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Common Names ( englanti )

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swamp milkweed
milkweed
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bibliografinen lainaus
Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Description ( englanti )

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More info for the terms: caudex, rootstock

Swamp milkweed is an erect plant, 11 to 18 inches (0.3-0.5 m) tall, with
milky sap. It has a short rootstock or caudex with shallow fibrous
roots. A plant may have one to several leafy stems. Its lance-shaped,
opposite leaves have short stalks. Flowers have many elaborate
structures (e.g., hoods and horns) and are arranged in flesh-colored
terminal umbels [23].
lisenssi
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bibliografinen lainaus
Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: swamp

Swamp milkweed is found throughout the eastern and midwestern United
States and Canada. It occurs from Prince Edward Island and Maine west
to southern Manitoba [20,23,21]. Swamp milkweed continues southeast
through the Midwest and Great Plains to Florida [6,15,18]. Its
distribution extends westward to Texas and New Mexico [2,20,24]. Six
disjunct areas of its range occur in southern Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada,
and north, central, and south Utah [3,26].
lisenssi
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bibliografinen lainaus
Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Ecology ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: fire regime, seed, severity, swamp

The moist habitat of swamp milkweed discourages fire entry. Swamp
milkweed is very shallowly rooted; it would most likely be killed in a
fire of any severity. Adjacent communities may serve as seed sources
after a fire. Swamp milkweed is a component of prairie wetlands, so it
has evolved with some fire exposure.

FIRE REGIMES :
Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
lisenssi
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bibliografinen lainaus
Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification) ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

More info for the term: hemicryptophyte

Hemicryptophyte
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Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat characteristics ( englanti )

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Swamp milkweed is a semiaquatic plant [3]. It occurs in a range of wet
conditions from standing water to saturated soil. A riparian species,
it is found on streambanks, pond shores, banks, and floodplains of
lakes, waterways, marshes, swamps, and wet areas of prairies
[6,13,18,21]. Additionally, it occurs in wet meadows and in low wet
woods [23].
lisenssi
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bibliografinen lainaus
Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Cover Types ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

More info for the term: swamp

45 Pitch pine
50 Black locust
53 White oak
55 Northern red oak
57 Yellow-poplar
58 Yellow-poplar - eastern hemlock
59 Yellow-poplar - white oak - northern red oak
61 River birch - sycamore
64 Sassafras - persimmon
65 Pin oak - sweetgum
69 Sand pine
70 Longleaf pine
73 Southern redcedar
75 Shortleaf pine
79 Virginia pine
80 Loblolly pine - shortleaf pine
81 Loblolly pine - shortleaf pine
83 Longleaf pine - slash pine
84 Slash pine
87 Sweet gum - yellow-poplar
88 Willow oak - water oak - diamondleaf oak
89 Live oak
91 Swamp chestnut oak - cherrybark oak
96 Overcup oak - water hickory
97 Atlantic white cedar
101 Baldcypress
102 Baldcypress - tupelo
103 Water tupelo - swamp tupelo
104 Sweetbay - swamp tupelo - redbay
105 Tropical hardwoods
109 Hawthorn
110 Black oak
111 South Florida slash pine
222 Black cottonwood - willow
235 Cottonwood - willow
252 Paper birch
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Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Ecosystem ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

FRES12 Longleaf - slash pine
FRES13 Loblolly - shortleaf pine
FRES15 Oak - hickory
FRES16 Oak - gum - cypress
FRES28 Western hardwoods
lisenssi
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bibliografinen lainaus
Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Plant Associations ( englanti )

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This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

More info for the term: forest

K025 Alder - ash forest
K081 Oak savanna
K082 Mosaic of K074 and K100
K084 Cross Timbers
K089 Black Belt
K090 Live oak - sea oats
K091 Cypress savanna
K100 Oak - hickory forest
K104 Appalachian oak forest
K105 Mangrove
K110 Northeastern oak - pine forest
K111 Oak - hickory - pine forest
K112 Southern mixed forest
K113 Southern floodplain forest
K114 Pocosin
K115 Sand pine scrub
K116 Subtropical pine forest
lisenssi
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bibliografinen lainaus
Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Immediate Effect of Fire ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: caudex, fire severity, seed, severity, swamp

No fire studies on this plant have been reported. A fire would kill
swamp milkweed back to the caudex. In moist soil, the caudex is usually
not deeply rooted. Death would depend upon fire severity. It may
survive a cool fire. Late season (summer and fall) fires would have the
greatest effect on this species. Since its seeds are not shed until
October or November, a late season fire would kill the seed crop of the
current year.
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Importance to Livestock and Wildlife ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: swamp

Swamp milkweed foliage and stems have been reported to cause mortality
in sheep. It is not known why sheep are so susceptible [7,12].
Muskrats are unaffected by swamp milkweed and readily eat the roots
[23].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Life Form ( englanti )

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More info for the term: forb

Forb
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Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Occurrence in North America ( englanti )

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AZ CT FL GA ID IL IN LA ME MA
MI MN MO NV NH NM ND OK RI SC
SD TN TX UT VT VA WI WY MB NB
NS ON PE PQ
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Other uses and values ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: seed

Swamp milkweed seeds have long hairs, called comas. Seed comas have
been used as pillow and lifejacket stuffing [3,23]. Stem fibers have
been suggested as substitutes for flax and hemp [3]. Young shoots,
inflorescences, and leaves may be cooked with several changes of water
and eaten [23]. This plant causes dermititis.
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Palatability ( englanti )

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Milkweeds in general are not palatable to wildlife. The bitter milky
juice is high in alkaloids [17]. Most animals avoid it unless forced to
eat it on overgrazed pastures [17].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Phenology ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

More info for the term: swamp

Across its range, swamp milkweed begins to flower during the last week
of June or the first week in July and continues until August or
September [2,6,15,18,21,23]. Individual flowers remain open for about 1
week [9]. Fruits mature from August through October [2,6,15,18,21,23].
After maturation, follicles split open on one side to release seeds
during October and November [23].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Plant Response to Fire ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: caudex, fruit, seed, severity, surface fire, swamp

Following a cool surface fire, swamp milkweed sprouts from the caudex
and produces fruit. If plants have been killed, off-site seeds will be
wind dispersed into the burned area. This seed will germinate on burned
areas during the first postfire growing season, provided soil conditions
are wet.

Long-term response: Swamp milkweed should have no difficulties in
maintaining populations. It can self-fertilize; sexual reproduction
will continue, despite a reduced number of colonizing plants.

Plant recovery is controlled by the severity of the fire and
availability of adequately wet habitat.
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Post-fire Regeneration ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: caudex, root crown, seed

survivor species; on-site surviving root crown or caudex
off-site colonizer; seed carried by wind; postfire years 1 and 2
lisenssi
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bibliografinen lainaus
Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regeneration Processes ( englanti )

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More info for the terms: caudex, rootstock, seed, stratification, swamp

Swamp milkweed readily germinates from seed shed the previous year (50
to 88 percent germination [11]) after cold stratification, 39 degrees
Fahrenheit (4 deg C), for approximately 9 months. A plant puts up an
average of one stem from a short caudex and sprouts each year from this
rootstock. Flowers are insect pollinated (Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera)
[10]. Seeds have long hairs that facilitate wind dispersal in the fall.
Swamp milkweed is self-fertile [8]. It very rarely reproduces asexually
by rhizomes [8].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regional Distribution in the Western United States ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):

6 Upper Basin and Range
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
10 Wyoming Basin
11 Southern Rocky Mountains
12 Colorado Plateau
13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont
14 Great Plains
lisenssi
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Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Successional Status ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

Swamp milkweed is a colonizer. It has wind-dispersed seeds and can
self-fertilize.
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Synonyms ( englanti )

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Asclepias pulchra Ehrh. ex Willd.
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Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Taxonomy ( englanti )

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More info for the term: swamp

The currently accepted scientific name of swamp milkweed is Asclepias incarnata L.
(Asclepidaceae). There is disagreement in the taxonomic literature
about infrataxa treatment. Two subspecies are recognized:

Asclepias incarnata ssp. incarnata [23]
A. i. ssp. pulchra (Ehrh. ex Willd.) Woods. [23]

Also recognized are the following variety and forms:

A. i. var. incarnata f. incarnata [21]
A. i. var. incarnata f. albiflora--Found only in Missouri [21]
A. i. var. incarnata f. rosea Bowin--Found only in southern
Ontario, Canada [18].

This report does not use infrataxa; they rarely appear in the
literature.
lisenssi
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bibliografinen lainaus
Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Value for rehabilitation of disturbed sites ( englanti )

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More info for the term: seed

Swamp milkweed is currently used in Wisconsin for wetland rehabilitation
[11]. It is included in commercially available seed mixes.
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Pavek, Diane S. 1992. Asclepias incarnata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution ( kastilia )

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Asclepias incarnata ( asturia )

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Asclepias incarnata ye una especie de la familia de les apocinacees.

 src=
Inflorescencia
 src=
Flores
 src=
Flores con una Sphex ichneumoneus tomando'l néctar
 src=
Fueyes brotando del tarmu

Descripción

Ye una planta yerbácea nativa d'América del Norte[1]erecta, qu'algama los 100 a 150 centímetros d'altor, con grueses y carnosos raigaños de color blancu. Los tarmos son ramificaos y formen un macizu de plantes, surden a finales de primavera dempués de que la mayoría d'otres plantes empezaron a crecer. Les fueyes son opuestes de 7 a 15 centímetros de llargu y estreches en forma de llanza. Floria d'empiezos a mediaos de branu, cola producción de pequeñes y fragantes flores de color rosa a malva (dacuando blancu) n'arrondaes umbeles. Les flores tienen cinco pétalos y una corona central recoyida. Dempués de floriar, crecen les vaines verdes, d'alredor de 12 centímetros de llargu, llargues y relativamente delgaes y arrondaes que crecen erectas. Les vaines ábrense cuando tán madures, dende finales del branu a finales de la seronda lliberando les granes esplanaes de color ablancazáu a marrón escuro con pelos sedosos y blancos que faen que sían fácilmente abasnaes pol vientu.[2]

Hábitat

Alcuéntrase en llugares con suelos húmedos y cultívase tamién como una planta de xardín poles sos curioses flores que son apreciaes poles camparines. Al igual que la mayoría de les demás Asclepias tien la cazumbre con productos químicos tóxicos,[3] utilizáu pa repeler los inseutos y los animales herbívoros.

Prefier suelos húmedos con plenu sol o con solombra parcial, de normal crez montesa cerca de los cantos d'estanques, llagos, regueros y zones baxes a lo llargo de cabianes o.[4] Ye unu de los meyores alimentos de la Mariposa monarca que deposita los sos güevos nes plantes onde les gates alimentar de les fueyes. Los sos raigaños especializáronse pa vivir en suelos húmedos pesaos, trupos n'ambientes baxos n'osíxenu.

Usos

Esta especie cultívase sobremanera nos xardinos p'atraer camparines. El color de la flor puede variar de tonos más escuros de moráu a púrpura rosáu nidiu, tamién esisten flores de color blancu. Un gran númberu de cultivares atópense disponibles y les plantes utilizar pa esibir les flores fresques cortaes de llarga duración, dacuando, tamién s'usen les vaines.

Na medicina tradicional usóse como estomacal, emético, diuréticu, purgante, sudoríparu y vermífugo.[5]

Taxonomía

Asclepias incarnata describióse por Carlos Linneo y espublizóse en Species Plantarum 1: 215. 1753.[6]

Etimoloxía

Asclepias: nome xenéricu que Carlos Linneo nomó n'honor d'Esculapio (dios griegu de la medicina), poles munches aplicaciones melecinales que tien la planta.

incarnata: epítetu llatín que significa "de color rosa carne".[7]

Sinonimia
  • Acerates incarnata Decne.
  • Asclepias albiflora Raf.
  • Asclepias amoena Brongn.
  • Asclepias incarnata f. albiflora (Raf.) A.Heller
  • Asclepias incarnata f. candida Fernald
  • Asclepias incarnata var. glabra Eaton & Wright
  • Asclepias incarnata var. longifolia A. Gray
  • Asclepias incarnata f. rosea B.Boivin
  • Asclepias maritima Raf. ex Decne.
  • Asclepias verecunda Salisb.[8]

Ver tamién

Referencies

  1. «PLANTS Profile for Asclepias incarnata (swamp milkweed) | USDA PLANTS».
  2. «NPWRC :: Midwestern Wetland Flora».
  3. Foster, Steven; Cares, Roger A.. A field guide to venomous animals and poisonous plants, North America, north of Mexico. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 122. ISBN 9780395936085.
  4. «Asclepias incarnata».
  5. en Plantes útiles
  6. «Asclepias incarnata». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultáu'l 21 de payares de 2012.
  7. n'Epítetos Botánicos
  8. Asclepias incarnata en PlantList

Bibliografía

  1. CONABIO. 2009. Catálogu taxonómicu d'especies de Méxicu. 1. In Capital Nat. Méxicu. CONABIO, Mexico City.
  2. Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
  3. Cronquist, A. J., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal & P. K. Holmgren. 1984. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. 4: 1–573. In A. J. Cronquist, A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal & P. K. Holmgren (eds.) Intermount. Fl.. Hafner Pub. Co., New York.
  4. Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
  5. Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Sympetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 3. 596 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. O.S. (ed. 3). New York Botanical Garden, New York.
  6. Gleason, H. A. & A. J. Cronquist. 1991. Man. Vasc. Pl. N.Y. O.S. (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
  7. Godfrey, R. K. & J. W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic Wetland Pl. S.Y. O.S. Dicot. 933 pp. Univ. Xeorxa Press, Athens.
  8. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Fl. Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence.
  9. Long, R. W. & O. K. Lakela. 1971. Fl. Trop. Florida i–xvii, 1–962. University of Miami Press, Coral Cables.
  10. Mayberry, M. W. 1938. An anatomical study of Asclepias pumila, A. incarnata and A. quadrifolia. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 41: 127–137.
  11. Schwegman, J. Y. 1991. The Vascular Flora of Langham Island, Kankakee County, Illinois. Erigenia 11: 1–8.
  12. Scoggan, H. J. 1979. Dicotyledoneae (Loasaceae to Compositae). Part 4. 1117–1711 pp. In Fl. Canada. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa.

Enllaces esternos

Cymbidium Clarisse Austin 'Best Pink' Flowers 2000px.JPG Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Botánica, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies.
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Asclepias incarnata: Brief Summary ( asturia )

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Asclepias incarnata

Asclepias incarnata ye una especie de la familia de les apocinacees.

 src= Inflorescencia  src= Flores  src= Flores con una Sphex ichneumoneus tomando'l néctar  src= Fueyes brotando del tarmu
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Sumpf-Seidenpflanze ( saksa )

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Die Sumpf-Seidenpflanze (Asclepias incarnata) ist eine Pflanzenart in der Familie der Hundsgiftgewächse (Apocynaceae). Sie stammt aus Nordamerika.

Beschreibung

 src=
Ausschnitt eines Blütenstandes
 src=
Offene Balgfrüchte mit Samen und ihren Flughaaren

Die Sumpf-Seidenpflanze ist eine aufrechte, ausdauernde, krautige Pflanze, die Wuchshöhen von 30 bis 150 cm erreicht. Die ganze Pflanze führt einen weißen Milchsaft.[1] Die gegenständigen Laubblätter sind etwa 10 cm lang, schmal lanzettlich geformt und laufen spitz zu.[2]

Die Sumpf-Seidenpflanze blüht von Juni bis September und bringt kleine, duftende, rosa bis lilafarbene (manchmal weiße) Blüten in runden, doldigen Blütenständen hervor. Die zwittrigen Blüten sind radiärsymmetrisch und fünfzählig. Die fünf grünlichen Kelchblätter zeigen nach unten.[2] Die fünf gebogenen Blütenkronblätter sind 3 bis 4 mm lang. Die fünf Staubblätter besitzen je ein tütenförmiges Anhängsel, diese bilden die Nebenkrone. Aus jedem Segment der Nebenkrone ragt ein Hörnchen, diese sind länger als die Nebenkrone.[1] Es sind zwei oberständige Fruchtblätter vorhanden.[2]

Die aufrecht stehenden Balgfrüchte besitzen eine glatte Oberfläche.[1] Die hell bis dunkelbraunen flachen Samenkörner verfügen über silberweiße Flughaare, die ihre Verfrachtung durch Wind ermöglichen.

Ökologie

Die Sumpf-Seidenpflanze wächst auf feuchten oder nassen Böden und wird wegen ihrer attraktiven Blüten, die von Schmetterlingen oder anderen Bestäubern wegen des reichlichen Nektars besucht werden, auch als Zierpflanze im Garten angebaut. Wie die meisten anderen Seidenpflanzen-Arten (Asclepias) enthält ihr Saft giftige Bestandteile,[3] die Schadinsekten und Pflanzenfresser fernhalten.

Vorkommen

Die Sumpf-Seidenpflanze kommt weit verbreitet in Nordamerika östlich der Rocky Mountains vor. Sie bevorzugt feuchtehaltende bis sumpfige Böden in voller Sonne bis Halbschatten und kommt in der Natur typischerweise am Rand von Teichen, Seen, Bächen und Niederungen und Wassergräben vor. Sie hat sich an schwere, nasse Böden, die arm an Sauerstoff sind, angepasst.[4]

Systematik

Man kann zwei Unterarten unterscheiden:

  • Asclepias incarnata subsp. incarnata: Sie kommt im zentralen und östlichen Kanada und in den westlich-zentralen und östlichen Vereinigten Staaten vor.[5]
  • Asclepias incarnata subsp. pulchra (Ehrh. ex Willd.) Woodson: Sie kommt von Nova Scotia bis zu den südlich-zentralen und östlichen Vereinigten Staaten vor.[5]

Verwendung

Die Sumpf-Seidenpflanze wird mit vielen Zuchtformen als Zierpflanze verwendet.[1] Sie werden besonders in Gärten angepflanzt, um Schmetterlinge anzuziehen. Der Nektar zieht viele Schmetterlingsarten und auch Insekten an. Sie werden vor allem wegen ihrer langhaltenden Blüten, aber manchmal auch wegen ihrer ungewöhnlichen Balgfrüchte, als frische Schnittblumen verkauft.

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c d Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (Hrsg.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Band 5. Krautige Zier- und Nutzpflanzen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8, S. 190.
  2. a b c Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) (Memento vom 14. Dezember 2014 im Internet Archive)
  3. Foster, Steven; Caras, Roger A.: A field guide to venomous animals and poisonous plants, North America, north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin, Boston 1994, ISBN 9780395936085, S. 122.
  4. Plants Profile for Asclepias incarnata (Swamp Milkweed). In: Natural Resources Conservation Service. USDA.. Abgerufen am 30. März 2009.
  5. a b Rafaël Govaerts (Hrsg.): Asclepias. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) – The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, abgerufen am 3. Januar 2020.
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Sumpf-Seidenpflanze: Brief Summary ( saksa )

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Die Sumpf-Seidenpflanze (Asclepias incarnata) ist eine Pflanzenart in der Familie der Hundsgiftgewächse (Apocynaceae). Sie stammt aus Nordamerika.

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Asclepias incarnata ( englanti )

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Asclepias incarnata, the swamp milkweed, rose milkweed, rose milkflower, swamp silkweed, or white Indian hemp, is a herbaceous perennial plant species native to North America.[3] It grows in damp through wet soils and also is cultivated as a garden plant for its flowers, which attract butterflies and other pollinators with nectar. Like most other milkweeds, it has latex containing toxic chemicals,[4] a characteristic that repels insects and other herbivorous animals.

Description

Swamp milkweed is an upright, 100 to 150 cm (39 to 59 in) tall plant, growing from thick, fleshy, white roots. Typically, its stems are branched and the clump forming plants emerge in late spring after most other plants have begun growth for the year. The oppositely arranged leaves are 7.5 to 15 cm (3 to 6 in) long and 1 to 4 cm (12 to 1+12 in) wide and are narrow and lance-shaped, with the ends tapering to a sharp point.[5]

The plants bloom in early through mid-summer, producing small, fragrant, pink to mauve (sometimes white) colored flowers in rounded umbellate racemes. The flower color varies from darker shades of purple through soft, pinkish purple, and a white flowering form exists as well. The actinomorphic flowers have five reflexed petals and an elevated central crown. After blooming, green follicles, approximately 12 cm (4+34 in) long, are produced that when ripe, split open. They then release light or dark brown flat seeds that are attached to silver-white, silky hairs which catch the wind. This natural mechanism for seed dispersal is similar to that used by other milkweed species.[6]

Taxonomy

As of July 2021, Kew's Plants of the World Online (POWO) accepts 2 infraspecies,[2] each having numerous synonyms:[7][8]

  • Asclepias incarnata subsp. incarnata
    • Synonym: Asclepias albiflora Raf.
    • Synonym: Asclepias amoena Brongn.
    • Synonym: Asclepias incarnata f. albiflora (Raf.) A.Heller
    • Synonym: Asclepias incarnata f. candida Fernald
    • Synonym: Asclepias incarnata var. glabra Eaton & Wright
    • Synonym: Asclepias incarnata f. rosea B.Boivin
    • Synonym: Asclepias maritima Raf. ex Decne.
    • Synonym: Asclepias verecunda Salisb.
  • Asclepias incarnata subsp. pulchra (Ehrh. ex Willd.) Woodson
    • Synonym: Asclepias incarnata var. neoscotica Fernald
    • Synonym: Asclepias incarnata f. pulchra (Ehrh. ex Willd.) Voss
    • Synonym: Asclepias incarnata var. pulchra (Ehrh. ex Willd.) Pers.
    • Synonym: Asclepias pulchra Ehrh. ex Willd.
    • Synonym: Asclepias pulchra f. albiflora House

The flower stalks and abaxial leaf surfaces of subspecies pulchra are abundantly pubescent, whereas those of the autonymous subspecies are nearly glabrous.[9]

Habitat

Swamp milkweed prefers moisture-retentive damp soils in full sun or partial shade. It is typically found growing wild near the edges of ponds, lakes, streams, and low areas, or along ditches.[10] It is one of the best attractors of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), which feeds on the flowers and lays eggs on the plants.[11] The emerging caterpillars feed on the leaves.

The plants have specialized roots which function in heavy, wet soils. The scented, thick, white roots are in environments low in oxygen. Blooming occurs in mid- through late summer, and after blooming long, relatively thin, rounded follicles are produced that grow uprightly. They split open in late summer through late fall, releasing seeds attached to silky hairs, which act as parachutes that carry the seeds in wind currents.

Cultivation

A. incarnata is cultivated frequently, and a number of cultivars are available. They are used especially in gardens designed to attract butterflies (see Butterfly gardening). The nectar of the plant attracts many other species of insect as well. The plants are also sold as freshly cut flowers, mostly for their long-lasting flower display, but sometimes for the distinctive follicles.

Monarch Watch provides information on rearing monarchs and their host plants.[12] Efforts to increase monarch butterfly populations by establishing butterfly gardens and monarch migratory "waystations" require particular attention to the target species' food preferences and population cycles, as well to the conditions needed to propagate and maintain their food plants.[13]

The seeds of some milkweeds need periods of cold treatment (cold stratification) before they will germinate.[14] To protect seeds from washing away during heavy rains and from seed–eating birds, one can cover the seeds with a light fabric or with an 0.5 in (13 mm) layer of straw mulch.[15] However, mulch acts as an insulator. Thicker layers of mulch can prevent seeds from germinating if they prevent soil temperatures from rising enough when winter ends. Further, few seedlings can push through a thick layer of mulch.[16]

Breeding monarchs prefer to lay eggs on A. incarnata.[17] The species is therefore often planted in butterfly gardens and "Monarch Waystations" to help sustain monarch butterfly populations.[18][19] However, A. incarnata is an early successional plant that usually grows at the margins of wetlands and in seasonally flooded areas.[20]

The plant is slow to spread via seeds, does not spread by runners and tends to disappear as vegetative densities increase and habitats dry out. Although A. incarnata plants can survive for up to 20 years, most live only two-five years in gardens. The species is not shade-tolerant and is not a good vegetative competitor.[20]

Images

References

  1. ^ Maiz-Tome, L. (2016). "Asclepias incarnata". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 208. e.T64264155A67728543. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T64264155A67728543.en.
  2. ^ a b "Asclepias incarnata L.". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  3. ^ (1) USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Asclepias incarnata". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
    (2) Kirk, S.; Belt, S. "Plant fact sheet for swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata)" (PDF). Beltsville, Maryland: United States Department of Agriculture: Natural Resources Conservation Service: Norman A. Berg National Plant Materials Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2021.
    (3) Holmes, Forest Russell. "Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata L.)". Plant of the Week. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture: United States Forest Service. Archived from the original on March 28, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2021.
  4. ^ Foster, S. and R. A. Caras. (1994). A Field Guide to Venomous Animals and Poisonous Plants, North America, North of Mexico. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-395-93608-5.
  5. ^ Dickinson, T.; Metsger, D.; Bull, J.; Dickinson, R. (2004). The ROM Field Guide to Wildflowers of Ontario. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum. p. 136. ISBN 0771076525. OCLC 54691765.
  6. ^ "Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata)". Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. USGS. August 3, 2006. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved March 30, 2009.
  7. ^ "Asclepias incarnata subsp. incarnata". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  8. ^ "Asclepias incarnata subsp. pulchra (Ehrh. ex Willd.) Woodson". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  9. ^ Gilman, Arthur V. (2015). New Flora of Vermont. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden, Volume 110. Bronx, New York, USA: The New York Botanical Garden Press. ISBN 978-0-89327-516-7.
  10. ^ "Asclepias incarnata". Kemper Center for Home Gardening. Missouri Botanical Garden. Archived from the original on 1 April 2009. Retrieved March 30, 2009.
  11. ^ Pocius, Victoria M.; Debinski, Diane M.; Pleasants, John M.; Bidne, Keith G.; Hellmich, Richard L. (January 8, 2018). "Monarch butterflies do not place all of their eggs in one basket: oviposition on nine Midwestern milkweed species". Ecosphere. Ecological Society of America (ESA). 9 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1002/ecs2.2064. Retrieved July 6, 2021 – via Wiley Online Library.
  12. ^ "Monarch Watch". monarchwatch.org. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
  13. ^ (1) Borders, Brianna; Lee–Mäder, Eric (2014). "Milkweed Propagation and Seed Production" (PDF). Milkweeds: A Conservation Practitioner's Guide: Plant Ecology, Seed Production Methods, and Habitat Restoration Opportunities. Portland, Oregon: The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. pp. 21–95. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
    (2) Landis, Thomas D.; Dumroese, R. Kasten (2015). "Propagating Native Milkweeds for Restoring Monarch Butterfly Habitat" (PDF). International Plant Propagators' Society, Combined Proceedings (2014). 64: 299–307. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021 – via United States Department of Agriculture: United States Forest Service.
  14. ^ (1) Borders, Brianna; Lee–Mäder, Eric (2014). "Milkweed Propagation and Seed Production: Stratification" (PDF). Milkweeds: A Conservation Practitioner's Guide: Plant Ecology, Seed Production Methods, and Habitat Restoration Opportunities. Portland, Oregon: The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. pp. 28–29. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
    (2) Landis, Thomas D.; Dumroese, R. Kasten (2015). "Propagating Native Milkweeds for Restoring Monarch Butterfly Habitat" (PDF). International Plant Propagators' Society, Combined Proceedings (2014). 64: 302. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021 – via United States Department of Agriculture: United States Forest Service. Many sources of milkweed seeds require stratification (cold, moist treatment) before sowing. In a review of stratification requirements for common milkweed, recommendations varied from as short as 7 days to as long as 11 months at 5°C (41°F) (Luna and Dumroese, 2013). Butterfly milkweed (A. tuberosa) germination increased from 29 to 48 to 62% as stratification duration increased from 0 to 30 to 60 days, respectively (Bir, 1986). Our informal natural stratification trial with showy (milkweed) and narrow leaf milkweed (A. fascicularis) in southern Oregon revealed that seeds began to germinate after 15 weeks in stratification (Fig. 3A).
    (3) Higgins, Adrian (27 May 2015). "7 milkweed varieties and where to find them". Home & Garden. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2020. Seed may be stubborn to germinate and may need a period of cold treatment..
  15. ^ (1) Mader, Eric; Shepherd, Mathew; Vaughan, Mace; Black, Scott Hoffman; LeBuhn, Gretchen (2011). Establishing Pollinator Habitat from Seed: Sowing Seed. Attracting Native Pollinators: Protecting North America's Bees and Butterflies: The Xerces Society guide. North Adams, Massachusetts: Storey Publishing. pp. 113–114. ISBN 9781603427470. LCCN 2010043054. OCLC 776997073. Retrieved July 7, 2021 – via Internet Archive.
    (2) Landis, Thomas D.; Dumroese, R. Kasten (2015). "Propagating Native Milkweeds for Restoring Monarch Butterfly Habitat: Propagating Native Milkweeds: Seed Propagation" (PDF). International Plant Propagators' Society, Combined Proceedings (2014). 64: 302. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021 – via United States Department of Agriculture: United States Forest Service. Any of the standard seed propagation methods (Landis et al., 1999) are effective with milkweed. Direct sowing of non-stratified seeds during the fall followed by exposure to ambient winter conditions can be effective, but the seeds must be mulched and protected. Cover sown seeds with a thin mulch; research has found that common milkweed seeds germinated better when planted 1 to 2 cm (0.4 to 0.8 in.) deep than when at the soil surface (Jeffery and Robison, 1971).
  16. ^ Bush-Brown, James; Bush-Brown, Louise (1958). "Chapter 32: Mulches". America's garden book. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 768. LCCN 58005738. OCLC 597041748 – via Internet Archive.
  17. ^ Pocius, Victoria M.; Debinski, Diane M.; Pleasants, John M.; Bidne, Keith G.; Hellmich, Richard L. (January 8, 2018). "Monarch butterflies do not place all of their eggs in one basket: oviposition on nine Midwestern milkweed species". Ecosphere. Ecological Society of America (ESA). 9 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1002/ecs2.2064. Retrieved July 6, 2021 – via Wiley Online Library.
  18. ^ (1) "Asclepias incarnata". North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. Raleigh, North Carolina: North Carolina State University: N.C. Cooperative Extension. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Use in a naturalized area, pollinator garden or along a pond or stream in full sun to partial shade.
    (2) "Asclepias incarnata". St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021. Uses: Sunny borders, stream/pond banks, butterfly gardens.
    (3) Gomez, Tony. "Asclepias Incarnata: Swamp Milkweed for Monarch Butterflies and Caterpillars". Monarch Butterfly Garden. Archived from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
    (4) Vogt, Benjamin (February 19, 2015). "Great Design Plant: Asclepias Incarnata for a Butterfly Garden: Beautiful swamp milkweed makes it easy to help monarchs and other pollinators in eastern U.S. gardens". Palo Alto, California: Houzz. Archived from the original on May 7, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  19. ^ Abugattas, Alonzo (3 January 2017). "Monarch Way Stations". Capital Naturalist. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021 – via Blogger. A better option for most gardeners might be Swamp Milkweed (A. incarnata) which, despite its name, does fine in regular garden soil and doesn't spread by runners.
  20. ^ a b "Asclepias incarnata". Bring Back The Monarchs. Monarch Watch. Archived from the original on June 12, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021. Life span: In gardens most plants live two-five years but known to survive up to 20 years. .... Propagation: Slow to spread via seeds. .... 'Overhead Conditions: Not shade tolerant. An early successional plant that tends to grow at the margins of wetlands and in seasonally flooded areas. It is not a good vegetative competitor and tends to disappear as vegetative density increases and habitats dry out.

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Asclepias incarnata: Brief Summary ( englanti )

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Asclepias incarnata, the swamp milkweed, rose milkweed, rose milkflower, swamp silkweed, or white Indian hemp, is a herbaceous perennial plant species native to North America. It grows in damp through wet soils and also is cultivated as a garden plant for its flowers, which attract butterflies and other pollinators with nectar. Like most other milkweeds, it has latex containing toxic chemicals, a characteristic that repels insects and other herbivorous animals.

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Asclepias incarnata ( kastilia )

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El algodoncillo de México o soldadillo de Méjico[1]​ (Asclepias incarnata) es una especie de la familia de las apocináceas.

 src=
Inflorescencia
 src=
Flores
 src=
Flores con una Sphex ichneumoneus tomando el néctar
 src=
Hojas brotando del tallo

Descripción

Es una planta herbácea nativa de América del Norte[2]​erecta, que alcanza los 100 a 150 centímetros de altura, con gruesas y carnosas raíces de color blanco. Los tallos son ramificados y forman un macizo de plantas, surgen a finales de primavera después de que la mayoría de otras plantas han empezado a crecer. Las hojas son opuestas de 7 a 15 centímetros de largo y estrechas en forma de lanza. Florece de comienzos a mediados de verano, con la producción de pequeñas y fragantes flores de color rosa a malva (a veces blanco) en redondeadas umbelas. Las flores tienen cinco pétalos y una corona central recogida. Después de florecer, crecen las vainas verdes, de alrededor de 12 centímetros de largo, largas y relativamente delgadas y redondeadas que crecen erectas. Las vainas se abren cuando están maduras, desde finales del verano a finales del otoño liberando las semillas aplanadas de color blanquecino a marrón oscuro con pelos sedosos y blancos que hacen que sean fácilmente arrastradas por el viento.[3]

Hábitat

Se encuentra en lugares con suelos húmedos y se cultiva también como una planta de jardín por sus atractivas flores que son apreciadas por las mariposas. Al igual que la mayoría de las demás Asclepias tiene la savia con productos químicos tóxicos,[4]​ utilizado para repeler los insectos y los animales herbívoros.

Prefiere suelos húmedos con pleno sol o con sombra parcial, normalmente crece silvestre cerca de los bordes de estanques, lagos, arroyos y zonas bajas a lo largo de zanjas o.[5]​ Es uno de los mejores alimentos de la Mariposa monarca que deposita sus huevos en las plantas donde las orugas se alimentan de las hojas. Sus raíces se han especializado para vivir en suelos húmedos pesados, espesos en ambientes bajos en oxígeno.

Usos

Esta especie se cultiva sobre todo en los jardines para atraer mariposas. El color de la flor puede variar de tonos más oscuros de morado a púrpura rosado suave, también existen flores de color blanco. Un gran número de cultivares se encuentran disponibles y las plantas se utilizan para exhibir las flores frescas cortadas de larga duración, a veces, también se usan las vainas.

En la medicina tradicional se ha usado como estomacal, emético, diurético, purgante, sudorífico y vermífugo.[6]

Taxonomía

Asclepias incarnata fue descrita por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 1: 215. 1753.[7]

Etimología

Asclepias: nombre genérico que Carlos Linneo nombró en honor de Esculapio (dios griego de la medicina), por las muchas aplicaciones medicinales que tiene la planta.

incarnata: epíteto latino que significa "de color rosa carne".[8]

Sinonimia
  • Acerates incarnata Decne.
  • Asclepias albiflora Raf.
  • Asclepias amoena Brongn.
  • Asclepias incarnata f. albiflora (Raf.) A.Heller
  • Asclepias incarnata f. candida Fernald
  • Asclepias incarnata var. glabra Eaton & Wright
  • Asclepias incarnata var. longifolia A. Gray
  • Asclepias incarnata f. rosea B.Boivin
  • Asclepias maritima Raf. ex Decne.
  • Asclepias verecunda Salisb.[9]

Referencias

  1. Colmeiro, Miguel: «Diccionario de los diversos nombres vulgares de muchas plantas usuales ó notables del antiguo y nuevo mundo», Madrid, 1871.
  2. «PLANTS Profile for Asclepias incarnata (swamp milkweed) | USDA PLANTS».
  3. «NPWRC :: Midwestern Wetland Flora». Archivado desde el original el 13 de mayo de 2009.
  4. Foster, Steven; Caras, Roger A. (1994). A field guide to venomous animals and poisonous plants, North America, north of Mexico. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 122. ISBN 9780395936085.
  5. «Asclepias incarnata».
  6. en Plantas útiles
  7. «Asclepias incarnata». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 21 de noviembre de 2012.
  8. en Epítetos Botánicos
  9. Asclepias incarnata en PlantList

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Asclepias incarnata: Brief Summary ( kastilia )

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El algodoncillo de México o soldadillo de Méjico​ (Asclepias incarnata) es una especie de la familia de las apocináceas.

 src= Inflorescencia  src= Flores  src= Flores con una Sphex ichneumoneus tomando el néctar  src= Hojas brotando del tallo
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Asclepias incarnata ( ranska )

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Asclepias incarnata, communément appelée Asclépiade rouge et Asclépiade incarnate, est une espèce de plante herbacée vivace du genre Asclepias native d'Amérique du Nord.

Description

L'Asclépiade incarnate est une plante herbacée pérenne qui pousse en bosquets de 100 à 150 cm de haut. Au printemps, la tige se développe à partir d'épaisses racines blanches. Les feuilles opposées lancéolées font de 7,5 à 15 cm de long pour 1 à 4 cm de large. Elle se distingue de l'Asclépiade commune par ses feuilles plus étroites et ses follicules plus longs, étroits et lisses.

Les fleurs pentamères sont roses à mauve, parfois blanches, disposées en ombelles et très parfumées. La floraison se déroule de juillet à août[2]. Après la floraison, la plante produit des follicules verta lancéolés d'une longueur qui atteint 12 cm. Une fois à maturité, les fruits déhiscents libèrent des dizaines de graines aplaties auxquelles une touffe de soies est attachée.

Habitat

L'Asclépiade incarnate est associée aux sols humides et aux milieux ouverts à partiellement ombragés. On la retrouve principalement dans les milieux humides tels que les marais, les fossés, les bords de cours d'eau et des lacs.

Répartition

Cette plante est présente à l'Est du Canada, du Manitoba aux provinces maritimes, et dans la plupart des États des États-Unis[3].

Écologie

Comme les autres espèces du genre Asclepias, l'Asclépiade incarnate est une plante-hôte du papillon monarque (Danaus plexippus), dont la chenille se nourrit des feuilles et autres parties de la plante. De plus, ses fleurs nectarifères et parfumées attirent de nombreuses espèces de pollinisateurs. Toutes les parties de la plantes contiennent un latex composé, notamment, de cardénolides, des molécules toxiques qui repoussent les herbivores.

Cultivars

 src=
Fleurs d' Asclepias incarnata du cultivar 'Ice Ballet'

Il existe des cultivars de l'Asclépiade incarnate dont la couleur des fleurs varie du mauve au blanc.

Notes et références

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Asclepias incarnata: Brief Summary ( ranska )

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Asclepias incarnata, communément appelée Asclépiade rouge et Asclépiade incarnate, est une espèce de plante herbacée vivace du genre Asclepias native d'Amérique du Nord.

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Asclepias incarnata ( Italia )

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Asclepias incarnata L. è una pianta erbacea, perenne, nativa del nord America ed appartenente alla famiglia delle Asclepiadaceae (o Apocynaceae secondo la classificazione APG [1]).

Descrizione

La pianta può raggiungere una altezza di circa 100–150 cm, con radici grosse e carnose di colore bianco. Cresce in suoli umidi e viene spesso coltivata come pianta da giardino per i propri fiori. La fioritura è fra l'inizio e la metà dell'estate, e produce piccoli e profumati fiori con infiorescenza ad ombrella.

Note

  1. ^ The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II , in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 2003; 141: 399–436.

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Asclepias incarnata: Brief Summary ( Italia )

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Asclepias incarnata L. è una pianta erbacea, perenne, nativa del nord America ed appartenente alla famiglia delle Asclepiadaceae (o Apocynaceae secondo la classificazione APG ).

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Rode zijdeplant ( flaami )

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De rode zijdeplant (Asclepias incarnata) is een kruidachtige plant uit de maagdenpalmfamilie (Apocynaceae).

De soort prefereert vochthoudende gronden en groeit het beste in de zon tot halfschaduw. De plant wordt vaak gevonden nabij de randen van plassen, meren, stroompjes, in laaggelegen gebieden en langs greppels. Het is een favoriet van de monarchvlinder, die de bloemen eet en haar eieren legt op de plant. De rupsen van deze vlindersoort eten de bladeren. De plant heeft niet de melkachtige sappen die de andere zijdeplanten wel hebben, maar heeft wel gespecialiseerde dikke witte wortels om te kunnen overleven in zware natte gronden die arm zijn aan zuurstof. De plant bloeit van de hoogzomer tot de nazomer en produceert na de bloei lange relatief dunne ronde zaaddozen, die recht omhoog groeien. De dozen springen open in de late zomer tot late herfst. Hierbij worden de zaden losgelaten, die zijn verbonden aan de zijdeachtige haren, die functioneren als parachutes, die de zaden wegvoeren met de windstromingen. De soort wordt veel gebruikt in tuinen, met name voor het aantrekken van vlinders. De kleur van de bloem kan variëren van donkerpaars tot zacht rozeachtig paars, maar er bestaan ook witte varianten. Er zijn een aantal cultivars van de plant, die verder ook wordt gebruikt voor vers gesneden bloemen, die lang meegaan, maar soms worden ook de zaaddozen gebruikt voor decoratie.

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Rode zijdeplant: Brief Summary ( flaami )

tarjonnut wikipedia NL

De rode zijdeplant (Asclepias incarnata) is een kruidachtige plant uit de maagdenpalmfamilie (Apocynaceae).

De soort prefereert vochthoudende gronden en groeit het beste in de zon tot halfschaduw. De plant wordt vaak gevonden nabij de randen van plassen, meren, stroompjes, in laaggelegen gebieden en langs greppels. Het is een favoriet van de monarchvlinder, die de bloemen eet en haar eieren legt op de plant. De rupsen van deze vlindersoort eten de bladeren. De plant heeft niet de melkachtige sappen die de andere zijdeplanten wel hebben, maar heeft wel gespecialiseerde dikke witte wortels om te kunnen overleven in zware natte gronden die arm zijn aan zuurstof. De plant bloeit van de hoogzomer tot de nazomer en produceert na de bloei lange relatief dunne ronde zaaddozen, die recht omhoog groeien. De dozen springen open in de late zomer tot late herfst. Hierbij worden de zaden losgelaten, die zijn verbonden aan de zijdeachtige haren, die functioneren als parachutes, die de zaden wegvoeren met de windstromingen. De soort wordt veel gebruikt in tuinen, met name voor het aantrekken van vlinders. De kleur van de bloem kan variëren van donkerpaars tot zacht rozeachtig paars, maar er bestaan ook witte varianten. Er zijn een aantal cultivars van de plant, die verder ook wordt gebruikt voor vers gesneden bloemen, die lang meegaan, maar soms worden ook de zaaddozen gebruikt voor decoratie.

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Close-up van de bloemen

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Bloemen met een nectar drinkende Sphex ichneumoneus

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Een stengel met bladeren

 src=

Een zaaddoos met de volwassen rups van een monarchvlinder

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Rosensidenört ( ruotsi )

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Rosensidenört (Asclepias incarnata) är en art inom släktet sidenörter och familjen oleanderväxter.

Rödklöver.png Denna växtartikel saknar väsentlig information. Du kan hjälpa till genom att tillföra sådan.
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Rosensidenört: Brief Summary ( ruotsi )

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Rosensidenört (Asclepias incarnata) är en art inom släktet sidenörter och familjen oleanderväxter.

Commons-logo.svg Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Rosensidenört.Bilder & media Rödklöver.png Denna växtartikel saknar väsentlig information. Du kan hjälpa till genom att tillföra sådan.
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Asclepias incarnata ( vietnam )

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Asclepias incarnata là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ La bố ma. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Kartesz, J.T. (1994). “Asclepias incarnata”. NatureServe. Truy cập ngày 12 tháng 7 năm 2013.
  2. ^ The Plant List (2010). Asclepias incarnata. Truy cập ngày 10 tháng 6 năm 2013.

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Asclepias incarnata: Brief Summary ( vietnam )

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Asclepias incarnata là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ La bố ma. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.

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Ваточник мясо-красный ( venäjä )

tarjonnut wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Растения
Подцарство: Зелёные растения
Отдел: Цветковые
Надпорядок: Asteranae
Семейство: Кутровые
Подсемейство: Ластовневые
Триба: Asclepiadeae
Подтриба: Asclepiadinae
Вид: Ваточник мясо-красный
Международное научное название

Asclepias incarnata L.

Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
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на Викискладе
ITIS 30241NCBI 330158EOL 585625GRIN t:4472IPNI 94351-1TPL kew-2654856

Ва́точник мя́со-кра́сный (лат. Asclépias incarnáta) — многолетнее травянистое растение; вид рода Ваточник семейства Кутровые.

Описание

Ваточник мясо-красный — травянистое растение, достигает в высоту 100—120 см.
Цветки — мелкие, красные или розо-пурпурные, с приятным ароматом, собраны в соцветия. Соцветие — зонтик, достигает в диаметре 6 см.

Галерея

Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata Emerging Leaves 2000px.JPG
Листья Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata Flowers Closeup 2800px.jpg
Соцветие Ascelpias incarnata seed.jpg
Плоды

Примечания

  1. Об условности указания класса двудольных в качестве вышестоящего таксона для описываемой в данной статье группы растений см. раздел «Системы APG» статьи «Двудольные».
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Ваточник мясо-красный: Brief Summary ( venäjä )

tarjonnut wikipedia русскую Википедию

Ва́точник мя́со-кра́сный (лат. Asclépias incarnáta) — многолетнее травянистое растение; вид рода Ваточник семейства Кутровые.

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沼澤乳草 ( kiina )

tarjonnut wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Asclepias incarnata
L.

沼澤乳草学名Asclepias incarnata)屬於夾竹桃科马利筋属,是一种多年生草本植物,为北美洲本地物种。[1]它们生在在潮湿的土壤中,花朵引人注意,因此被作为一种园林植物。由于其花朵分泌大量的花蜜,因而特別為蝴蝶和其它授粉类昆虫所喜愛。和其他乳草一样,它汁液含有有毒化学物,[2]用以逐退昆虫和草食性动物。

描述

沼泽乳草是一种直立的,高度为100到150厘米的植物,根部白色、厚肉质。通常,其枝干在晚春开始分支生长,晚于大多数其他植物。对生叶片的长度为7到15厘米,叶面较窄,形状为枪形,尾端很细。

开花期为初中夏,花小且香,颜色从粉红色到紫红色(有时为白色),为伞状花序。花有5个花瓣和一个升起的中心花冠。花谢后,绿色的果荚大约为12厘米长,成熟后裂开。种子的颜色为浅棕色到深棕色,形状扁平,连着银白色的丝,有利于随风散播。这种种子传播方式和其他乳草类植物类似。[3]

  •  src=

    茎叶

  •  src=

    完整的荚果

  •  src=

    裂开的荚果

  •  src=

    粉红色沼澤乳草的花序

  •  src=

    白花栽培种'Ice Ballet'

  •  src=

    有暗紫色斑点的变种

习性和用途

沼泽乳草喜好潮湿的土壤,有充分日照或局部遮荫。通常情况生长在池塘、湖泊、小溪、低地或沟渠的附近。[4]它是黑脉金斑蝶最喜欢的植物之一,以其花为食物,并在植物上面产卵。孵出的毛虫吃其叶子。

该植物的根很特别,适合生长在非常湿润的土壤中。厚的白根适应于低氧环境,叶子含有大量水份。

这个物种经常被栽种,它们被用作园林设计中以吸引蝴蝶。其花蜜同时吸引其他种类的昆虫。改物种也适合作为鲜切花,由于其开花期长,通常是展示其花朵,有时也因为其独特的果荚。

  •  src=

    沼澤乳草上爬行的黑脉金斑蝶成熟毛虫

  •  src=

    正在觅食的北美洲大黄蜂Sphex ichneumoneus

参考文献

  1. ^ PLANTS Profile for Asclepias incarnata (Swamp Milkweed). NRCS. USDA. [March 30, 2009].
  2. ^ Foster, Steven; Caras, Roger A. A field guide to venomous animals and poisonous plants, North America, north of Mexico. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1994: 122. ISBN 9780395936085.
  3. ^ Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata). Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. USGS. August 3, 2006. [March 30, 2009]. (原始内容存档于2009年5月13日). 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)
  4. ^ Asclepias incarnata. Kemper Center for Home Gardening. Missouri Botanical Garden. [2009-03-30].
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沼澤乳草: Brief Summary ( kiina )

tarjonnut wikipedia 中文维基百科

沼澤乳草(学名:Asclepias incarnata)屬於夾竹桃科马利筋属,是一种多年生草本植物,为北美洲本地物种。它们生在在潮湿的土壤中,花朵引人注意,因此被作为一种园林植物。由于其花朵分泌大量的花蜜,因而特別為蝴蝶和其它授粉类昆虫所喜愛。和其他乳草一样,它汁液含有有毒化学物,用以逐退昆虫和草食性动物。

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