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Cephalophus silvicultor is considered one of the most evolutionarily ancestral (primitive) African antelopes that exists today.
The name "duiker" comes from an African word meaning "diver". This refers to their tendency to run and hide in forest cover when threatened. Cephalophus silvicultor can be broken into its Greek roots. "Kephale" refers to the head, and "lophus" to a crest, both are associated with a tuft of fur on the yellow-backed duikers head. "Silva" means woods or forest, and "cultor" implies a farmer or inhabitant, both these terms imply the animal lives in the forest.
Yellow-backed duikers communicate with unique scent glands anterior to the eyes. These maxillary glands are made of connective tissues that surrounds 2 to 3 secretory layers forming hairless slits. The presence of these glands cause the cheeks to swell. Duikers also have scent glands behind each hoof. Gland scents are used to communicate territorial boundaries, reproductive status, and as a way of cementing social bonds. Yellow-backed duikers also communicate through grunts and shrill bleats. When alarmed, these duikers emit a shrill whistle, erect their dorsal crest, and flee.
Communication Channels: visual ; acoustic ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: scent marks
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Human expansion has caused a change in some African habitats from mature forests to clearings for agriculture, directly impacting yellow-duiler populations, which rely on forested habitat. Yellow-backed duikers require dense forest cover to hide, because of their large size. Smaller duikers, such as blue duikers (Philantomba monticola), can conceal themselves in the more open habitats where they live.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: appendix ii
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
There are no known adverse effects of Cephalophus silvicultor on humans.
Cephalophus silvicultor is an important form of meat and money for people living in central and western Africa. In many instances, yellow-backed duiker meat is necessary bushmeat for local survival. They are hunted with a variety of methods, including snares, shotguns, or netting. At night, duikers are easily shot because they stand still when light is shone on them.
Positive Impacts: food ; body parts are source of valuable material
It is unknown how important forest duikers are in seed dispersal in African forests. Duikers have been observed spitting out digested seeds after rumination. Some seeds remain intact and are dispersed in this way. Duikers act as predators on other seeds by damaging them during digestion. Larger mammals also prey on adult and young duikers.
Three new species of Coccidia have been found in forest duikers. These parasites were not found in any other wild or domestic African ruminant. Coccidia was documented in Philantomba monticola, Cephalophus dorsalis, and Cephalophus nigrifrons. Cephalophus maxwelli was discovered with the parasite Selenomas ruminanticum. It is possible that Coccidia species will be discovered in C. silvicultor.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds
Yellow-backed duikers are selective-foraging frugivores. Typical diets are low in fiber. Starches are fermented quickly, with rapid passage through the digestive tract. Along with fruit, yellow-backed duikers eat leaves, seeds, buds, bark, and shoots. Four yellow-backed duikers in the wild ate 71.3% fruit matter and 28.6% dry weight. Occasionally, these forest antelopes will kill and eat small animals, such as birds. Of the 28.6% dry weight, 0.1% was animal matter.
Yellow-backed duikers specialize on eating fallen fruits and can consume fruits or seeds that are too large or hard for primates and other frugivores to eat. Duiker cheek teeth are specialized for chewing tough bark and roots. A long pointed tongue and mobile lips allow foliage to be easily obtained and manipulated. Duikers search the ground for food using their hooves and snouts to dig. The large size of yellow-backed duikers forces them to forage almost constantly.
Animal Foods: birds; mammals
Plant Foods: leaves; roots and tubers; wood, bark, or stems; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit
Primary Diet: herbivore (Frugivore )
Cephalophus silvicultor is found throughout western central Africa. Yellow-backed duikers range from Guinea-Bissau eastward to Uganda and Sudan, and as far south as Angola and Zambia. Yellow-backed duikers have the widest range in comparison to other forest duiker species. They are typically found in forested areas with dense understory growth.
Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )
In captivity, other species of Cephalophus can live 10 to 15 years. In the wild duikers can live 10 to 12 years.
Range lifespan
Status: wild: 10 to 12 years.
Average lifespan
Status: captivity: 22.5 years.
Yellow-backed duikers prefer forested habitats with dense undergrowth, although they can be found in a variety of forested habitats, including savannah and farmland. There is evidence of interspecific competition between yellow-backed duikers and their larger relatives, Jentink's duikers (Cephalophus jentinki). In some situations, Jentink's duikers may force yellow-backed duikers out of preferred habitat.
In captivity, yellow-backed duikers are not tolerant of cold temperatures. They cannot be exposed to climates of 7 degrees Celsius (55 degrees Fahrenheit) for a prolonged time, but can tolerate temperatures of 43 degrees Celsius (110 degrees Fahrenheit).
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest
Other Habitat Features: agricultural
The coat of yellow-backed duikers is black or brown in color with a yellow triangular patch near the tail. This yellow patch typically will not appear until about 1 month of age and will not be completely developed until about 10 months. Males and females resemble each other in appearance, although females are slightly larger. The muzzle area is a light gray color which surrounds their white lips. Both sexes have short, conical horns that grow between 8.5 and 21 centimeters long.
Young yellow-backed duikers are born a dark brown color with spotted flanks and red undersides. These cryptic colors help them remain hidden from predators in the forest.
Yellow-backed duikers have unique scent glands located posterior to each eye. Unlike other antelope species, these glands secrete from a grouping of pores, not from a solitary large opening. These scent glands are used to mark territorial boundaries. Yellow-backed duikers are built for life in dense vegetation. The body is arched, with short forelegs and longer hindlegs for manuverability.
Yellow-backed duikers are one of the largest species of forest duikers, ranging from 45 to 80 kilograms in the wild. The body is 115 to 145 centimeters in length, with a short tail measuring 11 to 18 centimeters. Yellow-backed duikers have the largest brain size relative to body size than any other antelope species.
Range mass: 45 to 80 kg.
Range length: 115 to 145 cm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: female larger; ornamentation
Predators of yellow-back duikers include African hunting dogs, lions, and leopards. When they are alarmed, the typical resopnse is for the yellow rump hairs to stand erect. A shrill call may be emitted before dashing into the cover of underbrush habitat. Young duikers stay hidden in the forest for more than 7 days to evade predators before beginning to venture out. When threatened, the response is to flee into dense forest. Their habit of seeming to dive into the undergrowth gives them their common name, duiker, which is derived from Afrikaans for "diving buck." Yellow-backed duikers also hold their yellow rump hairs erect when agitated.
Known Predators:
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
Yellow-backed duiker mating pairs have been observed licking and nibbling each other socially. This behavior is also viewed between mothers and calves. Adult duikers socially rub their preorbital scent glands on other adults bodies and legs. Duiker mates also press these scent glands together as a possible sign of pair bonding. It is thought that females defend territories that they share with males. However, the pair bond may be fairly transitory.
Mating System: monogamous
In captivity, yellow-backed duikers go into estrus once per month throughout the year, lasting 2 to 3 days. Gestation is approximately 7 months, after which females give birth to one calf. Occasionaly, 2 calves are born. Females may breed twice each year. Young yellow-backed duikers stay hidden for 1 to 2 weeks in the forest. One male calf in captivity at the Los Angeles Zoo was weaned after 95 days, although others have been recorded at about 5 months. Females are sexually mature at 9 to 12 months of age, while males reach maturity at 12 to 18 months.
Breeding interval: Yellow-backed duikers may breed twice each year.
Breeding season: Yellow-backed duikers can breed throughout the year.
Range number of offspring: 1 to 2.
Average number of offspring: 1.
Range gestation period: 4 (low) months.
Average gestation period: 7 months.
Range weaning age: 3.17 to 5 months.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 9 to 12 months.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 12 to 18 months.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous
Average birth mass: 2400 g.
Average number of offspring: 1.
Young are weaned after approximately 5 months. It is unknown how long young stay with the mother. The young remain hidden for their first week of life, after which they begin to emerge from hiding to browse on vegetation.
Parental Investment: pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female); extended period of juvenile learning
El duiquer de llom groc (Cephalophus silvicultor) és un antílop que viu al centre i l'oest d'Àfrica. És el duiquer amb la distribució geogràfica més àmplia. Els duiquers de llom groc assoleixen una llargada de 115 i 145 cm, amb una alçada d'uns 80 centímetres a l'espatlla. Pesen uns 80 quilograms. El seu pelatge va del marró fosc al negre, amb una ratlla groga al llom que els dóna nom. Viuen en selves pluvials espesses i obertes, on s'alimenten de llavors, fruits, herbes, fongs i fulles.
El duiquer de llom groc (Cephalophus silvicultor) és un antílop que viu al centre i l'oest d'Àfrica. És el duiquer amb la distribució geogràfica més àmplia. Els duiquers de llom groc assoleixen una llargada de 115 i 145 cm, amb una alçada d'uns 80 centímetres a l'espatlla. Pesen uns 80 quilograms. El seu pelatge va del marró fosc al negre, amb una ratlla groga al llom que els dóna nom. Viuen en selves pluvials espesses i obertes, on s'alimenten de llavors, fruits, herbes, fongs i fulles.
Der Gelbrückenducker oder Riesenducker (Cephalophus silvicultor) ist eine Art aus der Familie der Hornträger. Er kommt ausschließlich in Afrika vor. Es werden bis zu sechs Unterarten unterschieden.
Der Gelbrückenducker erreicht ein Körpergewicht von bis zu 63 Kilogramm. Mit einer Schulterhöhe von bis zu 79 Zentimeter ist er der größte Ducker.[1]
Ein dunkles, graubraunes Haarkleid bedeckt den Körper, ein auffallender, gelbbrauner Fleck die sich zum Steiß verbreiternde Hinterpartie. Dieser hat zu der deutschen Trivialbezeichnung geführt. Jungtieren fehlt diese Fellfärbung zunächst. Sie entwickeln sie erst im Alter von fünf bis acht Monaten. Beide Geschlechter der Gelbrückenducker tragen kurze, gerade Hörner. Diese erreichen eine Länge von bis zu 20 Zentimeter.
Über die Lebensweise des Gelbrückenduckers ist nahezu nichts bekannt. Sie erreichen ein Alter von bis zu neun Jahren.[2]
Der Gelbrückenducker lebt in Zentralafrika vom Kongobasin bis nach Senegal und kommt unter anderem in den Naturschutzgebieten Kafue, Upemba, Salonga und Virunga vor. Dicht bewaldete Gebiete gehören zu seinem Lebensraum. Wie auch andere Ducker lebt er hauptsächlich einzeln und benutzt regelmäßig ausgetretene Wechsel. Seine Hauptnahrung besteht aus Früchten, Beeren und Pilzen.
Die Populationsgröße des Gelbrückenduckers wird auf etwa 160 000 Individuen geschätzt, die Art wird als nicht gefährdet eingeschätzt. Vor allem außerhalb von Schutzgebieten nimmt jedoch die Anzahl der Tiere durch Rodung der Wälder und Bejagung ab.[3]
Der Gelbrückenducker oder Riesenducker (Cephalophus silvicultor) ist eine Art aus der Familie der Hornträger. Er kommt ausschließlich in Afrika vor. Es werden bis zu sechs Unterarten unterschieden.
The yellow-backed duiker (Cephalophus silvicultor) is a shy, forest-dwelling antelope of the order Artiodactyla, from the family Bovidae. Yellow-backed duikers are the most widely-distributed of all duikers. They are found mainly in Central and Western Africa, ranging from Senegal and Gambia on the western coast, through to the Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Uganda; their distribution continues southward into Rwanda, Burundi, and most of Zambia.[3]
The scientific name of the yellow-backed duiker is Cephalophus silvicultor. It is the type species of Cephalophus, and placed in the subfamily Cephalophinae and family Bovidae. The species was first described by English botanist Adam Afzelius in the journal Nova Acta Regiæ Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis in 1815.[4] The generic name has possibly originated from the combination of the New Latin word cephal, meaning head, and the Greek word lophos, meaning crest.[5] The specific name silvicultor is composed by two Latin words: silva, meaning wood, and cultus, which relates to cultivation. This refers to its habitat.[3]
In 1981, Colin Groves and Peter Grubb identified three subgenera of Cephalophus : Cephalophula, Cephalpia and Cephalophus. They classified C. silvicultor under the third subgenus along with C. spadix (Abbott's duiker), C. dorsalis (bay duiker) and C. jentinki (Jentink's duiker). This subgenus is characterized by minimal sexual dimorphism and spotted coats (of juveniles). C. silvicultor forms a superspecies with C. spadix.[6]
Four subspecies are recognised:[7]
Yellow-backed duikers have a convex body shape, standing taller at the rump than the shoulders. They have very short horns, 8.5 to 21 cm (3.3 to 8.3 in) in length,[8] which are cylindrical and ribbed at the base.[3] An orange crest of hair can be found between their horns.[9] Yellow-backed duikers get their name from the characteristic patch of yellow hairs on their rump, which stand when the duiker is alarmed or feels threatened. Yellow-backed duiker females often grow to be slightly larger than males.[3] Coloration is very similar between sexes and very little sexual dimorphism exists.[9] The head-and-body length is 115 to 145 cm (45 to 57 in), with a short tail measuring 11 to 18 cm (4.3 to 7.1 in).[8] The yellow-backed duiker weighs in at about 60–80 kg, making it the largest of its genus. It has a large mouth, throat and jaw musculature.[10]
Yellow-backed duikers are mainly forest dwelling and live in semi-deciduous forests, rain forests, riparian forests, and montane forests. However, they can be found in open bush, isolated forest islands, and clearings on the savanna as well.[3] Their convex body shape is well-suited for forest living. It allows for quick movement through thick forest and bush and is reflective of ungulates accustomed to diving quickly into the underbrush for cover.[3] In fact, duiker is the Afrikaans word for "diver."[11]
Duikers are very flighty and easily stressed, and when frightened or pursued will run almost blindly from a threat. At the Los Angeles Zoo, duikers were found to run headlong into the glass of their enclosures if startled. In captivity, duikers have been known to form stress-induced jaw abscesses.[11]
Yellow-backed duikers are active at all times of the day and night.[10] They live mainly solitarily or in couples, rarely in even small herds.[3] Their elusive habits mean that very little is known about their ecology and demography compared to other ungulates.[12]
The yellow-backed duiker can breed throughout the year, with many breeding two times each year.[8] The female gives birth to one oro (two offspring after a gestation period of 4 to 7 months). The calf remains hidden during the first week of life and is weaned at 3 to 5 months after birth. Sexual maturity happens at 12 to 18 months in the male, and at 9 to 12 months in the female.[8]
The lifespan is 10 to 12 years in the wild, while 22.5 years in the captivity.[8]
These forest dwelling antelope feed selectively on plants or plant parts such as shoots, roots, leaves, and buds, but their diet is mainly made up of fruits.[3] The yellow-backed duiker is more efficient at digesting poor quality food than most other duiker species. This allows them to eat large, low quality fruits.[10] Their diet makes them very hard to keep in captivity as most domesticated fruits are not well suited to their low fiber requirements. They are considered concentrate selectors, meaning they eat "diets relatively low in fiber, have a well developed ability to forage selectively, a rumen bypass, a rapid passage and high fermentation rate for starch, and they frequently encounter toxins."[11]
Yellow-backed duikers are one of the few antelopes that can eat meat. Occasionally, these forest antelopes will kill and eat small animals, such as birds.
Duikers are very primitive antelope which diverged early in bovid history.[9] The genus Cephalophus contains 16 African bovids of which the yellow-backed duiker is the largest.[9] Cephalophus refers to the long crest of hair found between their horns.[11] The yellow-backed duiker is most closely related to the Abbot's duiker and the Jentink's duiker. These three form the large or "giant" duikers group.[9] The yellow-backed duiker belongs to a group of morphologically, ecologically, and behaviorally convergent mammals which also includes some artiodactyls, rodents, and lagomorphs which exhibit "microcursorial adaptive syndrome."[3] This means they have tropical to subtropical distribution along with small body size, swift, cursorial locomotion, browse on high energy food, have precocial young, and a "facultatively monogamous social structure."[3]
Duikers are the most heavily hunted species across forested West and Central Africa.[12] It is not only a vital food source for people living close to its habitats [12] but a vital source of income as well.[10] The animal's flighty, easy-to-scare nature causes the yellow-backed duiker to freeze up in torchlight which makes them very easy to hunt at night. When the animal is stunned by torchlight, hunters can almost walk right up to it.[10] This puts the yellow-backed duiker and its relatives at major risk for overhunting. Some scientists even project that by the year 2020 they may be at serious risk.[12] IUCN currently puts the yellow-backed duiker's status at near threatened but if current trends continue, "the yellow-backed duiker's distribution will become increasingly fragmented and its status will eventually become threatened."[1] It is thought that the yellow-backed duiker may already be locally extinct in the Oban Sector of the Cross River National Park in the Oban Hills Region of Nigeria.[12] The loss of this species may have many impacts due to the yellow-backed duiker's numerous ecological responsibilities. They not only make up a main source of food for many indigenous peoples, but they also act as seed dispersing agents for various plants, and prey items for many carnivores.[12]
The yellow-backed duiker (Cephalophus silvicultor) is a shy, forest-dwelling antelope of the order Artiodactyla, from the family Bovidae. Yellow-backed duikers are the most widely-distributed of all duikers. They are found mainly in Central and Western Africa, ranging from Senegal and Gambia on the western coast, through to the Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Uganda; their distribution continues southward into Rwanda, Burundi, and most of Zambia.
El cefalofo silvicultor o duiquero de lomo amarillo[1] (Cephalophus silvicultor) es una especie de mamífero artiodáctilo de la familia Bovidae que habita las selvas del África occidental y central desde Senegal hasta Uganda occidental con una posible pequeña población en Gambia. Su gama se extiende también hacia el sur en Ruanda, Burundi, República Democrática del Congo, y la mayor parte de Zambia.[2]
Se conocen las siguientes subespecies:[2][3]
El cefalofo silvicultor o duiquero de lomo amarillo (Cephalophus silvicultor) es una especie de mamífero artiodáctilo de la familia Bovidae que habita las selvas del África occidental y central desde Senegal hasta Uganda occidental con una posible pequeña población en Gambia. Su gama se extiende también hacia el sur en Ruanda, Burundi, República Democrática del Congo, y la mayor parte de Zambia.
Cephalophus silvicultor Cephalophus generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Cephalophinae azpifamilia eta Bovidae familian sailkatuta dago
Cephalophus silvicultor Cephalophus generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Cephalophinae azpifamilia eta Bovidae familian sailkatuta dago
Céphalophe à dos jaune
Le Céphalophe à dos jaune (Cephalophus silvicultor) est une espèce de mammifère appartenant à la famille des Bovidae.
Il cefalofo dal dorso giallo (Cephalophus silvicultor Afzelius, 1815) è un cefalofo originario dell'Africa centrale e occidentale. Il nome afrikaans duiker, attribuito a tutti i cefalofi, vuol dire «tuffatore», e si riferisce all'abitudine, propria di questi animali, di tuffarsi nel fitto della vegetazione per trovare riparo.
Attualmente, gli studiosi riconoscono quattro sottospecie di cefalofo dal dorso giallo[1]:
Con 125–190 cm di lunghezza e 45–80 kg di peso, quello dal dorso giallo è il cefalofo di maggiori dimensioni. Oltre che per la taglia, si distingue dai suoi simili per la macchia di peli gialli posta sul posteriore, la quale contrasta nettamente con la colorazione marrone-nerastra del resto del corpo[3][4]. La regione posteriore è più alta di quella anteriore[3], e la testa è allungata e a forma di cuneo[5]. Entrambi i sessi presentano brevi corna cilindriche, maggiormente scanalate alla base, e una cresta di lunghi peli di color castano uniforme posta tra di esse[3][4]. Diversamente da quasi tutti gli altri cefalofi, quello dal dorso giallo non dimena o «sbandiera» costantemente la coda[6], che misura 11–20 cm.
Il cefalofo dal dorso giallo è diffuso in un vasto areale che occupa l'Africa occidentale e centrale, dal Senegal allo Zambia, ma all'interno di quest'area è piuttosto raro e localizzato[4][7].
Si può incontrare praticamente in tutti i tipi di foresta tropicale, comprese foreste di pianura e di montagna, i mosaici foresta-savana e le foreste rivierasche, così come in habitat più aperti, come radure, savane, savane alberate e boscaglie, e perfino in foreste secondarie e piantagioni[2][3][4][7].
Tutti i cefalofi sono di natura riservata, e questa caratteristica, unita al loro habitat, abbastanza inaccessibile, fa sì che si sappia ben poco delle abitudini del cefalofo dal dorso giallo[3][4]. Si ritiene che conduca vita prevalentemente solitaria, o tutt'al più che viva in coppie monogame, all'interno di territori ben definiti[3][5], e che sia attivo sia di giorno che di notte[4][8]. Quando percepisce la presenza di una minaccia, ad esempio un predatore, si immobilizza immediatamente e rizza i peli della macchia gialla[3][4]; probabilmente questa postura è un chiaro segnale d'allarme visivo per i conspecifici, o un «segnale d'invito» indirizzato al predatore, sì da fargli capire di essere stato localizzato e di trovarsi in svantaggio[3][6][8].
Il cefalofo dal dorso giallo si nutre di una vasta gamma di vegetali, compresi frutti, foglie, germogli, semi, cortecce e gemme, e all'occasione anche di carogne. In cattività un esemplare è stato visto catturare, uccidere e divorare un piccione[3], mentre in natura vari individui sono stati visti mangiare lucertole e perfino testuggini[4]. Si ritiene che la femmina dia alla luce un unico piccolo, dopo un periodo di gestazione di 115 giorni. Il piccolo rimane nascosto tra la vegetazione per una settimana o giù di lì, ma inizia a consumare cibo solido molto rapidamente[5], ed è completamente svezzato a partire dalle quattro-sei settimane di età. Il piccolo è ricoperto da un mantello nero-brunastro uniforme, ma le corna e la caratteristica macchia gialla si sviluppano a partire dai sette mesi[3][4][8]. In cattività può vivere più di 10 anni[8].
La distruzione delle foreste e la caccia incontrollata a scopo alimentare hanno avuto un grande impatto sulla popolazione di questo animale; attualmente è scomparso dal Gambia e, forse, dal Ruanda, e le popolazioni rimaste stanno diminuendo sempre più un po' ovunque, tranne che nelle poche aree protette dove sono al sicuro dal bracconaggio o dall'avanzata degli insediamenti umani[7]. Se questa situazione si protrarrà ancora, è probabile che il cefalofo dal dorso giallo si troverà ben presto a rischio di estinzione[7].
Il cefalofo dal dorso giallo (Cephalophus silvicultor Afzelius, 1815) è un cefalofo originario dell'Africa centrale e occidentale. Il nome afrikaans duiker, attribuito a tutti i cefalofi, vuol dire «tuffatore», e si riferisce all'abitudine, propria di questi animali, di tuffarsi nel fitto della vegetazione per trovare riparo.
Geltonnugaris dukeris (lot. Cephalophus silvicultor, angl. Yellow-backed duiker, vok. Gelbrückenducker) – dykaraginių (Bovidae) šeimos žinduolis, priklausantis kuoduotųjų dukerių (Cephalophus) genčiai. Labiausiai paplitęs iš visų dukerių rūšių. Gyvena Afrikos vakarinėje ir centrinėje dalyje.
Pirmą kartą šią rūšį aprašė botanikas Adam Afzelius 1815 m. žurnale Nova Acta Regiæ Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis.[3] 1981 m. Colin Groves ir Peter Grubb nustatė tris kuoduotojų dukerių (Cephalophus) pogentes: Cefhalophula, Cephalpia ir Cephalophus. Ši rūšis buvo priskirta Cephalophus pogentei kartu su tanzaniniu dukeriu (C. spadix), juodnugariu dukeriu (C. dorsalis) ir jentinko dukeriu (C. jentinki). Šiai pogentei būdingas minimalus lytinis dimorfizmas ir dėmėtas jauniklių kailis.[4]
Išskiriami keturi pošūšiai:[5]
Rūšies atstovai turi išgaubtos formos kūną, labai trumpus cilindro formos ragus. Sveria apie 60-80 kg. Turi didelę burną, gerklę ir žandikaulio raumenis. Užaugdami iki 79 cm yra didžiausi iš dukerių atstovų.[6] Patinai yra šiek tiek didesni.
Minta įvairiais augalais, įskaitant vaisius, lapus, ūglius, sėklas, medžio žieves, pumpurus.
Laisvėje gyvena apie 160 000 individų. Nelaisvėje išgyvena iki 10 metų.[7]
Geltonnugaris dukeris (lot. Cephalophus silvicultor, angl. Yellow-backed duiker, vok. Gelbrückenducker) – dykaraginių (Bovidae) šeimos žinduolis, priklausantis kuoduotųjų dukerių (Cephalophus) genčiai. Labiausiai paplitęs iš visų dukerių rūšių. Gyvena Afrikos vakarinėje ir centrinėje dalyje.
De geelrugduiker (Cephalophus silvicultor) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de holhoornigen (Bovidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Afzelius in 1815.
Het dier heeft een donkere, grijsachtig bruine vacht met een lichtere kin en hals. De rug vertoont een opvallende geelachtige streep, die vanaf de schouders breed uitloopt naar het achterlichaam. Deze haren gaan bij dreigend gevaar overeind staan. De schofthoogte bedraagt ongeveer 80 cm.
Deze soort komt voor in het westelijk deel van Centraal-Afrika in dichte wouden.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesDe geelrugduiker (Cephalophus silvicultor) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de holhoornigen (Bovidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Afzelius in 1815.
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Dujker żółtopręgi[2] (Cephalophus silvicultor) - gatunek afrykańskich antylop wołowatych zaliczany do dujkerów. Zasięg występowania - najszerszy ze wszystkich dujkerów - obejmuje Afrykę Środkową i Zachodnią.
Dymorfizm płciowy słabo zaznaczony. Samce są trochę większe. Mierzą 115-145 cm długości i 65-80 cm wysokości, ważą od 40 do 80 kg. Ich futro jest ciemnobrązowe lub czarne z żółtym pasem na tylnej części grzbietu. U młodych występują cętki na ciemnobrązowym tle. Preferują tropikalne lasy z gęstym podszytem, ale spotykane są również na sawannach i polach uprawnych. Żywią się nasionami, owocami, trawą, grzybami i liśćmi.
Samice osiągają dojrzałość płciową pomiędzy 9-12 miesiącem a samce pomiędzy 12-18 miesiącem życia. Ciąża trwa około 7 miesięcy. Samica rodzi jedno młode. Sporadycznie zdarzają się dwa młode w miocie.
Dujker żółtopręgi (Cephalophus silvicultor) - gatunek afrykańskich antylop wołowatych zaliczany do dujkerów. Zasięg występowania - najszerszy ze wszystkich dujkerów - obejmuje Afrykę Środkową i Zachodnią.
O muntual ou muntum (Cephalophus silvicultor),[4] também chamado cabra-do-mato-grande, é um antílope encorpado encontrado na África ocidental e central.
Quatro subespécies são descritas:
O muntual ou muntum (Cephalophus silvicultor), também chamado cabra-do-mato-grande, é um antílope encorpado encontrado na África ocidental e central.
Quatro subespécies são descritas:
Cephalophus silvicultor curticeps Grubb e Groves, 2001 Cephalophus silvicultor longiceps Gray, 1865 Cephalophus silvicultor ruficrista Bocage, 1869 Cephalophus silvicultor silvicultor (Afzelius, 1815)Gulryggad dykare[2] (Cephalophus silvicultor) är ett hovdjur i underfamiljen dykarantiloper som lever i Afrika.
Pälsens grundfärg är mörkgrå till svart och som namnet antyder har djuret en gul fläck på ryggen. Nosen har en ljusare grå färg och läpparna är vita. Mellan hornen syns ofta en gulaktig tofs. Djuret vägar mellan 45 och 80 kg. Arten når en kroppslängd från 115 och 145 cm, en mankhöjd på 65 till 80 cm och en svanslängd från 10 till 20 cm. Upp till 21 cm långa, något böjda horn finns hos båda kön.[3]
Utbredningsområdet sträcker sig från Senegal i väst till Zambia i sydöst. Isolerade populationer finns även i Kenya. Gulryggad dykare förekommer i olika mera våta habitat som skogar och savanner med buskar samt på jordbruksmark.[1]
Liksom andra dykarantiloper är arten främst aktiv på natten. Det är ett skyggt djur som fått sitt namn av att det snabbt "dyker" in i buskagen när man kommer för nära. Individerna lever utanför parningstiden ensamma och kommunicerar med olika läten. Reviret markeras med körtelvätska. Arten livnär sig bland annat av blad, frön, svampar och gräs.[3] I sällsynta fall äter den små ryggradsdjur som fåglar.[4]
Honor är parningsberedda två till tre dagar per månad och får vanligen två kullar per år. Efter dräktigheten som varar omkring sju månader föds vanligen ett enda ungdjur i ett gömställe. Vid födelsen har gulryggade dykare en mörkbrun päls med punkter på sidorna och röd buk. Ungen får di i cirka fem månader. Könsmognaden infaller för honor efter 9 till 12 månader och för hannar efter 12 till 18 månader. Livslängden uppskattas med 10 till 12 år.[3][4]
Gulryggad dykare har olika naturliga fiender som lejon, leoparder, viverrider, krokodiler och pytonormar.[4]
Det vetenskapliga namnet för släktet är bildat av de grekiska orden kephale (huvud) och lophus (krona, syftar på tofsen). Artepitet är sammansatt av de latinska orden silva (skog) och cultor (bonde, invånare).[3]
Gulryggad dykare hotas främst av habitatförlust och den jagas även för köttets skull. Beståndet uppskattades 1999 med 160 000 individer. Arten listas av IUCN som livskraftig (least concern).[1]
Gulryggad dykare (Cephalophus silvicultor) är ett hovdjur i underfamiljen dykarantiloper som lever i Afrika.
Linh dương lưng vàng[3] (danh pháp hai phần: Cephalophus silvicultor) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Trâu bò, bộ Artiodactyla. Loài này được Afzelius mô tả năm 1815[2]. Linh dương lưng vàng sinh sống ở tây và trung bộ châu Phi. Chúng dài 3,8-4,8 foot và cao 80 cm ở vai. Chúng nặng khoảng 130 pound (80 kg). Bộ lông màu nâu sẫm đến đen, với một sọc màu vàng ở trên chân sau. Chúng sinh sống trong mở dày đặc và rừng nhiệt đới, nơi chúng ăn hạt, trái cây, cỏ, nấm, lá.
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Bài viết về chủ đề Bộ Guốc chẵn này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Linh dương lưng vàng (danh pháp hai phần: Cephalophus silvicultor) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Trâu bò, bộ Artiodactyla. Loài này được Afzelius mô tả năm 1815. Linh dương lưng vàng sinh sống ở tây và trung bộ châu Phi. Chúng dài 3,8-4,8 foot và cao 80 cm ở vai. Chúng nặng khoảng 130 pound (80 kg). Bộ lông màu nâu sẫm đến đen, với một sọc màu vàng ở trên chân sau. Chúng sinh sống trong mở dày đặc và rừng nhiệt đới, nơi chúng ăn hạt, trái cây, cỏ, nấm, lá.
Cephalophus silvicultor Afzelius, 1815
Охранный статус
Желтоспинный ду́кер[1] (лат. Cephalophus silvicultor) — млекопитающее семейства полорогих.
Желтоспинный дукер — самый крупный из дукеров. Высота в холке составляет до 79 см[2], масса тела — до 80 кг. У него тёмный, серо-бурый волосяной покров. Отличительным признаком является жёлто-коричневое пятно, расширяющееся к задней части тела. Рога короткие и прямые.
Он живёт в Центральной Африке и встречается в национальных парках Таи, Mole, Kafue, Upemba, Salonga и Вирунга. Густые леса являются средой его обитания.
Это преимущественно одиночное животное. Основу его питания составляют плоды, ягоды и грибы. Продолжительность жизни составляет до 9 лет[3].
Желтоспинный ду́кер (лат. Cephalophus silvicultor) — млекопитающее семейства полорогих.
黃背小羚羊（Cephalophus silvicultor），又名黃背遁羚或黃背麂羚，是分佈在中非及西非的麂羚。牠們是分佈最廣的麂羚。
黃背小羚羊長3.8-4.8呎，肩高80厘米，重80公斤。牠們呈深褐色至黑色，後半身有黃色斑紋。牠們棲息在茂密及遼闊的雨林，吃種子、果實、草、真菌及葉子。
黃背小羚羊（Cephalophus silvicultor），又名黃背遁羚或黃背麂羚，是分佈在中非及西非的麂羚。牠們是分佈最廣的麂羚。
黃背小羚羊長3.8-4.8呎，肩高80厘米，重80公斤。牠們呈深褐色至黑色，後半身有黃色斑紋。牠們棲息在茂密及遼闊的雨林，吃種子、果實、草、真菌及葉子。
노란등다이커 (Cephalophus silvicultor)는 숲에서 서식하는 영양의 일종으로 우제목/경우제목 소과에 속한다. 노란등다이커는 다이커 중에서 가장 널리 분포하는 종이다. 세네갈부터 우간다에 이르는 아프리카 중부와 서부 지역의 거의 모든 곳에서 발견되며, 감비아에서도 서식하는 것으로 추정된다. 분포 지역은 남쪽으로 르완다와 부룬디, 콩고민주공화국 그리고 대부분의 잠비아 지역까지 확장된다.[2]
