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Broad-scale Impacts of Fire ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
Spring and fall prescribed burns in a Minnesota prairie killed
aboveground portions of Bebb willow. In wet habitats, fire killed the
tops of Bebb willow but did no apparent harm to underground parts [38].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Common Names ( englanti )

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Bebb willow
beak willow
beaked willow
long-beaked willow
diamond willow
chaton
Petit Minou
smooth Bebb willow
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Cover Value ( englanti )

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More info for the term: cover

Bebb willow provides cover and protection for many birds and mammals.
It also provides shade for fish in streams and ponds [1,9,15,18]. The
degree to which Bebb willow provides environmental protection during one
or more seasons for wildlife species is rated as follows [9]:

CO MT UT WY
Pronghorn ---- ---- Poor Poor
Elk ---- ---- Fair Fair
Mule deer ---- ---- Good Good
White-tailed deer Good Good ---- ----
Small mammals ---- ---- Good Good
Small nongame birds ---- ---- Good Good
Upland game birds ---- ---- Fair Good
Waterfowl ---- ---- Poor Fair
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Description ( englanti )

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More info for the terms: shrub, tree

Bebb willow is a large shrub 10 feet (3 m) tall or a small multistemmed
tree with a bushy top 15 to 25 feet (4.6-7.6 m) tall [6,23,25,41,43].
The twigs are slender and branch at wide angles, and are thinly to
densely hairy [5,41]. Largest mature leaves are 2.6 to 6 inches (7.2
cm) long [1]. The bark is smooth when young but becomes rough and
furrowed with age [41]. Roots of Bebb willow are shallow and dense
[45].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution ( englanti )

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Bebb willow occurs from Newfoundland west to Hudson Bay and across
Canada to the Yukon Territory and interior Alaska. It extends south to
southeastern Alaska, British Columbia, the mountains of Washington,
central California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming, through western
Nebraska, Montana, and south and east from North Dakota and South Dakota
to the northeastern United States [2,26,43,45].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Ecology ( englanti )

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More info for the term: fire regime

Bebb willow is greatly favored by fire in most habitats [17]. It will
sprout rapidly from basal stems following disturbance [17,18,23]. It
has small, extremely light seeds capable of dispersing over long
distances [42].

FIRE REGIMES :
Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Management Considerations ( englanti )

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Prescribed burning is a common wildlife management tool used to
rejuvenate decadent Bebb willow communities [18].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification) ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

More info for the term: phanerophyte

Phanerophyte
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat characteristics ( englanti )

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More info for the term: root collar

In northern Alberta, Bebb willow is common around sloughs in prairies,
and in foothills, upland forests, wet lowlands, thickets, and muskegs.
It is often found in thickets adjacent to streams, swamps, and lakes in
Alaska [45]. In Idaho and Montana, Bebb willow is best represented in
riparian communities within the Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) zone
and sagebrush/grass habitats. It is apparently absent in the subalpine
zone but does sometimes occur in cool Engelmann spruce (Picea
engelmannii) dominated streambottoms in the upper Douglas-fir zone
[6,18].

Soils: Bebb willow is usually found on moist sandy or gravelly soils
but is adapted to a wide variety of soil textures [45]. It will
tolerate moderately alkaline soils but does poorly in extremely acidic
or alkaline conditions [21,45]. The general pH range for willows is 5.5
to 7.5 [17]. Bebb willow can survive short periods of standing water,
but growth rates decline sharply if water persists above the root collar
[18,30]. This willow is not drought tolerant, however, and prefers
sites with adequate moisture. It is also shade intolerant and grows best
in full sunlight [45].

Elevational range: The elevational range of Bebb willow in several
states is as follows [6,9,22]:

Utah: 4,400 to 8,600 feet (1,341-2,621 m)
Colorado: 5,000 to 9,600 feet (1,524-2,926 m)
Wyoming: 4,500 to 8,300 feet (1,372-2,530 m)
Montana: 2,800 to 8,500 feet (853-2,591 m)
Arizona: 8,000 to 11,000 feet (2,438-3,353 m)
Idaho: 3,300 to 7,900 feet (1,010-2,410 m)

Plant associates: Bebb willow is commonly associated with the
following species: Pacific willow (Salix lasiandra), thinleaf alder
(Alnus tenuifolia), redosier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera), dwarfed
blackberry (Rubus pubescens), black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa),
quaking aspen (P. tremuloides), water birch (Betula occidentalis),
bluejoint reedgrass (Calamagrostis canadensis), beaked sedge (Carex
rostrata), water sedge (C. aquatilis), false-Solomons-seal (Smilacina
stellata), sweet scented bedstraw (Gallium triflorum), rush (Juncus
spp.), and bluegrass (Poa spp.) [18,19,37,45].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Cover Types ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

12 Black spruce
13 Black spruce - tamarack
16 Aspen
18 Paper birch
63 Cottonwood
107 White spruce
201 White spruce
202 White spruce - paper birch
203 Balsam poplar
204 Black spruce
210 Interior Douglas-fir
216 Blue spruce
217 Aspen
218 Lodgepole pine
222 Black cottonwood - willow
235 Cottonwood - willow
251 White spruce - aspen
252 Paper birch
253 Black spruce - white spruce
254 Black spruce - paper birch
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Ecosystem ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

More info for the term: shrub

FRES11 Spruce - fir
FRES15 Oak - hickory
FRES17 Elm - ash - cottonwood
FRES19 Aspen - birch
FRES20 Douglas-fir
FRES21 Ponderosa pine
FRES23 Fir - spruce
FRES26 Lodgepole pine
FRES34 Chaparral - mountain shrub
FRES36 Mountain grasslands
FRES38 Plains grasslands
FRES39 Prairie
FRES44 Alpine
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Plant Associations ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

More info for the term: forest

K012 Douglas-fir forest
K015 Western spruce - fir forest
K016 Eastern ponderosa forest
K017 Black Hills pine forest
K018 Pine - Douglas-fir forest
K019 Arizona pine forest
K020 Spruce - fir - Douglas-fir forest
K021 Southwestern spruce - fire forest
K037 Mountain-mahogany - oak scrub
K052 Alpine meadows and barren
K055 Sagebrush steppe
K063 Foothills prairie
K066 Wheatgrass - needlegrass
K067 Wheatgrass - bluestem - needlegrass
K074 Bluestem prairie
K081 Oak savanna
K093 Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
K098 Northern floodplain forest
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Immediate Effect of Fire ( englanti )

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Fire will kill aboveground parts of Bebb willow. High-severity fires
can completely remove organic layers and leave charred roots of willow
exposed, thus eliminating basal sprouting [46,18].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Importance to Livestock and Wildlife ( englanti )

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More info for the terms: bog, shrubs

Wildlife: Bebb willow is a major source of browse for moose, elk, and
deer [18,32,34,41]. Along the Flathead River in Montana, Bebb willow
has been rated as highly valuable browse for elk, with heavy utilization
common [18]. One year after a fire in northeastern Minnesota, Bebb
willow was browsed frequently by moose [32]. In winter, heavy snows
tend to bend the branches down so that they are in reach of both moose
and snowshoe hares [41]. Results of a southwestern Montana food habit
study showed that Bebb willow became increasingly important browse for
moose during late winter, making up 15.4 percent of the total forage
taken. Its height made it easily accessible when low-growing shrubs
such as bog birch (Betula glandulosa) and Wolf willow (Salix wolfii)
were covered with snow [10]. Bebb willow shoots, buds, and catkins are
eaten by many small mammals, birds, and beaver [17,18,43]. In Illinois,
Carolina and black-capped chickadees excavate cavities in Bebb willow
for nesting [20].

Livestock: Bebb willow stands usually grow as widely scattered shrubs,
allowing for easy livestock access. Forage production is moderate to
high, and heavy livestock use of shrubs and grasses in this habitat is
common [4]. In southwestern Montana, Bebb willow made up 10.9 percent
of the total forage consumed by cattle in the summer [10].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Key Plant Community Associations ( englanti )

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More info for the term: codominant

Bebb willow can dominate or codominate early seral willow communities
along riverbanks, streambanks, overflow channels, and seeps
[4,18,27,31,37]. Published classifications describing Bebb willow as a
dominant or codominant in community types (cts) or habitat types (hts)
are listed below:

Area Classification Authority

nw MT Riparian cts Boggs & others 1990
sw MT Riparian hts Hansen & others 1989
c & e MT Riparian & wetland cts Hansen & others 1990
Utah & se ID Riparian cts Padgett & others 1989
s Utah Riparian cts Padgett & others 1986
AZ & NM Riparian & scrubland cts Szaro 1990
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Life Form ( englanti )

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More info for the terms: shrub, tree

Tree, Shrub
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Management considerations ( englanti )

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Soil management: Soils of sites dominated by Bebb willow are often
compacted by livestock. Deferring grazing until sites are drier may
reduce trampling and compaction problems [4].

Insects: The willow sawfly can be a serious pest of willow cuttings
[45].

Control: Herbicides are sometimes used to remove willows from riparian
areas, but current environmental constraints make this practice
uncommon. Results are erratic, due to high variability within
populations and the ability of Bebb willow to rapidly sprout from
undamaged root crowns [18].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Nutritional Value ( englanti )

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Bebb willow has been rated as fair in energy value and poor in protein
value [9]. Leaves and twigs collected from northeastern Minnesota had
the following energy and nutrient values (percent dry weight) [16]:

June August Sept Dec
(leaves/twigs) (leaves) (leaves) (twigs)
---------------------------------------------------------
Energy (cal/g) ---/4,740 4,838 --- 5,094
Ash 4.9/6.2 5.7 5.2 2.1
Protein 17.9/9.7 11.5 9.4 6.3
Ether extract 3.6/2.1 3.7 4.6 4.8
Crude fiber 11.4/23.8 12.2 13.6 29.6
N-free extract 62.2/58.3 66.9 67.2 57.3

Nutrient composition (percent) of Bebb willow bark collected in the
spring from Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, was as follows
[29]:

Neutral detergent fiber: 35.5
Acid detergent fiber: 34.4
Lignin: 13.1
Cellulose: 20.4
Ash: 2.8
In vitro dry matter digestibility: 45.0
Crude Protein: 3.8
Phosphorus: 0.1
Calcium: 0.8
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Occurrence in North America ( englanti )

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AK AZ CA CO CT ID IL IN IA ME
MD MI MN MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY
OR PA RI SD UT VT WI WY AB BC
LB MB NB NF NT NS ON PE PQ SK
YT
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Other uses and values ( englanti )

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Bebb willow was formerly used for baseball bats, charcoal, and gunpowder
[41]. Native Americans used the flexible willow stems for baskets,
arrow shafts, scoops, and fish traps. Willows provided medicine for
many ailments such as cuts, indigestion, worms, and stomach complaints
[23].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Palatability ( englanti )

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Bebb willow has been rated as highly palatable to livestock, big game,
and beaver [23,45]. Willow (Salix spp.) palatability increases as the
season progresses [40]. The relish and degree of use shown by livestock
and wildlife species for Bebb willow in several western states is rated
as follows [9]:

CO MT ND UT WY

Cattle Fair ---- Fair Fair Fair
Sheep Fair ---- Fair Fair Good
Horses Fair ---- Poor Fair Poor
Pronghorn ---- ---- ---- Poor Poor
Elk ---- ---- ---- Good Good
Mule Deer ---- ---- ---- Fair Good
White-tailed deer Good Fair ---- ---- ----
Small mammals ---- ---- ---- Fair Good
Small nongame birds ---- ---- ---- Fair Good
Upland game birds ---- ---- ---- Poor Good
Waterfowl ---- ---- ---- Poor Poor
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Phenology ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

More info for the terms: fruit, seed

In general, Bebb willow flowers from April through July or August
[9,15,41]. The fruit ripens soon after flowering, followed by seed
dispersal [15,41]. Blooming dates for several western states are as
follows [9]:

Utah: April-July
Colorado: May-August
Wyoming: June-August
Montana: April-June
North Dakota: April-May
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Plant Response to Fire ( englanti )

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More info for the terms: forest, herbaceous, presence, seed

Bebb willow will sprout vigorously from the basal stem following fire
[17,18,35]. Quick hot fires will maximize sprouting [17,18]. The light
seeds readily colonize exposed mineral soil after hot fires. Bebb
willow usually becomes the dominant species in willow stands that follow
forest fires on upland sites and in thickets adjacent to streams,
swamps, and lakes of interior Alaska [41]. The degree to which this
species invades after fire, however, depends on the time of year,
weather, and presence of a mineral seedbed. A wet period after seed
dispersal allows for germination, but a dry period can cause enough seed
viability loss to prevent germination. The chance of Bebb willow
establishing after a fire lessens as available mineral soil seedbeds
become occupied by faster growing herbaceous species and mosses [42].
lisenssi
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bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Post-fire Regeneration ( englanti )

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More info for the terms: caudex, root crown, seed

survivor species; on-site surviving root crown or caudex
off-site colonizer; seed carried by wind; postfire years 1 and 2
off-site colonizer; seed carried by animals or water; postfire yr 1&2
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regeneration Processes ( englanti )

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More info for the terms: layering, root collar, seed

Sexual reproduction: Male and female flowers of Bebb willow are borne
on separate individuals. Bebb willow starts flowering from 2 to 10
years of age, with optimum seed-producing years from 10 to 30
[17,18,45]. Bees are the chief pollinating agents [15]. Large
quantities of lightweight seed (approximately 2 to 3 million per pound
[4.4-6.6 million/kg]) [15] are produced and dispersed in the spring, but
seeds remain viable for only a few days [8,17,18,45]. Seeds do not
require a period of dormancy prior to germination, but successful
establishment requires a moist, exposed mineral substrate that receives
full sunlight. These conditions are best on recent deposits of alluvial
silts and gravels along waterways or in silted-in, abandoned beaver
ponds [8,17,18,45]. Bebb willow seed germination in Alaska was 90 to
100 percent at temperatures between 41 and 77 degrees Fahrenheit (5-25
deg C). This adaptation to a wide range of temperatures is particularly
important in interior Alaska, where surface soil temperatures may vary
over a relatively wide range [46].

Vegetative reproduction: Bebb willow will establish by root shoots and
basal stem sprouting [17,45]. Stem and root fragments root naturally if
buried in moist soil. Damaged and cut stems produce prolific sprouts
from the stem base or root collar. Layering also occurs readily if
branches become buried [17].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regional Distribution in the Western United States ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):

3 Southern Pacific Border
4 Sierra Mountains
5 Columbia Plateau
6 Upper Basin and Range
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
9 Middle Rocky Mountains
10 Wyoming Basin
11 Southern Rocky Mountains
12 Colorado Plateau
13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont
15 Black Hills Uplift
16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Successional Status ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

Bebb willow is a pioneer species and once established may persist in
areas with moist site conditions or frequent disturbance such as fire or
flooding. Channel changes that reduce the availability of water may
prevent successful germination and establishment of Bebb willow within
established stands. Bebb willow has low shade tolerance and therefore
loses dominance on sites as the more shade-tolerant species such as
black cottonwood, quaking aspen, and Engelmann spruce become established
[11,18,19,27].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Taxonomy ( englanti )

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More info for the term: fern

The currently accepted scientific name for Bebb willow is Salix bebbiana
Sarg. Recognized varieties are as follows [2,5,26,45]:

Salix bebbiana var. bebbiana
Salix bebbiana var. penrostrata (Rydb.) Schneid.
Salix bebbiana var. depilis (Rays)
Salix bebbiana var. projecta (Fern.) Schneid.
Salix bebbiana var. capreifolia (Fern.) Fern.
Salix bebbiana var. luxerians (Fern.) Fern.
lisenssi
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bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Value for rehabilitation of disturbed sites ( englanti )

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More info for the terms: hardwood, seed

Bebb willow is a relatively good soil stabilizer and is valuable for
revegetating streambanks and other disturbed sites [4,45]. Bebb willow
readily invades mine spoil piles and has been observed invading barren
acid soils near Sudbury, Ontario, particularly after such soils were
treated with lime and phosphate [45].

Bebb willow cuttings should be planted on sites that have sufficient
moisture to start and carry the cuttings through the growing season
[44]. Cuttings are best taken in the spring from dormant 2- to
4-year-old wood [4,21]. Cuttings 12 to 20 inches (30-50 cm) long and
greater than 0.4 inch (1 cm) in diameter produce best results, with the
cuttings rooting freely along the entire length of the stem. Roots and
shoots from cuttings can be expected to appear 10 to 20 days after
planting. Using root cuttings and nursery-grown stock will produce the
best results [4]. Bebb willow hardwood stem cuttings had a survival
rate of 30 to 70 percent on mine overburden in northern Alberta.
Mortality was largely attributed to rodent damage. It had poor
overwintering ability on oil sand tailings [45].

Bebb willow seed is not available from commercial sources because it is
generally viable for only a few days. The maximum period of storage is
4 to 6 weeks, but viability is markedly reduced after 10 days for seed
stored at room temperature [45].
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bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Wood Products Value ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
The wood of Bebb willow is medium hard, fine grained, lightweight, and
brittle [36,41]. Bebb willow is the most important producer of "diamond
willow". This term applies to several species with diamond-shaped
patterns on their trunks. When the stems are carved they result in a
pattern of diamond-shaped cavities with a sharp contrast between the
white sapwood and the reddish brown heartwood. Bebb willow is carved
into canes, lamp posts, furniture, and candle holders [41].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Salix bebbiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Bebb söyüdü ( azeri )

tarjonnut wikipedia AZ


Bebb söyüdü (lat. Salix bebbiana) - söyüdkimilər fəsiləsinin söyüd cinsinə aid bitki növü.

İstinadlar


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Bebb söyüdü: Brief Summary ( azeri )

tarjonnut wikipedia AZ


Bebb söyüdü (lat. Salix bebbiana) - söyüdkimilər fəsiləsinin söyüd cinsinə aid bitki növü.

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Salix bebbiana ( englanti )

tarjonnut wikipedia EN

Salix bebbiana is a species of willow indigenous to Canada and the northern United States, from Alaska and Yukon south to California and Arizona and northeast to Newfoundland and New England. Common names include beaked willow, long-beaked willow, gray willow, and Bebb's willow. This species is also called red willow by Native Americans according to The Arctic Prairies Appendix E by Ernest Tompson Seton.

Leaf underside

This plant is typically a large, fast-growing, multiple-stemmed shrub or small, shrubby tree capable of forming dense, colonial thickets. It can be found in loose, saturated soils such as that on riverbanks, lakesides, swamps, marshes, and bogs. It is capable of tolerating heavy clay and rocky soils, making it highly adaptable and durable. It is a dominant species in many marshland areas in its native range.

Leaves are alternately arranged, simple, and ovate in shape, widest near the midrib and narrowing to a tapering base and pointed tip. The leaf edges are generally entire, though sometimes finely serrated. The leaves are dull blue-green in color and smooth in texture when mature; new leaves are coated in downy hairs. The leaves are up to 5 in long and 1.5 in wide. Like other willows, this plant is dioecious, with male and female plants producing small, dangling catkins. Female flowers yield spherical seeds covered in long, threadlike fibers that help them disperse on the wind. The plant also spreads via vegetative reproduction, sprouting from the base of the stem or from segments of root, and by layering, allowing the plant to form colonies of clones.[1]

This is the most important species of diamond willow, a type of willow which produces fine, colorful wood used for carving.[1] The twigs and branches are used by Native Americans for basket weaving and arrowmaking.[1] Important host plant to 312 species of butterflies and moths

Many parts of the plant are consumed by animals, especially domestic cattle, which find the foliage a palatable forage.[1]

This species readily hybridizes with several other species of willow.[2]

References

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Salix bebbiana: Brief Summary ( englanti )

tarjonnut wikipedia EN

Salix bebbiana is a species of willow indigenous to Canada and the northern United States, from Alaska and Yukon south to California and Arizona and northeast to Newfoundland and New England. Common names include beaked willow, long-beaked willow, gray willow, and Bebb's willow. This species is also called red willow by Native Americans according to The Arctic Prairies Appendix E by Ernest Tompson Seton.

Leaf underside

This plant is typically a large, fast-growing, multiple-stemmed shrub or small, shrubby tree capable of forming dense, colonial thickets. It can be found in loose, saturated soils such as that on riverbanks, lakesides, swamps, marshes, and bogs. It is capable of tolerating heavy clay and rocky soils, making it highly adaptable and durable. It is a dominant species in many marshland areas in its native range.

Leaves are alternately arranged, simple, and ovate in shape, widest near the midrib and narrowing to a tapering base and pointed tip. The leaf edges are generally entire, though sometimes finely serrated. The leaves are dull blue-green in color and smooth in texture when mature; new leaves are coated in downy hairs. The leaves are up to 5 in long and 1.5 in wide. Like other willows, this plant is dioecious, with male and female plants producing small, dangling catkins. Female flowers yield spherical seeds covered in long, threadlike fibers that help them disperse on the wind. The plant also spreads via vegetative reproduction, sprouting from the base of the stem or from segments of root, and by layering, allowing the plant to form colonies of clones.

This is the most important species of diamond willow, a type of willow which produces fine, colorful wood used for carving. The twigs and branches are used by Native Americans for basket weaving and arrowmaking. Important host plant to 312 species of butterflies and moths

Many parts of the plant are consumed by animals, especially domestic cattle, which find the foliage a palatable forage.

This species readily hybridizes with several other species of willow.

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Salix bebbiana ( kastilia )

tarjonnut wikipedia ES
 src=
Vista de la planta
 src=
Inflorescencia
 src=
Detalle de la hoja

Salix bebbiana, es una especie de sauce perteneciente a la familia de las salicáceas. Es nativa de Canadá y el norte de Estados Unidos, desde Alaska y el Yukon al sur de California y Arizona y el noreste de Terranova y Nueva Inglaterra.

Descripción

Las hojas son alternas, simples y ovaladas. Los bordes de las hojas son dentados, con grandes dientes gruesos, irregulares, una característica que distingue a la especie de otros sauces, que tienen estrías mucho más finas en sus hojas. Las hojas son de color verde opaco de color azul y de textura suave cuando está madura, las nuevas hojas están recubiertas de pelos suaves. Al igual que otros sauces, esta planta es dioica, con plantas masculinas y femeninas produciendo pequeños amentos colgantes. Las flores femeninas producen semillas esféricas cubiertas de largas fibras filiformes, que les ayudan a dispersarse por el viento. La planta también se propaga a través de la reproducción vegetativa, que brota de la base del tallo o de los segmentos de la raíz, y por capas, permitiendo a la planta formar colonias.[1]

Hábitat

Esta planta tiene un gran y rápido crecimiento, son arbustos o pequeños árboles con tallos múltiples, capaces de formar densos matorrales. Se puede encontrar en suelos sueltos, saturados, como riberas de los ríos, de lagos, ciénagas y pantanos . Es capaz de tolerar la pesada arcilla y los suelos rocosos, por lo que es muy adaptable y duradero. Se trata de una especie dominante en muchas zonas pantanosas en su rango nativo.

Usos

Esta es la especie más importante que produce finas y coloridas maderas utilizadas para tallar.[1]​ Las ramitas y las ramas son utilizadas por los nativos americanos de la cestería y arcos.[1]

Muchas partes de la planta son consumidas por los animales, especialmente ganado doméstico, que encuentran en el follaje un sabroso forraje.[1]

Esta especie fácilmente híbrida con otras especies de sauce.[2]

Taxonomía

Salix bebbiana fue descrita por Charles Sprague Sargent y publicado en Garden & Forest 8(404): 463, en el año 1895.[3]

Etimología

Salix: nombre genérico latino para el sauce, sus ramas y madera.[4]

bebbiana: epíteto otorgado en honor del botánico estadounidense Michael Schuck Bebb.

Sinonimia
  • Salix cinerascens (Wahlenb.) Flod.
  • Salix depressa var. cinerascens (Wahlenb.) Fr.
  • Salix depressa subsp. rostrata (Andersson) Hiitonen
  • Salix livida var. cinerascens Wahlenb.
  • Salix livida var. occidentalis (Andersson) A. Gray
  • Salix livida var. rostrata (Andersson) Dippel
  • Salix macropoda Stschegl.
  • Salix orotchonorum KIMURA
  • Salix perrostrata Rydb.
  • Salix rostrata Richardson
  • Salix rostrata var. capreifolia Fernald
  • Salix rostrata var. luxurians Fernald
  • Salix rostrata var. perrostrata (Rydb.) Fernald
  • Salix rostrata var. projecta Fernald
  • Salix starkeana subsp. bebbiana (Sarg.) Youngberg
  • Salix starkeana subsp. cinerascens (Wahlenb.) Hultén
  • Salix vagans var. cinerascens (Wahlenb.) Andersson
  • Salix vagans var. occidentalis Andersson
  • Salix xerophila Flod.[5]

Referencias

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Salix bebbiana: Brief Summary ( kastilia )

tarjonnut wikipedia ES
 src= Vista de la planta  src= Inflorescencia  src= Detalle de la hoja

Salix bebbiana, es una especie de sauce perteneciente a la familia de las salicáceas. Es nativa de Canadá y el norte de Estados Unidos, desde Alaska y el Yukon al sur de California y Arizona y el noreste de Terranova y Nueva Inglaterra.

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Salix floderusii ( ranska )

tarjonnut wikipedia FR

Salix floderusii est une espèce de saule originaire de Corée du Sud[1].

Synonymie

  • Salix floderusii v. manshurica Nakai ;
  • Salix xerophila v. manshurica (Nakai) Kitag[2].

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Salix floderusii: Brief Summary ( ranska )

tarjonnut wikipedia FR

Salix floderusii est une espèce de saule originaire de Corée du Sud.

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Finnmarksvier ( norja )

tarjonnut wikipedia NO

Finnmarksvier (Salix bebbiana var bebbiana) er en busk av pilefamilien (vierfamilien) av maksimalt 2 - 5 meters høyde og oppreist. Den er relativt sjelden i Norge. Arten vokser hos oss i indre Finnmark, dvs på Finnmarksvidda og videre innover nordre Finland og Kolahalvøya. Den foretrekker sandjord, furumoer, sandmoer, elvebredder, grusmark, skråninger eller steinur. . Den kan av og til danne hybrid med krypvier eller ørevier.

 src=
Finnmarksvier i USA.
Foto: Matt Lavin

Finnmarksvier er en busk på normalt 50 - 200 cm lengde, i sjeldne tilfeller opp til 500 cm (5 meter). Den er oppstigende med gråbrun bark og såkalte vedåser. Årskvistene og ferske skudd er loddengrå. Bladene er lansettformede, spisse i begge ender, og inntil 4 cm lange. Blandskivene er mellomgrønne oppå og gråblå-grønne under. De er tett krushåret oppå og lodne under. Bladene er nærmest elliptisk formet. Antall sidenerver er 6-8 par. Ørebladene er fraværende. Blomstringen foregår i juni.

Raklene er korte og relativt glisne, de står på ullhårete grålodne skaft med få blader på. Raklene er lyst brune eller blekbrune. Den hårete og blanke kapselen er lang, og har en kort griffel med kløvde og utover-buede arr.

Utbredelse

Finnmarksvier vokser i Sibir og er i Norden utbredt i nordlige Finland og inn på Finnmarksvidda. Den vokser også i store deler av Canada og i USA spredt i Rocky Mountains, og dessuten rundt De store sjøene ned til Chicago og ned til New York City.

Varianter og hybrider

Finnmarksvier danner tidvis to ulike hybrider:

  • Hybrid Finnmarksvier-ørevier (Salix bebbiana x aurita)
  • Hybrid Finnmarksvier-krypvier (Salix repens x bebbiana)

Kilder

  • Stenberg, Lennart & Bo Mossberg, Steinar Moen (norsk red.), Gyldendals store nordiske flora, Gyldendal, Oslo 2007. ISBN 978-82-05-32563-0.

Eksterne lenker

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Finnmarksvier: Brief Summary ( norja )

tarjonnut wikipedia NO

Finnmarksvier (Salix bebbiana var bebbiana) er en busk av pilefamilien (vierfamilien) av maksimalt 2 - 5 meters høyde og oppreist. Den er relativt sjelden i Norge. Arten vokser hos oss i indre Finnmark, dvs på Finnmarksvidda og videre innover nordre Finland og Kolahalvøya. Den foretrekker sandjord, furumoer, sandmoer, elvebredder, grusmark, skråninger eller steinur. . Den kan av og til danne hybrid med krypvier eller ørevier.

 src= Finnmarksvier i USA. Foto: Matt Lavin

Finnmarksvier er en busk på normalt 50 - 200 cm lengde, i sjeldne tilfeller opp til 500 cm (5 meter). Den er oppstigende med gråbrun bark og såkalte vedåser. Årskvistene og ferske skudd er loddengrå. Bladene er lansettformede, spisse i begge ender, og inntil 4 cm lange. Blandskivene er mellomgrønne oppå og gråblå-grønne under. De er tett krushåret oppå og lodne under. Bladene er nærmest elliptisk formet. Antall sidenerver er 6-8 par. Ørebladene er fraværende. Blomstringen foregår i juni.

Raklene er korte og relativt glisne, de står på ullhårete grålodne skaft med få blader på. Raklene er lyst brune eller blekbrune. Den hårete og blanke kapselen er lang, og har en kort griffel med kløvde og utover-buede arr.

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Salix bebbiana ( ruotsi )

tarjonnut wikipedia SV


Salix bebbiana[1] är en videväxtart som beskrevs av Charles Sprague Sargent. Salix bebbiana ingår i släktet viden, och familjen videväxter.[2][3] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[2] Salix bebbiana växer naturligt i Sibirien, Norden, samt Kanada och norra USA.[2][4]


Källor

  1. ^ Sarg., 1895 In: Gard. & For. 8: 463
  2. ^ [a b c] Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed) (23 mars 2014). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/details/species/id/16756670. Läst 26 maj 2014.
  3. ^ World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World
  4. ^ * Stenberg, Lennart & Bo Mossberg, Steinar Moen (norsk red.), Gyldendals store nordiske flora, Gyldendal, Oslo 2007. ISBN 978-82-05-32563-0.


Externa länkar


Blue morpho butterfly 300x271.jpg Denna artikel om viden saknar väsentlig information. Du kan hjälpa till genom att tillföra sådan.
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Salix bebbiana: Brief Summary ( ruotsi )

tarjonnut wikipedia SV


Salix bebbiana är en videväxtart som beskrevs av Charles Sprague Sargent. Salix bebbiana ingår i släktet viden, och familjen videväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life. Salix bebbiana växer naturligt i Sibirien, Norden, samt Kanada och norra USA.


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Salix bebbiana ( vietnam )

tarjonnut wikipedia VI

Salix bebbiana là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Liễu. Loài này được Sarg. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1895.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Salix bebbiana. Truy cập ngày 31 tháng 8 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Bài viết Họ Liễu này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Salix bebbiana: Brief Summary ( vietnam )

tarjonnut wikipedia VI

Salix bebbiana là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Liễu. Loài này được Sarg. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1895.

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Ива Бебба ( venäjä )

tarjonnut wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Растения
Подцарство: Зелёные растения
Отдел: Цветковые
Надпорядок: Rosanae
Семейство: Ивовые
Род: Ива
Вид: Ива Бебба
Международное научное название

Salix bebbiana Sarg.

Синонимы
Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
Commons-logo.svg
Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 22507NCBI 75707EOL 584378GRIN t:312149IPNI 777152-1TPL kew-5001777

И́ва Бебба[3] (лат. Salix bebbiana) — вид лиственных деревьев или кустарников из рода Ива (Salix) семейства Ивовые (Salicaceae).

Распространение и экология

В природе ареал вида охватывает центральные районы Восточной Сибири (Эвенкия и Якутия), Дальний Восток России, всю территорию Канады, северные и центральные штаты США[4].

Ботаническое описание

Кустарник высотой 2—5 м, реже дерево высотой 8 м. Молодые ветви серо- или красно-бурые, сильно опушённые, часто войлочные.

Почки мелкие, острые, желтоватые, волосистые. Прилистники полусердцевидные, острые, опадающие. Листья жёсткие, от яйцевидных до ланцетных, с округлым или клиновидным основанием, коротко заострённые, с острозубчатым завороченным краем, с обеих сторон или только снизу густо-беловойлочные, длиной 2,5—7,5 см, шириной 2—4 см, на черешках длиной 0,4—1,2 см.

Серёжки на коротких боковых веточках, развиваются почти одновременно с листьями или несколько позже, длиной 2—4 см. Прицветные чешуи языковидные или узко-яйцевидные, светлые, волосистые, остающиеся или опадающие. Тычинки в числе двух, свободные, голые, с жёлтыми пыльниками. Завязь шиловидно-коническая, длиной 5—6 мм, шелковистая; столбик короткий или почти незаметный; рыльце двух—четырёх-раздельное, почти сидячее.

Таксономия

Вид Ива Бебба входит в род Ива (Salix) семейства Ивовые (Salicaceae) порядка Мальпигиецветные (Malpighiales).


ещё 36 семейств (согласно Системе APG II) ещё более 500 видов порядок Мальпигиецветные род Ива отдел Цветковые, или Покрытосеменные семейство Ивовые вид
Ива Бебба
ещё 44 порядка цветковых растений
(согласно Системе APG II) ещё около 57 родов

Примечания

  1. Об условности указания класса двудольных в качестве вышестоящего таксона для описываемой в данной статье группы растений см. раздел «Системы APG» статьи «Двудольные».
  2. 1 2 По данным сайта ITIS (см. карточку растения).
  3. Русское название таксона — согласно следующему изданию:
    Шрётер А. И., Панасюк В. А. Словарь названий растений = Dictionary of Plant Names / Межд. союз биол. наук, Нац. к-т биологов России, Всерос. ин-т лек. и ароматич. растений Рос. сельскохоз. академии; Под ред. проф. В. А. Быкова. — Koenigstein: Koeltz Scientific Books, 1999. — С. 669. — 1033 с. — ISBN 3-87429-398-X.
  4. По данным сайта GRIN (см. карточку растения).
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Ива Бебба: Brief Summary ( venäjä )

tarjonnut wikipedia русскую Википедию

И́ва Бебба (лат. Salix bebbiana) — вид лиственных деревьев или кустарников из рода Ива (Salix) семейства Ивовые (Salicaceae).

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