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Chilean rock rats (Aconaemys fuscus), are endemic to Argentina and central Chile. Their distribution ranges from 33 degrees to 41 degrees south latitude. These animals are generally confined to the high, southern Andes mountain range. Historically (ca. 1,000 years ago), the distribution of Chilean rock rats extended to areas near Santiago, more than 100 km north of the species' current range.
Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )
This species is not considered to have any negative effects on humans. It is not considered an agricultural pest or household pest, and is not known to transmit disease to other economically important species or humans.
Multiple internet sources claim Chilean rock rats are a critically endangered species. In fact, most claim the species is to be extinct within 6 years. However, Aconaemys fuscus was not found on the IUCN Red List, U.S. Federal List, or the CITES list. All internet sources researched were not produced by a governmental or research agencies and could not be deemed credible.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Chilean rock rats are fossorial and use their vibrissae to navigate within their extensive burrows. They sleep together in groups and have a system of vocal alarms if danger is present. Mothers vocally communicate with their young, and both sexes use the scent in their urine as chemical cues for colonial territoriality and individual recognition. "Outsiders" to colonies use intense vocalization and tail movements to discern territoriality.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: scent marks
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; vibrations ; chemical
No economic importance determined to date.
Soil is disturbed and aerated through A. fuscus burrowing activities, which may promote seed germination. To a further extent, these animals also ingest a large number of seeds, which may aid in the dispersal of seeds via feeding activities and fecal droppings.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds; soil aeration
Species Used as Host:
Mutualist Species:
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
Chilean rock rats feed nocturnally, primarily on grasses, grains, and foliage. Interestingly, they store tubers and grains in their burrows, but do not become dormant during the winter. They also re-ingest their own feces to maximize nutrient extraction from their food.
Plant Foods: leaves; roots and tubers; wood, bark, or stems; seeds, grains, and nuts
Other Foods: dung
Foraging Behavior: stores or caches food
Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore , Granivore , Lignivore)
Chilean rock rats inhabit rocky outcrops on the high border of alpine Andean grassland, above tree- and shrub-line at moderate altitudes of the Andes mountain range. This habitat is characterized as arid, with little or no woody plant cover, and has snow cover approximately 3 months per year.
Range elevation: 1000 to 3500 m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: chaparral ; mountains
No data were found on the lifespan of Chilean rock rats. However, other members of the Octodontidae family, such as Octodon degus, have a expected lifespan of approximately 5 years. Aconaemys fuscus may be similar.
Chilean rock rats are similar in size and morphology to other members of the Octodontidae family. They are characterized as having large heads, pointed noses, moderately large and rounded ears, short tails, and long vibrissae on the face. Their legs are short; the forefeet have 4 digits, the hindfeet have 5 digits, and the toes end in sharp, curved claws. Their bodies are covered with long, dense, and silky fur with a well-developed underfur. Dense short hairs cover the tail, and a "comb" of stiff hairs extends slightly beyond the middle digits of the hind feet. Pelage is grayish over the back and a slightly paler gray on the belly.
The skull is relatively stout and angular in appearance. The angular process is highly deflected. The dentary has a prominant coronoid process. The zygomatic arch is simple, and the jugal does not contact the lacrimal. The bullae are fused to the short paroccipital processes. The dental formula is 1/1, 0/0, 1/1, 3/3. Incisors are well-developed, and molars are flat crowned, hypsodont, and distinctively "8"-shaped due to single labial and lingual folds.
Aconaemys fuscus ranges in weight from 30 to 67 g, has lengths between 100 and 140 mm. Within the genus Aconaemys, males reportedly weigh less than non-pregnant females.
Range mass: 0.030 to 0.067 kg.
Range length: 100 to 140 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: female larger
Details on predation of A. fuscus are not readily available. The pelage of these rodents is camoflaged with the rocky outcrops they inhabit. They are colonial and have a system of vocal alarms if danger is present, indicating that predation has been a factor in their evolutionary history. Despite the lack of information for this species we are able to infer something about predation based on related animals. Octodon degus, a member of same family (Octodontidae), which has a similar geographic range and is found in the same habitat as Chilean rock rats, is known to be preyed upon by both raptors and snakes. It is likely that these animals also eat A. fuscus.
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
Chilean rock rats are thought to be polygynous and cooperative breeders.
Mating System: polygynous ; cooperative breeder
Chilean rock rat females have an average of 4 young per litter, yet retain 4 pairs of teats. The gestation period is around 75 days. Two litters may be produced over the breeding season which last from July to January. The eyes are closed at birth and the fur, although present, is thin. Eyes open at approximately 4 days of age, and young are weaned at approximately 60 days. Both females and males reach sexual maturity at 1 year.
Breeding interval: Aconaemys fuscus breeds twice yearly.
Breeding season: Breeding takes place betweem July and January.
Range number of offspring: 2 to 5.
Average number of offspring: 4.
Range gestation period: 70 to 80 days.
Average weaning age: 60 days.
Average time to independence: 60 days.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 1 years.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 1 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous
Newborn A. fuscus are precocial relative to many rodents, being fairly well developed at birth. Eyes open at a mere four days of age, and fur is present from birth. However, since the young cannot care for themselves, they are considered altricial. Chilean rock rat females living in the same burrow have been observed to nurse one another's young, and males have been observed to help raise the young.
Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female)
Aconaemys fuscus ye una especie de royedor de la familia Octodontidae. Conózse-y en Chile pol nome vernacular de "Tunduco común".
Alcuéntrase n'Arxentina y Chile (ente los 33° y 41° de latitud sur, escontra'l Cordal d'Andar y cerca de la llatitú 37° sur, onde la so distribución averar escontra'l Cordal de Nahuelbuta).
A. fuscus habita en zones predreses y cercana a llinies d'árboles, sicasí como la llinia arbórea llega hasta los 2000 msnm aproximao, en mayores altores ocupa zones de paya bravo. Ye una animal semifosorial qu'ocupa galeríes cavaes por él mesmu.[2]
El tunduco común ye un micromamífero tamañu, que mide ente 215 y 250 mm de llargu, ente que la so cola mide ente 55 y 78 mm; el so pesu varia ente los 80 y 250 gr. La so pelame ye café escuro nel envés y más claru, cuasi mariellu parduzo nel banduyu. Les sos manes y pates son grisaceas con uñes un tanto llargues yá que les ocupen pa cavar. Les sos oreyes son curties y pequeñes midiendo cerca de los 5 mm de llargor.
Nun ta del tou claru, pero estudio hasta'l momentu indica qu'alimenta principalmente de camperes, granos y fueyes, como tamién de raigaños qu'atopen. Los individuos qu'habiten cerca de Araucaria araucana alimentar de los frutos (piñones) d'estes. Tamién se diz que son coprofágicos.
Ye un animal sociable y nómade. Xuntar en grupu y tán nun llugar hasta que s'acaba la disponibilidá d'alimentu.
En Chile tien un promediu de 4 críes per camada nuevu. El periodu de xestación ye d'alredor de 75 díes. Tanto les femes y los machos algamen el maduror sexual a 1 añu.[3]
Aconaemys fuscus ye una especie de royedor de la familia Octodontidae. Conózse-y en Chile pol nome vernacular de "Tunduco común".
An tunduko (Aconaemys fuscus) zo ur bronneg krigner eus Arc'hantina ha Chile.
La rata de roca (Aconaemys fuscus) és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels octodòntids. Viu als alts Andes de l'Argentina i Xile, a altituds de fins a 4.000 msnm. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos frescos i humits aïllats d'altres boscos per més de 1.000 km de desert o pampa. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.[1]
La rata de roca (Aconaemys fuscus) és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels octodòntids. Viu als alts Andes de l'Argentina i Xile, a altituds de fins a 4.000 msnm. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos frescos i humits aïllats d'altres boscos per més de 1.000 km de desert o pampa. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.
күрөң аконэмис (лат. Aconaemys fuscus) - келестердин бир түрү.
The Chilean rock rat (Aconaemys fuscus) is a species of rodent in the family Octodontidae.[2] It is found in the high Andes of Argentina and Chile.
The Chilean rock rat is a short-tailed rodent. Rock rats in the genus Aconaemys are similar to those in the genus Ctenomys but not so specialised for life underground. The ears are rather larger, the claws on the front feet which are used for digging are smaller, and the edging of hairs on the hind feet, used for shifting loose soil, is reduced in size.[3]
The upper parts of the Chilean rock rat are dark brown, with the underparts ranging from reddish brown to white. Sample specimens described in 1966 and 1984, from two different locations, had a head-and-body length ranging from 135 mm (5 in) to 187 mm (7 in), with the tail adding another 58 mm (2 in) – 80 mm (3 in) to the animal's total length.[3][4]
Its karyotype has 2n = 56 and FN = 108.[2]
This species is endemic to parts of Argentina and Chile in the high Andes in South America. Its range extends from about 33°S to 41°S. In Argentina, it is restricted to thick forests of bamboo and Nothofagus dombeyi, but in Chile it is found in monkey puzzle (Araucaria) and southern beech (Nothofagus) forests, and above the tree line, usually among tussocky grass.[3] It occurs up to about 4,000 metres (13,100 ft).[1]
The Chilean rock rat is a semi-fossorial species and constructs a network of shallow tunnels and runways with entrances every metre or so. These burrows resemble those of Spalacopus and Ctenomys and are sometimes also used by Akodon longipilis and Geoxus valdivianus. It seems to be a colonial species and feeds on roots and seeds, apparently specialising on the roots and seeds of Araucaria in Chile. It is mainly active by night but sometimes also by day. It stores food for use in winter when it is active, moving about under the snow.[3]
A. fuscus has a wide range and seems to be plentiful. No particular threats have been identified and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".[1]
The Chilean rock rat (Aconaemys fuscus) is a species of rodent in the family Octodontidae. It is found in the high Andes of Argentina and Chile.
Aconaemys fuscus es una especie de roedor de la familia Octodontidae. Se le conoce en Chile por el nombre vernacular de "Tunduco común".
Se encuentra en Argentina y Chile (entre los 33° y 41° de latitud sur, hacia la Cordillera de los Andes y cerca de la latitud 37° sur, donde su distribución se acerca hacia la Cordillera de Nahuelbuta).
A. fuscus habita en zonas rocosas y cercana a líneas de árboles, sin embargo como la línea arbórea llega hasta los 2000 msnm aproximadamente, en mayores alturas ocupa zonas de paja brava. Es una animal semifosorial que ocupa galerías cavadas por él mismo.[2]
El tunduco común es un micromamífero tamaño, que mide entre 215 y 250 mm de largo, mientras que su cola mide entre 55 y 78 mm; su peso varía entre los 80 y 250 gr. Su pelaje es café oscuro en el dorso y más claro, casi amarillo parduzco en el vientre. Sus manos y patas son grisáceas con uñas un tanto largas ya que las ocupan para cavar. Sus orejas son cortas y pequeñas midiendo cerca de los 5 mm de longitud.
No está del todo claro, pero estudios hasta el momento indica que alimenta principalmente de pastos, granos y hojas, como también de raíces que encuentran. Los individuos que habitan cerca de Araucaria araucana se alimentan de los frutos (piñones) de estas. También se dice que son coprofágicos.
Es un animal sociable y nómade. Se junta en grupo y están en un lugar hasta que se acaba la disponibilidad de alimento.
En Chile tiene un promedio de 4 crías por camada joven. El período de gestación es de alrededor de 75 días. Tanto las hembras y los machos alcanzan la madurez sexual a 1 año.[3]
Datos: Q302133
Especies: Aconaemys fuscus
Aconaemys fuscus es una especie de roedor de la familia Octodontidae. Se le conoce en Chile por el nombre vernacular de "Tunduco común".
Aconaemys fuscus Aconaemys generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Octodontidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Aconaemys fuscus Aconaemys generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Octodontidae familian sailkatuta dago.
De andesrotsrat (Aconaemys fuscus) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de schijnratten (Octodontidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Waterhouse in 1842.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Skalniczka płowa[3] (Aconaemys fuscus) – gatunek gryzoni z rodziny koszatniczkowatych (dawniej: koszatniczki[4]) (Octodontidae) – zamieszkująca tereny Ameryki Południowej. Skalniczki płowe występują[5] na obszarze argentyńskiej prowincji Mendoza oraz w Chile w wysokich partiach Andów pomiędzy 31° a 41° S.
Gatunek ten odkrył Waterhouse, ale pierwszy raz został opisany przez Thomasa w 1917 roku. Waterhouse określał[6] występowanie gatunku jako "z Chile", lecz w 1848 dodał lokalizację Valle de las Cuevas koło wulkanu Peteroa, czym uzupełnił lokalizację o Argentynę.
Wymiary anatomiczneUkład filogenetyczny (rodzaje, gatunki) na podstawie: Wilson Don E. & Reeder DeeAnn M. (red.) Octodontidae. w: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3.) [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. (ang.) [dostęp 2 lipca 2011]
Polskie nazwy zwyczajowe: Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2015, s. 297. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.
Aconaemys fuscus é uma espécie de roedor da família Octodontidae.
Pode ser encontrado nos Andes do Chile e Argentina, entre 33° e 41°S.
Aconaemys fuscus é uma espécie de roedor da família Octodontidae.
Pode ser encontrado nos Andes do Chile e Argentina, entre 33° e 41°S.
Aconaemys fuscus[2][3] är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Waterhouse 1842. Aconaemys fuscus ingår i släktet Aconaemys och familjen buskråttor.[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade.[4]
Djuret liknar andra buskråttor i utseende med ganska stort huvud, avrundade öron, långa morrhår och korta extremiteter. Vid framtassarna finns fyra tår och vid bakfötterna fem tår som är utrustade med kraftiga klor. Pälsen har en tät underull och långa täckhår med gråbrun färg.[6]
Aconaemys fuscus lever i Anderna i västcentrala Argentina och i Chile mellan 33:e och 41.e södra breddgraden. Individer upptäcktes även i 4000 meter höjd. Habitatet utgörs av kyla fuktiga skogar.[1]
Vanligen lever flera individer tillsammans i ett komplext tunnelsystem. Födan utgörs av olika växtdelar som gräs, frön, bark eller rötter. Parningstiden ligger vanligen mellan juli och januari. Efter dräktigheten som varar cirka 75 dagar föds 2 till 5 blind ungar. De öppnar ögonen efter ungefär 4 dagar och 2 månader senare slutar honan med digivning.[6]
Wikispecies har information om Aconaemys fuscus.
Aconaemys fuscus är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Waterhouse 1842. Aconaemys fuscus ingår i släktet Aconaemys och familjen buskråttor. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade.
Вага: 121–143 грам. Гризун із коротким хвостом, спиною насичено темно-коричневого кольору, живіт — яскраво-рудий чи світло-коричневий або білуватий.
Проживає тільки у високогірних Андах; на території Чилі та Аргентини до 4000 м над рівнем моря. Живе тільки в прохолодних, вологих лісах, які ізольовані від інших лісів більш ніж тисячею кілометрів пампи або пустелі. Домінуючі дерева в його місці проживання — південні буки (Nothofagus)
Активний головним чином уночі, в меншій мірі вдень. Взимку також активний, під снігом. Живиться зеленою рослинністю, коренеплодами, фруктами. Вокалізація — високочастотний писк.
Aconaemys fuscus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Octodontidae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Waterhouse mô tả năm 1841.[2]
Bài viết về một loài thuộc bộ Gặm nhấm này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Aconaemys fuscus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Octodontidae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Waterhouse mô tả năm 1841.
Aconaemys fuscus Waterhouse, 1842
Чилийский крысиный восьмизуб[1] (лат. Aconaemys fuscus) — вид южноамериканских грызунов семейства восьмизубовые.
Грызун с коротким хвостом, спиной насыщенно тёмно-коричневого цвета, брюхо — ярко-рыжее или светло-коричневое или беловатое. Длина тела от 13,5 до 18,7 см, длина хвоста 5,8—8 см[2][3], вес 121—143 грамма.
Обитает только в высокогорных Андах на территории Чили и Аргентины на высоте до 4000 м над уровнем моря. Живёт только в прохладных, влажных лесах, изолированных от других лесов более чем тысячей километров пампы или пустыни. Доминирующие деревья в его месте обитания — южные буки (Nothofagus).
Активен главным образом ночью, в меньшей степени днём. Зимой также активный, под снегом. Питается зелёной растительностью, корнеплодами, плодами. Вокализация — высокочастотный писк.
Чилийский крысиный восьмизуб (лат. Aconaemys fuscus) — вид южноамериканских грызунов семейства восьмизубовые.
Грызун с коротким хвостом, спиной насыщенно тёмно-коричневого цвета, брюхо — ярко-рыжее или светло-коричневое или беловатое. Длина тела от 13,5 до 18,7 см, длина хвоста 5,8—8 см, вес 121—143 грамма.
Обитает только в высокогорных Андах на территории Чили и Аргентины на высоте до 4000 м над уровнем моря. Живёт только в прохладных, влажных лесах, изолированных от других лесов более чем тысячей километров пампы или пустыни. Доминирующие деревья в его месте обитания — южные буки (Nothofagus).
Активен главным образом ночью, в меньшей степени днём. Зимой также активный, под снегом. Питается зелёной растительностью, корнеплодами, плодами. Вокализация — высокочастотный писк.
칠레바위쥐(Aconaemys fuscus)는 데구과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다.[2] 아르헨티나와 칠레의 안데스 고원에서 발견된다.
칠레바위쥐는 꼬리가 짧은 설치류의 일종이다. 바위쥐속에 포함되며, 투코투코속(Ctenomys) 종들과 유사하지만, 땅 속 생활을 하기 위해 특별히 발달되지 못했다. 귀가 다소 더 크고, 땅을 팔 수 있는 앞발의 발톱은 작고, 뒷발의 털 끝은 파낸 흙을 뒤로 밀어내는 데 사용하며 크기가 작다.[3] 칠레바쥐쥐의 상체는 진한 갈색을 띠며, 하체는 불그스레한 갈색부터 흰색까지 다양하다. 1966년과 1984년에 서로 다른 곳에서 발견된 샘플 표본이 기술되었고, 꼬리를 제외한 몸길이는 135~187mm이고, 꼬리는 58~80mm 정도이다.[3][4] 핵형은 2n=56, FN=108이다.[2]
남아메리카 안데스 고원의 아르헨티나와 칠레 일부 지역의 토착종이다. 아르헨티나의 위도 약 33°와 41°S 사이에 분포하며, 대나무와 코아규로 이루어진 울창한 숲에서 제한적으로 서식하지만, 칠레에서는 수림 경계선 위의 보통 덤불 속의 아라우카리아 및 남부너도밤나무 숲에서 발견된다.[3] 해발 약 4000m 이하 지역에서 발견된다.[1]
칠레바위는 반화석종의 일종으로 거미줄처럼 1m마다 입구에 얕은 굴과 통행로를 만든다. 코루로와 투코투코류의 굴과 유사한 굴을 만들며, 이 굴은 긴털밭쥐(Akodon longipilis)와 긴발톱두더지생쥐(Geoxus valdivianus)가 이용하기도 한다. 군집 생활을 하는 동물로 보이며 뿌리와 씨앗, 특히 칠레에서 아라우카리아 뿌리와 씨앗을 먹는다. 주로 밤에 활동하지만, 낮에 보이기도 한다. 눈 아래에서 움직이는 활동적일 때, 겨울철에 먹을 먹이를 저장한다.[3]
칠레바위쥐는 분포 지역이 넓고 개체수가 풍부한 것으로 추정된다. 특별한 위협 요인은 없으며, 국제 자연 보전 연맹(IUCN)이 보전 등급을 "관심대상종"으로 지정했다.[1]
