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Behavior ( englanti )

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Myers, P. 1999. "Eschrichtiidae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Eschrichtiidae.html
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Morphology ( englanti )

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Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Reproduction ( englanti )

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Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual

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Eschrichtiidae ( Interlingua )

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Eschrichtiidae es un familia de Mysticeti.

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Eschrichtiidae ( englanti )

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Eschrichtiidae or the gray whales is a family of baleen whale (Parvorder Mysticeti) with a single extant species, the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus), as well as three described fossil genera: Archaeschrichtius and Eschrichtioides from the Miocene and Pliocene of Italy respectively,[1] and Gricetoides from the Pliocene of North Carolina.[2] More recent phylogenetic studies have found this family to be invalid, with its members nesting inside the Balaenopteridae.[3][4] The names of the extant genus and the family honours Danish zoologist Daniel Eschricht.[5]

Taxonomy

In his morphological analysis, Bisconti 2008 found that eschrichtiids and Cetotheriidae (Cetotherium, Mixocetus and Metopocetus) form a monophyletic sister group of Balaenopteridae.[6]

A specimen from the Late Pliocene of northern Italy, named "Cetotherium" gastaldii by Strobel 1875[7] and renamed "Balaenoptera" gastaldii by Portis 1885, was identified as a basal eschrichtiid by Bisconti 2008 who recombined it to Eschrichtioides gastaldii.[8][9]

Steeman et al. 2009 found that the gray whale is phylogenetically distinct from rorquals and that previous morphological studies were correct in the conclusion that the evolution of gulp feeding was a single event in the rorqual lineage.[10] In contrast, multiple later studies found the gray whale to fall within the family Balaenopteridae, being more derived than the minke whales but basal to all other members in the family, and reclassified it in Balaenopteridae; the American Society of Mammalogists has followed this classification.[3][4][11]

Evolution

Fossils of Eschrichtiidae have been found in all major oceanic basins in the Northern Hemisphere, and the family is believed date back to the Late Miocene.[8] Today, gray whales are only present in the northern Pacific, but a population was also present in the northern Atlantic before being driven to extinction by European whalers three centuries ago.[12]

Fossil eschrichtiids from before the Holocene are rare compared to other fossil mysticetes. The only Pleistocene fossil from the Pacific referred to E. eschrichtius is a partial skeleton and an associated skull from California, estimated to be about 200 thousand years old. However, a late Pliocene fossil from Hokkaido, Japan, referred to Eschrichtius sp. is estimated to be 2.6 to 3.9 Mya and a similar unnamed fossil has been reported from California.[8]

In their description of Archaeschrichtius ruggieroi from the late Miocene of Italy, Bisconti & Varola 2006 argued that eschrichtiids most likely originated in the Mediterranean Basin about 10 million years ago and remained there, either permanently or intermittently, at least until the Early Pliocene (5–3 Mya),[13] (but see Messinian salinity crisis.)

References

Notes

  1. ^ Bisconti 2008
  2. ^ Pyenson & Lindberg 2011
  3. ^ a b McGowen, Michael R; Tsagkogeorga, Georgia; Álvarez-Carretero, Sandra; dos Reis, Mario; Struebig, Monika; Deaville, Robert; Jepson, Paul D; Jarman, Simon; Polanowski, Andrea; Morin, Phillip A; Rossiter, Stephen J (2019-10-21). "Phylogenomic Resolution of the Cetacean Tree of Life Using Target Sequence Capture". Systematic Biology. 69 (3): 479–501. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syz068. ISSN 1063-5157. PMC 7164366. PMID 31633766.
  4. ^ a b "Explore the Database". www.mammaldiversity.org. Retrieved 2021-08-20.
  5. ^ Jones & Swartz 2008, p. 503
  6. ^ Bisconti 2008, Results, pp. 173–174
  7. ^ Strobel 1875, p. 136
  8. ^ a b c Pyenson & Lindberg 2011, Fossil record of gray whales
  9. ^ Deméré, Berta & McGowen 2005, pp. 119–120
  10. ^ Steeman et al. 2009, p. 580
  11. ^ Árnason, Úlfur; Lammers, Fritjof; Kumar, Vikas; Nilsson, Maria A.; Janke, Axel (2018). "Whole-genome sequencing of the blue whale and other rorquals finds signatures for introgressive gene flow". Science Advances. 4 (4): eaap9873. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.9873A. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aap9873. PMC 5884691. PMID 29632892.
  12. ^ Bisconti & Varola 2006, p. 450
  13. ^ Bisconti & Varola 2006, Implications for eschrichtiid fossil record and paleobiogeography, p. 454

Sources

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Eschrichtiidae: Brief Summary ( englanti )

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Eschrichtiidae or the gray whales is a family of baleen whale (Parvorder Mysticeti) with a single extant species, the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus), as well as three described fossil genera: Archaeschrichtius and Eschrichtioides from the Miocene and Pliocene of Italy respectively, and Gricetoides from the Pliocene of North Carolina. More recent phylogenetic studies have found this family to be invalid, with its members nesting inside the Balaenopteridae. The names of the extant genus and the family honours Danish zoologist Daniel Eschricht.

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Eschrichtiidae ( kastilia )

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Los escríctidos o escrictíidos (Eschrichtiidae) son una familia de cetáceos del clado Mysticeti (cetáceos con barbas). Al haberse extinguido Eschrichtius globossus hace unos 300 años, la familia actualmente está representada solo por una especie: Eschrichtius robustus (ballena gris).

Taxonomía

La familia fue descrita por primera vez por Ellerman y Morrison-Scott recién en 1951, agrupando o diferenciando la especie ballena gris, ya descrita noventa años antes por Wilhelm Lilljeborg. Estudios moleculares y morfológicos demuestran que esta familia está más relacionada con los rorcuales que a las ballenas.[1]

Familia Eschrichtiidae

*La ballena gris del norte del Atlántico fue cazada hasta su extinción a finales del siglo XVII o principios del XVIII.[1]

Actualmente existen 2 poblaciones de ballena gris, la coreana que pasa el verano en el mar de Ojotsk y el invierno cerca de Corea; y la californiana que veranea en los mares de Bering y de Chukchi e hiberna junto la península de la Baja California. La población del nordeste del Pacífico, la que pasa el invierno en los alrededores de la península de Corea fue severamente perseguida hasta 1968, y se considera hoy extinguida, o al menos en condiciones biológicas no sustentables con no más de 200 ejemplares vivos. La población californiana, es el principal grupo sobreviviente, con una población estimada entre los 16.000 y 21.000 individuos.

Diferencias con el resto del suborden misticeto

La familia Eschrichtiidae se encuentra más próxima a la familia de los rorcuales que a las ballenas, sin embargo, posee claras diferencias respecto a los primeros.

  • No presenta pliegues gulares.
  • No poseen aleta dorsal, y en su lugar muestran una serie de jorobas bajas y redondas en la parte trasera del dorso, por tal motivo se la llamaba también "ballena gibosa".
  • El rostro es angosto y arqueado (a diferencia del recto y plano de los rorcuales).
  • Los extremos de los premaxilares se extienden hasta abajo del borde de los huesos supraorbitales. Los huesos nasales son largos. Los huesos frontales están muy expuestos a lo ancho en la superficie dorsal.
  • Las barbas son cortas y finas.

Referencias

  1. a b c d e Berta, Annalisa (2006). Marine Mammals: Evolutionary biology. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-088552-2.
  • Dow, Lesley. 1990. Whales, Great Creatures of the World. Nueva York: Weldon Owen.
  • Jones, Mary Lou, Swartz, Steven L. and Leatherwood, Stephen, eds. 1984. The Gray Whale Eschrichtius robustus. Orlando: Academic Press
  • Gordon, David G., and Baldridge, Alan . 1991. Gray Whales. Monterey Bay, CA: Monterey Bay Aquarium.
  • Rice, Dale W. 1986. Gray whale. In Marine Mammals of Eastern North Pacific and Arctic Waters. Edited by Delphine Haley. Seattle: Pacific Search Press. pp. 64 - 71.
  • Leatherwood, Stephen and Reeves, Randall R. 1992. The Sierra Handbook of Whales and Dolphins. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books.

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Eschrichtiidae: Brief Summary ( kastilia )

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Los escríctidos o escrictíidos (Eschrichtiidae) son una familia de cetáceos del clado Mysticeti (cetáceos con barbas). Al haberse extinguido Eschrichtius globossus hace unos 300 años, la familia actualmente está representada solo por una especie: Eschrichtius robustus (ballena gris).

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Hallvaallased ( viro )

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Eschrichtiidae ( baski )

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Eschrichtiidae baleen familia bat da. Egun kide bakarra du, balea gris (Eschrichtius robustus) hain zuzen ere; baina beste hiru genero iraungituak ditu: Archaeschrichtius, Eschrichtioides eta Gricetoides hurrenez hurren. Egun bizirik dagoen generoaren eta familiaren izenak Daniel Eschricht daniar zoologoaren omenezkoak dira.[2]

Erreferentziak

  1. Ellerman, J. R.; Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1951) Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals 1758 to 1946 British Museum (Natural History) 1–810 or. OCLC 469669291.
  2. Jones, M. L.; Swartz, S. L. (2008) Perrin, William F.; Würsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J. G. M. eds. Gray whale Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals Academic Press 503 or. ISBN 978-0-12-373553-9.
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Eschrichtiidae: Brief Summary ( baski )

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Eschrichtiidae baleen familia bat da. Egun kide bakarra du, balea gris (Eschrichtius robustus) hain zuzen ere; baina beste hiru genero iraungituak ditu: Archaeschrichtius, Eschrichtioides eta Gricetoides hurrenez hurren. Egun bizirik dagoen generoaren eta familiaren izenak Daniel Eschricht daniar zoologoaren omenezkoak dira.

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Pływaczowate (zwierzęta) ( puola )

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 src= Ten artykuł dotyczy waleni. Zobacz też: inne znaczenia. Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Pływaczowate[2] (Eschrichtiidae) – rodzina ssaków z rzędu waleni charakteryzujących się brakiem płetwy grzbietowej oraz nielicznymi i krótkimi płatami fiszbinu.

Rodzaje

Do rodziny należy jeden współcześnie występujący rodzaj[3][2]:

  • Eschrichtius – pływacz – jedynym przedstawicielem jest Eschrichtius robustuspływacz szary

oraz jeden wymarły[4]:

Przypisy

  1. Eschrichtiidae, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. a b Systematyka i nazwy polskie za: Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2015, s. 187. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.
  3. Wilson Don E. & Reeder DeeAnn M. (red.) Eschrichtiidae. w: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3.) [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. (ang.) [dostęp 2015-09-08]
  4. M. Bisconti, A. Varola. The oldest eschrictiid mysticete: and a new morphological diagnosis of Eschrichtiidae (gray whales). „Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigafia”. 112 (3), s. 447-457, 2006.
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Pływaczowate (zwierzęta): Brief Summary ( puola )

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Pływaczowate (Eschrichtiidae) – rodzina ssaków z rzędu waleni charakteryzujących się brakiem płetwy grzbietowej oraz nielicznymi i krótkimi płatami fiszbinu.

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Eschrichtiidae ( slovakia )

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Eschrichtiidae (slov. staršie vráskavcovité; lat. synonum Rhachianectidae) je čeľaď taxónu kosticovce.

Systematika

Iné projekty

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Eschrichtiidae: Brief Summary ( slovakia )

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Eschrichtiidae (slov. staršie vráskavcovité; lat. synonum Rhachianectidae) je čeľaď taxónu kosticovce.

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Họ Cá voi xám ( vietnam )

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Eschrichtiidae là một họ cá voi trong phân bộ cá voi tấm sừng hàm.[1] Kết quả công bố năm 2011, họ này được xem là đơn ngành.[2]

Các chi

Họ này có ít nhất 5 chi đã được công nhận, nhưng chỉ có một chi đơn loài còn sinh tồn là loài cá voi xám,Eschrichtius robustus.

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Paleobiology Database Eschrichtiidae entry Accessed on ngày 24 tháng 12 năm 2010
  2. ^ “Eschrichtiidae”. Truy cập ngày 29 tháng 12 năm 2012.
  3. ^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Eschrichtiidae”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  4. ^ “Archaeschrichtius”. Truy cập ngày 29 tháng 12 năm 2012.
  5. ^ “Eschrichtioides”. Truy cập ngày 29 tháng 12 năm 2012.
  6. ^ “Gricetoides”. Truy cập 2012-12=29. Kiểm tra giá trị ngày tháng trong: |accessdate= (trợ giúp)

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Cá voi (Cetacea) này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Họ Cá voi xám: Brief Summary ( vietnam )

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Eschrichtiidae là một họ cá voi trong phân bộ cá voi tấm sừng hàm. Kết quả công bố năm 2011, họ này được xem là đơn ngành.

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