<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<taxon-page>
  <id type="integer">328822</id>
  <canonical-form>Megaderma spasma</canonical-form>
  <iucn-conservation-status>Least Concern (LC)</iucn-conservation-status>
  <scientific-name>&lt;i&gt;Megaderma spasma&lt;/i&gt; (Linnaeus, 1758)</scientific-name>
  <common-names>
    <item>
      <language_label></language_label>
      <string>Lesser False Vampire Bat</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>cs</language_label>
      <string>megaderma mal&#225;</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>en</language_label>
      <string>Lesser False Vampire Bat</string>
    </item>
    <item>
      <language_label>nl</language_label>
      <string>Reuzenoorvleermuis</string>
    </item>
  </common-names>
  <taxa>
    <refs type="array">
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Nowak, Ronald M., and Paradiso, John L. 1983. Walker's Mammals of the World, 4th Edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">5907</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">5907</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">325853</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Hill, John E., and Smith, James D. 1984. Bats, A Natural History. Copyright by Hill and Smith.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">10211</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">10211</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">325853</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
    </refs>
    <refs type="array">
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Nowak, Ronald M., and Paradiso, John L. 1983. Walker's Mammals of the World, 4th Edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">5907</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">5907</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1075720</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Hill, John E., and Smith, James D. 1984. Bats, A Natural History. Copyright by Hill and Smith.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">10211</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">10211</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1075720</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
    </refs>
    <refs type="array">
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Nowak, Ronald M., and Paradiso, John L. 1983. Walker's Mammals of the World, 4th Edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">5907</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">5907</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1139558</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>Hill, John E., and Smith, James D. 1984. Bats, A Natural History. Copyright by Hill and Smith.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">10211</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">10211</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1139558</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
    </refs>
    <nil-classes type="array"/>
    <refs type="array">
      <ref>
        <full-reference>2. Kingston, T. (2005) &lt;i&gt;Pers. Comm.&lt;/i&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690287</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690287</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420262</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>1. IUCN Red List  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.redlist.org&quot;&gt;http://www.redlist.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690826</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690826</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420262</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>3. Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. (1992) &lt;i&gt;The Mammals of the Indomalayan Region: a systematic review&lt;/i&gt;. Oxford University Press, Oxford.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690827</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690827</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420262</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>4. Nor, S. (1996) The Mammalian Fauna on the islands at the Northern Tip of Sabah, Borneo. &lt;i&gt;Fieldiana &#8211; Zoology&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;83&lt;/b&gt;: 17 - 28.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690828</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690828</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420262</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>6. Davison, G.W.H. and Zubaid, A. (1992) Food habits of the lesser false vampire, &lt;i&gt;Megaderma spasma&lt;/i&gt;, from Kuala Lompat, Peninsular Malaysia. &lt;i&gt;Zeitschrift f&#252;r S&#228;ugetierkunde&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;57&lt;/b&gt; (5): 310 - 312.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691350</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691350</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420262</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>5. French, B. (1997) False Vampires and Other Carnivores. &lt;i&gt;Bats&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;15&lt;/b&gt; (2): 11 - 14.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691792</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691792</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420262</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>7. Animal Diversity Web  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu&quot;&gt;http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691793</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691793</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420262</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>8. Lincoln Park Zoo  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lpzoo.org&quot;&gt;http://www.lpzoo.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691794</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691794</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420262</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>9. Altringham, J. (2001) &lt;i&gt;Bats: Biology and Behaviour&lt;/i&gt;. Oxford University Press, Oxford.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691795</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691795</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420262</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>10. Europa World  (January, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.europaworld.org/issue66/swisspalm25102.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.europaworld.org/issue66/swisspalm25102.htm&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691796</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691796</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420262</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>11. Maltby, A. (2005) &lt;i&gt;Pers. Comm.&lt;/i&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691797</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691797</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">1420262</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
    </refs>
    <refs type="array">
      <ref>
        <full-reference>2. Kingston, T. (2005) &lt;i&gt;Pers. Comm.&lt;/i&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690287</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690287</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2375446</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>1. IUCN Red List  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.redlist.org&quot;&gt;http://www.redlist.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690826</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690826</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2375446</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>3. Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. (1992) &lt;i&gt;The Mammals of the Indomalayan Region: a systematic review&lt;/i&gt;. Oxford University Press, Oxford.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690827</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690827</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2375446</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>4. Nor, S. (1996) The Mammalian Fauna on the islands at the Northern Tip of Sabah, Borneo. &lt;i&gt;Fieldiana &#8211; Zoology&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;83&lt;/b&gt;: 17 - 28.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690828</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690828</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2375446</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>6. Davison, G.W.H. and Zubaid, A. (1992) Food habits of the lesser false vampire, &lt;i&gt;Megaderma spasma&lt;/i&gt;, from Kuala Lompat, Peninsular Malaysia. &lt;i&gt;Zeitschrift f&#252;r S&#228;ugetierkunde&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;57&lt;/b&gt; (5): 310 - 312.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691350</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691350</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2375446</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>5. French, B. (1997) False Vampires and Other Carnivores. &lt;i&gt;Bats&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;15&lt;/b&gt; (2): 11 - 14.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691792</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691792</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2375446</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>7. Animal Diversity Web  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu&quot;&gt;http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691793</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691793</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2375446</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>8. Lincoln Park Zoo  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lpzoo.org&quot;&gt;http://www.lpzoo.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691794</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691794</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2375446</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>9. Altringham, J. (2001) &lt;i&gt;Bats: Biology and Behaviour&lt;/i&gt;. Oxford University Press, Oxford.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691795</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691795</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2375446</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>10. Europa World  (January, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.europaworld.org/issue66/swisspalm25102.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.europaworld.org/issue66/swisspalm25102.htm&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691796</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691796</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2375446</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>11. Maltby, A. (2005) &lt;i&gt;Pers. Comm.&lt;/i&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691797</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691797</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2375446</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
    </refs>
    <refs type="array">
      <ref>
        <full-reference>2. Kingston, T. (2005) &lt;i&gt;Pers. Comm.&lt;/i&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690287</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690287</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2453499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>1. IUCN Red List  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.redlist.org&quot;&gt;http://www.redlist.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690826</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690826</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2453499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>3. Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. (1992) &lt;i&gt;The Mammals of the Indomalayan Region: a systematic review&lt;/i&gt;. Oxford University Press, Oxford.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690827</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690827</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2453499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>4. Nor, S. (1996) The Mammalian Fauna on the islands at the Northern Tip of Sabah, Borneo. &lt;i&gt;Fieldiana &#8211; Zoology&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;83&lt;/b&gt;: 17 - 28.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690828</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690828</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2453499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>6. Davison, G.W.H. and Zubaid, A. (1992) Food habits of the lesser false vampire, &lt;i&gt;Megaderma spasma&lt;/i&gt;, from Kuala Lompat, Peninsular Malaysia. &lt;i&gt;Zeitschrift f&#252;r S&#228;ugetierkunde&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;57&lt;/b&gt; (5): 310 - 312.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691350</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691350</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2453499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>5. French, B. (1997) False Vampires and Other Carnivores. &lt;i&gt;Bats&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;15&lt;/b&gt; (2): 11 - 14.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691792</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691792</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2453499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>7. Animal Diversity Web  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu&quot;&gt;http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691793</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691793</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2453499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>8. Lincoln Park Zoo  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lpzoo.org&quot;&gt;http://www.lpzoo.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691794</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691794</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2453499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>9. Altringham, J. (2001) &lt;i&gt;Bats: Biology and Behaviour&lt;/i&gt;. Oxford University Press, Oxford.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691795</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691795</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2453499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>10. Europa World  (January, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.europaworld.org/issue66/swisspalm25102.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.europaworld.org/issue66/swisspalm25102.htm&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691796</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691796</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2453499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>11. Maltby, A. (2005) &lt;i&gt;Pers. Comm.&lt;/i&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691797</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691797</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2453499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
    </refs>
    <refs type="array">
      <ref>
        <full-reference>2. Kingston, T. (2005) &lt;i&gt;Pers. Comm.&lt;/i&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690287</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690287</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2750051</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>1. IUCN Red List  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.redlist.org&quot;&gt;http://www.redlist.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690826</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690826</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2750051</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>3. Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. (1992) &lt;i&gt;The Mammals of the Indomalayan Region: a systematic review&lt;/i&gt;. Oxford University Press, Oxford.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690827</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690827</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2750051</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>4. Nor, S. (1996) The Mammalian Fauna on the islands at the Northern Tip of Sabah, Borneo. &lt;i&gt;Fieldiana &#8211; Zoology&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;83&lt;/b&gt;: 17 - 28.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690828</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690828</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2750051</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>6. Davison, G.W.H. and Zubaid, A. (1992) Food habits of the lesser false vampire, &lt;i&gt;Megaderma spasma&lt;/i&gt;, from Kuala Lompat, Peninsular Malaysia. &lt;i&gt;Zeitschrift f&#252;r S&#228;ugetierkunde&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;57&lt;/b&gt; (5): 310 - 312.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691350</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691350</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2750051</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>5. French, B. (1997) False Vampires and Other Carnivores. &lt;i&gt;Bats&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;15&lt;/b&gt; (2): 11 - 14.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691792</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691792</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2750051</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>7. Animal Diversity Web  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu&quot;&gt;http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691793</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691793</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2750051</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>8. Lincoln Park Zoo  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lpzoo.org&quot;&gt;http://www.lpzoo.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691794</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691794</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2750051</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>9. Altringham, J. (2001) &lt;i&gt;Bats: Biology and Behaviour&lt;/i&gt;. Oxford University Press, Oxford.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691795</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691795</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2750051</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>10. Europa World  (January, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.europaworld.org/issue66/swisspalm25102.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.europaworld.org/issue66/swisspalm25102.htm&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691796</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691796</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2750051</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>11. Maltby, A. (2005) &lt;i&gt;Pers. Comm.&lt;/i&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691797</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691797</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2750051</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
    </refs>
    <refs type="array">
      <ref>
        <full-reference>2. Kingston, T. (2005) &lt;i&gt;Pers. Comm.&lt;/i&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690287</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690287</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2890835</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>1. IUCN Red List  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.redlist.org&quot;&gt;http://www.redlist.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690826</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690826</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2890835</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>3. Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. (1992) &lt;i&gt;The Mammals of the Indomalayan Region: a systematic review&lt;/i&gt;. Oxford University Press, Oxford.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690827</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690827</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2890835</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>4. Nor, S. (1996) The Mammalian Fauna on the islands at the Northern Tip of Sabah, Borneo. &lt;i&gt;Fieldiana &#8211; Zoology&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;83&lt;/b&gt;: 17 - 28.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690828</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690828</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2890835</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>6. Davison, G.W.H. and Zubaid, A. (1992) Food habits of the lesser false vampire, &lt;i&gt;Megaderma spasma&lt;/i&gt;, from Kuala Lompat, Peninsular Malaysia. &lt;i&gt;Zeitschrift f&#252;r S&#228;ugetierkunde&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;57&lt;/b&gt; (5): 310 - 312.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691350</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691350</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2890835</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>5. French, B. (1997) False Vampires and Other Carnivores. &lt;i&gt;Bats&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;15&lt;/b&gt; (2): 11 - 14.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691792</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691792</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2890835</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>7. Animal Diversity Web  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu&quot;&gt;http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691793</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691793</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2890835</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>8. Lincoln Park Zoo  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lpzoo.org&quot;&gt;http://www.lpzoo.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691794</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691794</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2890835</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>9. Altringham, J. (2001) &lt;i&gt;Bats: Biology and Behaviour&lt;/i&gt;. Oxford University Press, Oxford.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691795</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691795</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2890835</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>10. Europa World  (January, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.europaworld.org/issue66/swisspalm25102.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.europaworld.org/issue66/swisspalm25102.htm&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691796</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691796</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2890835</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>11. Maltby, A. (2005) &lt;i&gt;Pers. Comm.&lt;/i&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691797</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691797</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">2890835</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
    </refs>
    <refs type="array">
      <ref>
        <full-reference>2. Kingston, T. (2005) &lt;i&gt;Pers. Comm.&lt;/i&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690287</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690287</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3240499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>1. IUCN Red List  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.redlist.org&quot;&gt;http://www.redlist.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690826</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690826</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3240499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>3. Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. (1992) &lt;i&gt;The Mammals of the Indomalayan Region: a systematic review&lt;/i&gt;. Oxford University Press, Oxford.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690827</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690827</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3240499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>4. Nor, S. (1996) The Mammalian Fauna on the islands at the Northern Tip of Sabah, Borneo. &lt;i&gt;Fieldiana &#8211; Zoology&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;83&lt;/b&gt;: 17 - 28.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690828</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690828</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3240499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>6. Davison, G.W.H. and Zubaid, A. (1992) Food habits of the lesser false vampire, &lt;i&gt;Megaderma spasma&lt;/i&gt;, from Kuala Lompat, Peninsular Malaysia. &lt;i&gt;Zeitschrift f&#252;r S&#228;ugetierkunde&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;57&lt;/b&gt; (5): 310 - 312.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691350</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691350</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3240499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>5. French, B. (1997) False Vampires and Other Carnivores. &lt;i&gt;Bats&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;15&lt;/b&gt; (2): 11 - 14.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691792</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691792</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3240499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>7. Animal Diversity Web  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu&quot;&gt;http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691793</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691793</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3240499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>8. Lincoln Park Zoo  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lpzoo.org&quot;&gt;http://www.lpzoo.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691794</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691794</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3240499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>9. Altringham, J. (2001) &lt;i&gt;Bats: Biology and Behaviour&lt;/i&gt;. Oxford University Press, Oxford.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691795</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691795</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3240499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>10. Europa World  (January, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.europaworld.org/issue66/swisspalm25102.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.europaworld.org/issue66/swisspalm25102.htm&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691796</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691796</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3240499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>11. Maltby, A. (2005) &lt;i&gt;Pers. Comm.&lt;/i&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691797</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691797</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3240499</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
    </refs>
    <refs type="array">
      <ref>
        <full-reference>2. Kingston, T. (2005) &lt;i&gt;Pers. Comm.&lt;/i&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690287</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690287</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3653316</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>1. IUCN Red List  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.redlist.org&quot;&gt;http://www.redlist.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690826</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690826</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3653316</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>3. Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. (1992) &lt;i&gt;The Mammals of the Indomalayan Region: a systematic review&lt;/i&gt;. Oxford University Press, Oxford.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690827</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690827</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3653316</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>4. Nor, S. (1996) The Mammalian Fauna on the islands at the Northern Tip of Sabah, Borneo. &lt;i&gt;Fieldiana &#8211; Zoology&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;83&lt;/b&gt;: 17 - 28.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690828</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690828</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3653316</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>6. Davison, G.W.H. and Zubaid, A. (1992) Food habits of the lesser false vampire, &lt;i&gt;Megaderma spasma&lt;/i&gt;, from Kuala Lompat, Peninsular Malaysia. &lt;i&gt;Zeitschrift f&#252;r S&#228;ugetierkunde&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;57&lt;/b&gt; (5): 310 - 312.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691350</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691350</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3653316</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>5. French, B. (1997) False Vampires and Other Carnivores. &lt;i&gt;Bats&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;15&lt;/b&gt; (2): 11 - 14.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691792</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691792</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3653316</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>7. Animal Diversity Web  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu&quot;&gt;http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691793</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691793</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3653316</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>8. Lincoln Park Zoo  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lpzoo.org&quot;&gt;http://www.lpzoo.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691794</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691794</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3653316</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>9. Altringham, J. (2001) &lt;i&gt;Bats: Biology and Behaviour&lt;/i&gt;. Oxford University Press, Oxford.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691795</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691795</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3653316</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>10. Europa World  (January, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.europaworld.org/issue66/swisspalm25102.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.europaworld.org/issue66/swisspalm25102.htm&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691796</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691796</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3653316</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>11. Maltby, A. (2005) &lt;i&gt;Pers. Comm.&lt;/i&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691797</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691797</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">3653316</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
    </refs>
    <refs type="array">
      <ref>
        <full-reference>2. Kingston, T. (2005) &lt;i&gt;Pers. Comm.&lt;/i&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690287</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690287</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">4023807</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>1. IUCN Red List  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.redlist.org&quot;&gt;http://www.redlist.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690826</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690826</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">4023807</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>3. Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. (1992) &lt;i&gt;The Mammals of the Indomalayan Region: a systematic review&lt;/i&gt;. Oxford University Press, Oxford.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690827</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690827</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">4023807</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>4. Nor, S. (1996) The Mammalian Fauna on the islands at the Northern Tip of Sabah, Borneo. &lt;i&gt;Fieldiana &#8211; Zoology&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;83&lt;/b&gt;: 17 - 28.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">690828</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">690828</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">4023807</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>6. Davison, G.W.H. and Zubaid, A. (1992) Food habits of the lesser false vampire, &lt;i&gt;Megaderma spasma&lt;/i&gt;, from Kuala Lompat, Peninsular Malaysia. &lt;i&gt;Zeitschrift f&#252;r S&#228;ugetierkunde&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;57&lt;/b&gt; (5): 310 - 312.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691350</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691350</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">4023807</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>5. French, B. (1997) False Vampires and Other Carnivores. &lt;i&gt;Bats&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;15&lt;/b&gt; (2): 11 - 14.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691792</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691792</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">4023807</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>7. Animal Diversity Web  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu&quot;&gt;http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691793</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691793</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">4023807</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>8. Lincoln Park Zoo  (December, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lpzoo.org&quot;&gt;http://www.lpzoo.org&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691794</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691794</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">4023807</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>9. Altringham, J. (2001) &lt;i&gt;Bats: Biology and Behaviour&lt;/i&gt;. Oxford University Press, Oxford.</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691795</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691795</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">4023807</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>10. Europa World  (January, 2005) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.europaworld.org/issue66/swisspalm25102.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.europaworld.org/issue66/swisspalm25102.htm&lt;/a&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691796</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691796</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">4023807</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
      <ref>
        <full-reference>11. Maltby, A. (2005) &lt;i&gt;Pers. Comm.&lt;/i&gt;</full-reference>
        <id type="integer">691797</id>
        <published type="integer">1</published>
        <ref-id type="NilClass">691797</ref-id>
        <taxon-id type="NilClass">4023807</taxon-id>
        <user-submitted type="boolean">false</user-submitted>
        <visibility-id type="integer">1</visibility-id>
      </ref>
    </refs>
    <nil-classes type="array"/>
    <nil-classes type="array"/>
  </taxa>
  <overview>
    <data-objects type="array">
      <data-object>
        <bibliographic-citation></bibliographic-citation>
        <description>The in-flight agility and sophisticated echolocation calls of the lesser false vampire bat allow them to enjoy an astoundingly varied diet. They have been recorded eating large insects such as grasshoppers, cockroaches, beetles and moths, as well as vertebrates including frogs, mice (2), fish, birds and even smaller bats (5). They are 'gleaners': bats that hunt by snatching their prey from tree trunks, branches, leaves, walls or the forest floor using the interfemoral membrane that stretches between the hind legs. They return to their roost to consume their prey (6).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A gentle and sociable bat, the lesser false vampire roosts in small, mixed-sex groups throughout the year. They mate between November and January, giving birth in April or June to a single pup after a 150 &#8211; 160 day gestation. The pup is carried in flight by its mother for two to three months, before it is weaned and learns to fly alone (7). The bats communicate with social calls that differ considerably from their complex hunting calls, which sweep from frequencies of 130 kHz to 10 kHz extremely rapidly (8). This style of echolocation is very effective in cluttered environments but is not easily detected by prey. The large ears of the lesser false vampire bat can, however, pick up sounds from the prey as well as very weak returning echoes (9).</description>
        <guid>37dd21fcf2b3f5b696efee25e716ecb2</guid>
        <id type="integer">2607750</id>
        <rights-holder>Wildscreen</rights-holder>
        <rights-statement>Copyright Wildscreen 2003-2008</rights-statement>
        <data-supplier-agent>ARKive</data-supplier-agent>
        <tags-hash></tags-hash>
        <attributions>
          <attribution>
            <role>Copyright</role>
            <agent>
              <acronym nil="true"></acronym>
              <display-name>Copyright Wildscreen 2003-2008. Some rights reserved</display-name>
              <homepage>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/</homepage>
              <username nil="true"></username>
            </agent>
          </attribution>
          <attribution>
            <role>Supplier</role>
            <agent>
              <acronym></acronym>
              <display-name>ARKive</display-name>
              <homepage>http://www.arkive.org/</homepage>
              <id type="integer">5978</id>
              <username>arkive</username>
            </agent>
          </attribution>
          <attribution>
            <role>Location</role>
            <agent>
              <acronym nil="true"></acronym>
              <display-name></display-name>
              <homepage nil="true"></homepage>
              <username nil="true"></username>
            </agent>
          </attribution>
          <attribution>
            <role>Source URL</role>
            <agent>
              <acronym nil="true"></acronym>
              <display-name>View original data object</display-name>
              <homepage>http://www.arkive.org/lesser-false-vampire-bat/megaderma-spasma/</homepage>
              <username nil="true"></username>
            </agent>
          </attribution>
          <attribution>
            <role>Citation</role>
            <agent>
              <acronym nil="true"></acronym>
              <display-name></display-name>
              <homepage nil="true"></homepage>
              <username nil="true"></username>
            </agent>
          </attribution>
        </attributions>
        <language>English</language>
        <license>cc-by-nc-sa 3.0</license>
        <type>Text</type>
        <url>http://content9.eol.org/content_large.jpg</url>
        <medium_thumb_url>http://content10.eol.org/content_medium.jpg</medium_thumb_url>
        <small_thumb_url>http://content1.eol.org/content_small.jpg</small_thumb_url>
      </data-object>
    </data-objects>
    <nil-classes type="array"/>
  </overview>
  <table-of-contents>
    <item>
      <id>1</id>
      <label>Overview</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>3</id>
      <label>Description</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>290</id>
      <label>General Description</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>302</id>
      <label>Nucleotide Sequences</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>267</id>
      <label>Morphology</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>232</id>
      <label>Reproduction and Life History</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>70</id>
      <label>Behavior</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>4</id>
      <label>Ecology and Distribution</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>20</id>
      <label>Distribution</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>41</id>
      <label>Habitat</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>297</id>
      <label>Trophic Strategy</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>8</id>
      <label>Conservation</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>33</id>
      <label>Trends and Threats</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>286</id>
      <label>Conservation Status</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>6</id>
      <label>Relevance</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>251</id>
      <label>Uses</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>295</id>
      <label>Procedures</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>300</id>
      <label>Wikipedia</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>9</id>
      <label>Biodiversity Heritage Library</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>7</id>
      <label>References and More Information</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>17</id>
      <label>Literature References</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>226</id>
      <label>Specialist Projects</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>298</id>
      <label>Biomedical Terms</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>227</id>
      <label>Search the Web</label>
    </item>
    <item>
      <id>13</id>
      <label>Common Names</label>
    </item>
  </table-of-contents>
  <ancestors>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">1</id>
      <canonical-form>Animalia</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Animalia</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">694</id>
      <canonical-form>Chordata</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Chordata</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">1642</id>
      <canonical-form>Mammalia</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Mammalia</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">7631</id>
      <canonical-form>Chiroptera</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Chiroptera</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">7645</id>
      <canonical-form>Megadermatidae</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Megadermatidae</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">42434</id>
      <canonical-form>Megaderma</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>NOT EVALUATED</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>Megaderma</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
    <taxon-page>
      <id type="integer">328822</id>
      <canonical-form>Megaderma spasma</canonical-form>
      <iucn-conservation-status>Least Concern (LC)</iucn-conservation-status>
      <scientific-name>&lt;i&gt;Megaderma spasma&lt;/i&gt; (Linnaeus, 1758)</scientific-name>
    </taxon-page>
  </ancestors>
  <children>
  </children>
  <curators>
    <user>
      <credentials>Portland State University, MA Education

</credentials>
      <id type="integer">7</id>
      <username>klans</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>BA Physics - Johns Hopkins University
MS Education - Johns Hopkins University
ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia


</credentials>
      <id type="integer">10</id>
      <username>peter</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Ph.D., University of Bristol (1976)
D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990)
</credentials>
      <id type="integer">11</id>
      <username>paddy</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>developer</credentials>
      <id type="integer">13</id>
      <username>pleary</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials></credentials>
      <id type="integer">11793</id>
      <username>wilsond</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Asst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution
Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006
Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere.  Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35
PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 2005</credentials>
      <id type="integer">20470</id>
      <username>jhammock</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>University of Michigan, PhD 1997
Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)

Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America.</credentials>
      <id type="integer">25567</id>
      <username>csparr</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials></credentials>
      <id type="integer">33422</id>
      <username>mstuder</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Curator of Zoology (Fishes), Field Museum of Natural History</credentials>
      <id type="integer">34360</id>
      <username>mwestneat</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>EOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universit&#228;t Berlin 1989</credentials>
      <id type="integer">35200</id>
      <username>Katja</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>William Miller, PhD
Assistant Professor
Baker University
Dept. of Biology
PO Box 65
Baldwin city, Kansas 
66006-0065



</credentials>
      <id type="integer">35243</id>
      <username>WMiller</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>University of California Berkeley
</credentials>
      <id type="integer">35508</id>
      <username>tuco</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials></credentials>
      <id type="integer">36197</id>
      <username>MarthaTestuser</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>B.A. Zoology, M.S. Embryology/physiology
college faculty for 44 years
member HAPS (Human Anatomy and Physiology Society)</credentials>
      <id type="integer">36558</id>
      <username>judyjunkyard</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Active Member of Wildlife society of Africa, herpetological society of southern Africa and general manager and curator of reptile research and information center (Zebra Country lodge, Cullinan district Pretoria)</credentials>
      <id type="integer">37046</id>
      <username>Vaughan</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Scientist National Institutes of Health</credentials>
      <id type="integer">38259</id>
      <username>saimiri</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>faculty, Department of Biology
University of Miami
Coral Gables, Fl 33124

AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi

http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html</credentials>
      <id type="integer">38707</id>
      <username>ksealey</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Associate Professor of Biology, Curator of Mammals and Birds, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point

Yahnke CJ, 2006. Habitat use and natural history of small mammals in the Paraguayan chaco. Mastozoologia Neotropical, 13(1);103-116.

Yahnke CJ, 2006. Testing optimal foraging theory using bird predation on goldenrod galls. American Biology Teacher, 68(8):471-475.

Yahnke CJ, PL Meserve, TG Ksiazek, and JN Mills. 2001. Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan chaco.  American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65(6):768-776.

Yahnke CJ, I Gamarra de Fox, and F Colman. 1998. Mammalian species richness in Paraguay: the effectiveness of national parks in preserving biodiversity.  Biological Conservation 84:263-268.

Yahnke CJ, J Unger, BA Lohr, DA Meritt, and W Heuschele. 1997.  Age specific fecundity, litter size, and sex ratio in the chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri).  Zoo Biology 16:301-307.

Yahnke, CJ, WE Johnson, E Geffen, D Smith, F Hertel, MS Roy, CF Bonacic, TK Fuller, B Van Valkenburgh, and RK Wayne. 1996. Darwin&#8217;s fox: a distinct endangered species in a vanishing habitat.  Conservation Biology 10:366-375.

Yahnke CJ. 1995.  Metachromism and the insight of Wilfred Osgood: evidence of common ancestry for Darwin&#8217;s fox and the Sechura fox.  Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 68:459-467

American Society of Mammalogists
National Association of Biology Teachers
Sigma XI
</credentials>
      <id type="integer">39446</id>
      <username>cyahnke</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Emeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin

Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64.

Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76.

Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366.

Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D.  (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway.  Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68.

Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse  Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles.  Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63.</credentials>
      <id type="integer">39544</id>
      <username>jrynolds</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Affiliated with EOL Species Pages Group</credentials>
      <id type="integer">39552</id>
      <username>lshapiro</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Staff in a natural history museum
Member of a professional society (SECEM)</credentials>
      <id type="integer">39803</id>
      <username>eliadelom</username>
    </user>
    <user>
      <credentials>Curator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum)
Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. &amp; Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow &amp; Rob van Soest. PDf and website</credentials>
      <id type="integer">40160</id>
      <username>BernardPicton</username>
    </user>
  </curators>
  <comments>
    <count>0</count>
  </comments>
  <images>
    <count>0</count>
  </images>
  <videos>
    <count>0</count>
  </videos>
</taxon-page>
