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Amanita velosa (also known as the springtime amanita)[2] or bittersweet orange ringless amanita[3][4] is an edible species of agaric found in California, as well as southern Oregon and Baja California.[3]
It is part of Amanita section Vaginatae, and like other species in this group, it is characterized by its lack of an annulus, striate pileus margin, thick universal veil remnants comprising the veil, volva, and pileus patches, inamyloid spores, and lack of characteristic Amanita toxins such as amatoxins and ibotenic acid.[3][5] It is distinguished from other species in section Vaginatae by its lack of any kind of umbo on its pileus, its short pileus striae, and its distinct pale orange to pale salmon coloration when young. Its coloration can become more brownish with age and entirely white specimens are occasionally seen as well.[3] Like many other Amanita, the gills are white, but occasionally have a distinct pinkish or orangish tint.[3][5] In older specimens, the odor can become pungent and fishy.[2][6]
The cap is 5–15 cm wide, convex then plane, with an orange-pink or salmon-like color; it usually has a white universal veil patch.[7] The gills are adnexed to free, close and white (or pinkish with age).[7] The stalk is 5–15 cm long, and 1–3 cm wide.[7] The volva is white, saclike and sheathes the stalk base.[7] The spores are white, smooth, elliptical, and inamyloid.[7]
Amanita velosa is a late-season mushroom in its range of occurrence, being found from midwinter into spring, up until the end of the California rainy season. Its favored habitat is the ecotone between oak (particularly coast live oak) woodlands and open grassland, living in an ectomycorrhizal relationship with young oak trees.[2][5][8]
Although this species is primarily known from the coastal regions of California, Oregon, and Baja California, it is also reported to have been found in association with aspen and conifers in the Sierra Nevada[2] and there is also one report of this species being found growing with spruce in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, in the eastern United States.[5]
It is considered to be an outstanding edible species with a distinctively sweet or nutty flavor.[2][6] However, great caution must be exercised to properly identify it, as the deadly Amanita ocreata (and occasionally Amanita phalloides) is also found in the same habitat at the same time of year, and can often be found in close proximity to each other. A. ocreata and A. phalloides have thin universal veil remnants, a sac-like volva, an annulus, a non-striate pileus margin, and a pileus that is a different color than A. velosa.[2][8] These differences can fade as the fruiting body ages, making it important to collect only specimens that have all of their identifying characteristics intact.[9]
Amanita velosa (also known as the springtime amanita) or bittersweet orange ringless amanita is an edible species of agaric found in California, as well as southern Oregon and Baja California.
Amanita velosa [2] ("amanita sin anillo naranja agridulce", en inglés "bittersweet orange ringless amanita")[3] es una especie de hongos en la familia Amanitaceae. Es un hongo comestible propio de California, Oregón y Baja California.[3]
Es parte de la sección Vaginatae de Amanita y, al igual que otras especies de este grupo, se caracteriza por la falta de un anillo, margen de pileo estriado, restos gruesos de velo universal que comprenden el parche de velo, volva y partes del pileo, esporas inamiloides y la falta de toxinas características de Amanita como amatoxinas y ácido iboténico.[3][4] Se distingue de otras especies en la sección Vaginatae por su falta de cualquier tipo de umbo en su sombrero, su corto pileo estriado y su coloración naranja claro a salmón claro cuando es joven. Su coloración puede volverse más marrón con la edad y ocasionalmente también se ven especímenes completamente blancos.[3] Al igual que muchas otras Amanita, las laminillas son blancas, pero ocasionalmente tienen un tinte rosado o anaranjado característico.[3][4] En especímenes más viejos, el olor puede volverse picante y sospechoso.[2][5]
Se le considera una especie comestible excepcional con un sabor distintivamente dulce o a nuez.[2][5] Sin embargo, se debe tener mucho cuidado para identificarlo adecuadamente, ya que la mortal Amanita ocreata (y ocasionalmente Amanita phalloides) también se encuentra en el mismo hábitat en la misma época del año, y a menudo se pueden encontrar muy cerca unas de otras. A. ocreata y A. phalloides tienen restos de velo universales delgados, una volva similar a un saco, un anillo, un margen de sombrero no estriado y un sombrero que es de un color diferente al de A. velosa.[2][6] Estas diferencias pueden desvanecerse a medida que el cuerpo fructífero envejece, por lo que es importante recolectar solo especímenes que tengan todas sus características de identificación intactas. [7]
Amanita velosa ("amanita sin anillo naranja agridulce", en inglés "bittersweet orange ringless amanita") es una especie de hongos en la familia Amanitaceae. Es un hongo comestible propio de California, Oregón y Baja California.
Amanita velosa é um fungo que pertence ao gênero de cogumelos Amanita na ordem Agaricales. É encontrado no oeste da América do Norte.[1]
Amanita velosa é um fungo que pertence ao gênero de cogumelos Amanita na ordem Agaricales. É encontrado no oeste da América do Norte.
Amanita velosa là một loài nấm tán (agaric) thuộc chi Amanita trong họ Amanitaceae. Tên gọi thông thường của nấm này là springtime amanita[2] hay bittersweet orange ringless amanita.[3] Loài nấm này ăn được, chúng phân bố ở các bang California, Oregon (Hoa Kỳ) và bang Baja California (México).[3]
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Bài viết liên quan đến bộ nấm Agaricales này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Amanita velosa là một loài nấm tán (agaric) thuộc chi Amanita trong họ Amanitaceae. Tên gọi thông thường của nấm này là springtime amanita hay bittersweet orange ringless amanita. Loài nấm này ăn được, chúng phân bố ở các bang California, Oregon (Hoa Kỳ) và bang Baja California (México).
Amanita velosa (Peck) Lloyd 1898
Amanita velosa — вид грибов из рода Мухомор семейства Мухоморовые (Amanitaceae).
Считается съедобным и вкусным грибом.
Произрастает в Северной Америке. Образует микоризу с различными видами рода Дуб (Quercus), например, Quercus agrifolia.
Amanita velosa — вид грибов из рода Мухомор семейства Мухоморовые (Amanitaceae).
具托大鵝膏菌（學名：Amanita velosa），俗稱春天鵝膏菌（springtime amanita）[2]和甘苦參半的橙色無環鵝膏菌（bittersweet orange ringless amanita）[3]，是屬於鵝膏菌屬的一種真菌品種，分佈於美國西岸和墨西哥西岸。[3]
具托大鵝膏菌是屬於鹅膏菌科下的鵝膏菌屬。與同屬的其他品種相似，這種菌的特徵在於缺乏菌環、條紋狀的菌蓋邊緣、覆蓋著厚菌傘膜殘餘物的菌傘，菌托，菌蓋、非澱粉狀蛋白孢子、以及缺乏鵝膏菌特有的毒素，如毒傘肽和鹅膏蕈氨酸。[3][4]這種菌並沒有殼頂，菌蓋有著較短的皮紋，且年輕時著色為突出的淡橙色至淡鮭色，因此易於辨認。其顏色會隨著年齡逐漸變成褐色。少數具托大鵝膏菌的顏色為白色。[3]與同屬的其他品種相似，這種菌的菌褶為白色。但是一，其顏色偶爾會是獨特的粉紅色或橙色。[3][4]在年齡較大的標本中，其氣味會是刺鼻的腥臭。[2][5]
具托大鵝膏菌主要在一年裡的隆冬至春季期間出現，並且部份會持續至雨季。這種菌的最佳生境為橡樹林與草原之間的交錯帶，並會在年輕的橡樹上以外生菌根的形式生長。[2][4][6]
雖然這個品種主要來自加利福尼亞州、俄勒岡州和下加利福尼亞州的沿海地區，它也會在美國內華達山脈的杨树林和松柏林之間出現。[2]另外，位於東美國的大煙山國家公園雲杉林中，亦曾有出現這種菌的報告。[4]
具托大鵝膏菌是一種優秀的食用物種，並具有獨特的甜味或堅果味。[2][5]然而，食用前必須經過仔細的鑑識。這是因為致命的赭鵝膏和毒鵝膏均會在同一時間、同一地點與具托大鵝膏菌一起出現，且它們的外貌較為相近。儘管如此，赭鵝膏和毒鵝膏與具托大鵝膏菌仍然有不少不同之處。赭鵝膏和毒鵝膏均擁有完整的菌傘膜、袋狀菌托、菌環、非條紋狀的菌蓋邊緣、以及顏色相異的菌蓋。[2][6]但是，部份不同之處會隨著子實體老化而消失，導致要識別它們較為困難。[7]因此，部份專家並不建議食用野生的具托大鵝膏菌。[8]
具托大鵝膏菌（學名：Amanita velosa），俗稱春天鵝膏菌（springtime amanita）和甘苦參半的橙色無環鵝膏菌（bittersweet orange ringless amanita），是屬於鵝膏菌屬的一種真菌品種，分佈於美國西岸和墨西哥西岸。
