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68628616862863653477false12. Litzgus, J.D. (2004) <i>Status Report on the Spotted Turtle, Clemmys guttata</i>. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON. Available at <a href="http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-382-2004E.pdf">http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-382-2004E.pdf</a>69513216951323653477false13. Ernst, C., Lovich, J. and Barbour, R. (1994) <i>Turtles of the United States and Canada</i>. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.69513316951333653477false14. Centre for Reptile and Amphibian Conservation and Management: Spotted Turtle Fact Sheet (November, 2006) <a href="http://herpcenter.ipfw.edu/outreach/accounts/reptiles/turtles/Spotted_turtle/SpottedTurtleFactSheet.pdf">http://herpcenter.ipfw.edu/outreach/accounts/reptiles/turtles/Spotted_turtle/SpottedTurtleFactSheet.pdf</a>69513416951343653477false15. Ernst, C.H., Altenburg, R.G.M. and Barbour, R.W. (1997) <i>Turtles of the World</i>. ETI Information Systems Ltd, Netherlands. Available at <a href="http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/turtles.php">http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/turtles.php</a>69513516951353653477false16. Trent University Biology Department: Kawartha Turtle Watch (February, 2008) <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20050221234448/www.trentu.ca/biology/turtlewatch/Spotted.htm">http://web.archive.org/web/20050221234448/www.trentu.ca/biology/turtlewatch/Spotted.htm</a>69513616951363653477false17. Canadian Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Network (February, 2008) <a href="http://www.carcnet.ca/english/reptiles/species_accounts/turtles/Clemmys/clemmys2.html">http://www.carcnet.ca/english/reptiles/species_accounts/turtles/Clemmys/clemmys2.html</a>69513716951373653477false18. Litzgus, J.D. and Mousseau, T.A. (2003) Multiple clutching in southern spotted turtles, <i>Clemmys guttata</i>. <i>Journal of Herpetology</i>, <b>37</b> (1): 17 - 23.69513816951383653477false19. Litzgus, J.D. and Brooks, R.J. (2000) Habitat and temperature selection of <i>Clemmys guttata</i> from a northern population. <i>Journal of Herpetology</i>, <b>34</b> (2): 178 - 185.69513916951393653477false110. Litzgus, J.D. (2006) Sex differences in longevity in the spotted turtle (<i>Clemmys guttata</i>). <i>Copeia</i>, <b>2006</b> (2): 281 - 288.69514016951403653477false111. Harding, J. (1997) <i>Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region</i>. University of Michigan Press, Michigan.69514116951413653477false112. Burke, V.J., Lovich, J.E. and Gibbons, J.W. (2000) Conservation of freshwater turtles. In: Klemens, M.K. Ed. <i>Turtle Conservation</i>. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.69514216951423653477false11. IUCN Red List (February, 2008) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>68628616862864023975false12. Litzgus, J.D. (2004) <i>Status Report on the Spotted Turtle, Clemmys guttata</i>. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON. Available at <a href="http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-382-2004E.pdf">http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-382-2004E.pdf</a>69513216951324023975false13. Ernst, C., Lovich, J. and Barbour, R. (1994) <i>Turtles of the United States and Canada</i>. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.69513316951334023975false14. Centre for Reptile and Amphibian Conservation and Management: Spotted Turtle Fact Sheet (November, 2006) <a href="http://herpcenter.ipfw.edu/outreach/accounts/reptiles/turtles/Spotted_turtle/SpottedTurtleFactSheet.pdf">http://herpcenter.ipfw.edu/outreach/accounts/reptiles/turtles/Spotted_turtle/SpottedTurtleFactSheet.pdf</a>69513416951344023975false15. Ernst, C.H., Altenburg, R.G.M. and Barbour, R.W. (1997) <i>Turtles of the World</i>. ETI Information Systems Ltd, Netherlands. Available at <a href="http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/turtles.php">http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/turtles.php</a>69513516951354023975false16. Trent University Biology Department: Kawartha Turtle Watch (February, 2008) <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20050221234448/www.trentu.ca/biology/turtlewatch/Spotted.htm">http://web.archive.org/web/20050221234448/www.trentu.ca/biology/turtlewatch/Spotted.htm</a>69513616951364023975false17. Canadian Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Network (February, 2008) <a href="http://www.carcnet.ca/english/reptiles/species_accounts/turtles/Clemmys/clemmys2.html">http://www.carcnet.ca/english/reptiles/species_accounts/turtles/Clemmys/clemmys2.html</a>69513716951374023975false18. Litzgus, J.D. and Mousseau, T.A. (2003) Multiple clutching in southern spotted turtles, <i>Clemmys guttata</i>. <i>Journal of Herpetology</i>, <b>37</b> (1): 17 - 23.69513816951384023975false19. Litzgus, J.D. and Brooks, R.J. (2000) Habitat and temperature selection of <i>Clemmys guttata</i> from a northern population. <i>Journal of Herpetology</i>, <b>34</b> (2): 178 - 185.69513916951394023975false110. Litzgus, J.D. (2006) Sex differences in longevity in the spotted turtle (<i>Clemmys guttata</i>). <i>Copeia</i>, <b>2006</b> (2): 281 - 288.69514016951404023975false111. Harding, J. (1997) <i>Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region</i>. University of Michigan Press, Michigan.69514116951414023975false112. Burke, V.J., Lovich, J.E. and Gibbons, J.W. (2000) Conservation of freshwater turtles. In: Klemens, M.K. Ed. <i>Turtle Conservation</i>. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.69514216951424023975false1New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (Online source)73081017308102392767false1Partners in Amphibian And Reptile Conservation: Northeast Working Group (Online source)73084717308472392767false1Spotted turtles spend the winter hibernating, sometimes communally, usually on the muddy bottoms of fairly shallow waterways characterised by a slow, steady flow of water (6). Individuals are most commonly seen in spring when basking on logs, stumps, grass mats and tussocks, or searching for nest sites (2) (6) (7). Courtship and mating activity begins soon after emergence from winter dormancy, with copulation usually occurring in shallow waters (3), and typically involving the male chasing the female, often nipping her legs and shell margins (6). Multiple males may also fight with each other for the right to court a single female (6). Breeding can occur throughout the active season, but peaks in late May to early June (2), and sperm is stored until needed to fertilize the eggs (7). Nesting occurs from mid- to late June, primarily at night (2). Clutches of two to seven eggs are deposited in a nest dug in sand or soft soil on rocky outcrops, in a sunny location (2). The number of clutches laid each year varies with latitude; in the north, less than one clutch per year is laid, while up to three clutches per year are laid in the south (8). The natural incubation period may last 73 to 83 days (5), with faster development at higher temperatures (3). Most young emerge from their nests in August or September, but overwintering in the nest has been reported (3) (5). The sex of hatchlings is determined by nest temperature, with cooler temperatures producing mostly males and warmer temperatures producing females (2). Meanwhile, the adults often aestivate in the mud bottom of waterways or in muskrat burrows or lodges during the hot summer months (5). It is not known exactly why these turtles aestivate, but it may be related to declines in food abundance, to avoid desiccation or to avoid predation (9). Come late October or early November, spotted turtles typically return to flooded puddles and ponds once more to over winter under the ice until late February or late April, depending on latitude (6).</p><p>Spotted turtles have the potential to live up to 65 years for males and 110 years for females, but these small turtles are highly vulnerable to predation (10). When threatened they will quickly dive into the water and bury themselves in the bottom mud (11). During the winter hibernation period, muskrats are the primary predator (11).</p><p>Spotted turtles feed on a variety of plant and animal foods, most of which are taken in the water. Animal matter forms the bulk of the diet and includes worms, slugs, snails, crustaceans, adult and larval insects, frogs, tadpoles and fish carrion, supplemented by algae, leaves, soft aquatic plants and water lily seeds (2) (3) (6).44a66987fb7b1d715b72f3a3fb5314bf2613572WildscreenCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008ARKiveCopyrightCopyright Wildscreen 2003-2008. Some rights reservedhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/SupplierARKivehttp://www.arkive.org/5978arkiveLocationSource URLView original data objecthttp://www.arkive.org/spotted-turtle/clemmys-guttata/CitationEnglishcc-by-nc-sa 3.0Texthttp://content1.eol.org/content_large.jpghttp://content2.eol.org/content_medium.jpghttp://content3.eol.org/content_small.jpg13290302267232704204129783328662512953009717226298227131AnimaliaNOT EVALUATEDAnimalia694ChordataNOT EVALUATEDChordata1703ReptiliaNOT EVALUATEDReptilia8120TestudinesNOT EVALUATEDTestudines8127EmydidaeNOT EVALUATEDEmydidae35255ClemmysNOT EVALUATEDClemmys1056844Clemmys guttataVulnerable (VU)<i>Clemmys guttata</i> SCHNEIDER 1792Portland State University, MA Education
7klansBA Physics - Johns Hopkins University
MS Education - Johns Hopkins University
ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia
10peterPh.D., University of Bristol (1976)
D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
11paddyAsst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 200520470jhammockUniversity of Michigan, PhD 1997
Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America.25567csparr33422mstuderPostdoctoral Research Associate
Biodiversity Synthesis Center34318parhamCurator of Zoology (Fishes), Field Museum of Natural History34360mwestneatEOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universität Berlin 198935200KatjaWilliam Miller, PhD
Assistant Professor
Baker University
Dept. of Biology
PO Box 65
Baldwin city, Kansas
66006-0065
35243WMillerUniversity of California Berkeley
35508tucoProfessor, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University. CV: http://www.eeb.cornell.edu/greene/GreeneCV.html35534HarryGreene36197MarthaTestuserActive Member of Wildlife society of Africa, herpetological society of southern Africa and general manager and curator of reptile research and information center (Zebra Country lodge, Cullinan district Pretoria)37046Vaughanfaculty, Department of Biology
University of Miami
Coral Gables, Fl 33124
AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi
http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html38707ksealeyEmeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin
Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.
Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.
Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.
Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D. (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.
Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.39544jrynoldsAffiliated with EOL Species Pages Group39552lshapiroCurator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum)
Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. & Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow & Rob van Soest. PDf and website40160BernardPicton070